Zeziphi iindidi zezixhobo zokugquma ivacuum?

Itekhnoloji yokucoca itekhnoloji yitekhnoloji ebeka imathiriyeli yefilim ebhityileyo kumphezulu wezinto ezingaphantsi kwe-vacuum, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-elektroniki, i-optics, ukupakishwa, ukuhombisa kunye nezinye iindawo. Isixhobo sokugquma ivacuum sinokwahlulwa ikakhulu kwezi ntlobo zilandelayo:

1. Isixhobo sokugquma ithermal evaporation coating: le yeyona ndlela iqhelekileyo yokugquma ivacuum, ngokufudumeza ifilim ebhityileyo kwinqanawa yokuphuphuma umphunga, ievaporated ifakwe kumphezulu we-substrate.
2. Izixhobo zokugquma i-sputtering: usebenzisa i-ion ene-eneji ephezulu ukubetha umphezulu wezinto ezijoliswe kuyo, ii-athomu zezinto ezijoliswe kuzo zichithwa kwaye zifakwe kwi-substrate material. I-Magnetron sputtering iyakwazi ukufumana iyunifomu ngakumbi kunye nokubambelela ngokuqinileyo kwefilimu, ilungele imveliso yobuninzi.
3.Izixhobo zokubeka umqadi we-Ion: Imiqadi ye-ion isetyenziselwa ukufaka imathiriyeli yefilim ebhityileyo kwi-substrate. Le ndlela inokufumana iifilimu ezifanayo kakhulu kwaye ifanelekile kwizihlandlo ezineemfuno ezichanekileyo ezichanekileyo, kodwa iindleko zezixhobo ziphezulu.
4. Izixhobo ze-Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD): Yenza iifilimu ezincinci kumphezulu we-substrate material ngokusebenzisa i-chemical reaction. Le ndlela inokulungiselela umgangatho ophezulu, iifilimu ezininzi zeentlobo, kodwa izixhobo zinzima kwaye zibiza.
5. Izixhobo ze-Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE): Le yindlela yokulawula ukukhula kweefilimu ezibhityileyo kwinqanaba le-athomu kwaye isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukulungiswa kwee-ultra-thin layers kunye nezakhiwo ezininzi ze-semiconductor kunye ne-nanotechnology applications.
6. Izixhobo zePlasma eziphuculweyo ze-Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD): Le yindlela esebenzisa i-plasma yokuphucula ukufakwa kweefilimu ezincinci ngokuphendula kweekhemikhali, okuvumela ukwakheka ngokukhawuleza kweefilimu ezincinci kumaqondo okushisa aphantsi.
7. Izixhobo ze-Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) : Ezi zisebenzisa i-high-energy laser pulses ukubetha i-target, i-evaporate material ukusuka kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo kwaye ifake kwi-substrate, kwaye ifanelekile ukukhulisa umgangatho ophezulu, iifilimu ze-oxide eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Nganye kwezi zixhobo zineempawu zayo ekuyilweni nasekusebenzeni kwaye zifanelekile kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino kunye nemimandla yophando. Ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji, itekhnoloji yokugquma ivacuum nayo ihambela phambili, kwaye nezixhobo ezitsha zokugquma ivacuum nazo ziyavela.