E mōhio ana tātou katoa, ko te whakamāramatanga o te haurua-waenga ko tōna kawe hiko i waenga i ngā kawe hiko maroke me ngā ārai hiko, ā, ko te ātete i waenga i te konganuku me te ārai hiko, ko te pāmahana rūma te tikanga kei roto i te whānuitanga o te 1mΩ-cm ~ 1GΩ-cm. I ngā tau tata nei, kua kitea te piki haere o te tūnga o te paninga haurua-waenga korehau i roto i ngā kamupene haurua-waenga nui, inā koa i roto i ētahi tikanga rangahau hangarau whanaketanga ara iahiko pūnaha whakauru nui ki ngā taputapu hurihanga hiko-magnetoelectric, ngā taputapu whakaputa mārama me ētahi atu mahi whanaketanga. He mahi nui tā te paninga haurua-waenga korehau.
Ko ngā mea e tohuhia ana e ngā semiconductor he āhuatanga ā-roto, te pāmahana me te kukū o te poke. Ko ngā rauemi paninga semiconductor korehau e wehewehea ana tetahi i tetahi e ngā matū whakauru. Ko te nuinga o ēnei he boron, he waro, he silicon, he germanium, he arsenic, he antimony, he tellurium, he iodine, me ētahi atu, ā, he iti noa iho te GaP, GaAs, lnSb, me ētahi atu. Kei reira anō hoki ētahi semiconductor waikura, pērā i te FeO, Fe₂O₃, MnO, Cr₂O₃, Cu₂O, me ētahi atu.
Ka taea e ngā taputapu whakamomona korehau, paninga pupuhi, paninga katote me ētahi atu te paninga haurua-haurua korehau. He rerekē te kaupapa mahi o ēnei taputapu paninga katoa, engari ka hangaia e rātou te rauemi paninga haurua-haurua kia whakatakotoria ki runga i te papa, ā, hei rauemi o te papa, kāore he whakaritenga, ka taea te hanga haurua-haurua, kāore rānei. Hei tāpiri, ka taea te whakarite i ngā paninga he rerekē ngā āhuatanga hiko me ngā āhuatanga whatu mā te horapa paru me te whakatō katote ki runga i te mata o te papa haurua-haurua i roto i te whānuitanga. Ka taea hoki te tukatuka i te paparanga angiangi ka puta hei paninga haurua-haurua whānui.
He mea nui te paninga haurua-haurua korehau i roto i ngā taputapu hiko, ahakoa mō ngā taputapu hohe, ahakoa mō ngā taputapu korehau. Nā te whanaketanga tonu o te hangarau paninga haurua-haurua korehau, kua taea te whakahaere tika i te mahi kiriata.
I ngā tau tata nei, kua tere te ahunga whakamua o te paninga kore āhua me te paninga polycrystalline i roto i te hanga i ngā taputapu kawe whakaahua, ngā ngongo pānga-marae kua pania, me ngā pūtau rā tino whai hua. Hei tāpiri, nā te whanaketanga o te paninga haurua-haurua korehau me te kiriata angiangi o ngā pūoko, ka whakaitihia te uaua o te whiriwhiri rauemi, ā, ka māmā haere te tukanga hanga. Kua noho hei mea nui ngā taputapu paninga haurua-haurua korehau mō ngā tono haurua-haurua. He whānui te whakamahinga o ngā taputapu mō te paninga haurua-haurua o ngā taputapu kāmera, ngā pūtau rā, ngā transistors kua pania, te tukunga haurua, te mārama-katode, te tukunga irahiko, ngā huānga pūoko kiriata angiangi, me ētahi atu.
Kua hangaia te raina paninga magnetron sputtering me tētahi pūnaha whakahaere aunoa katoa, he atanga mata-pā watea, ngāwari hoki. Kua hangaia te raina me tētahi tahua mahi katoa hei whakatutuki i te aroturukitanga katoa o te mana whakahaere mō ngā wāhanga katoa o te raina whakaputa, te tautuhinga tawhā tukanga, te tiaki mahi me ngā mahi whakaoho. He haumaru, he pono, he pumau hoki te pūnaha whakahaere hiko katoa. He rite ki te ūnga magnetron sputtering taha-rua o runga me raro, ki te pūnaha paninga taha-kotahi rānei.
Ko te nuinga o te taputapu e whakamahia ana ki ngā papa hiko uku, ngā pūnga hiko maramara teitei me ētahi atu paninga papa, ko ngā wāhi tono matua ko ngā papa hiko hiko.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi-07-2022