Popeza zosefera, monga chinthu china chilichonse chopangidwa ndi anthu, sizingapangidwe kuti zigwirizane ndendende ndi zomwe zili m'bukuli, mfundo zina zovomerezeka ziyenera kufotokozedwa. Pa zosefera za narrowband, magawo akuluakulu omwe ayenera kuperekedwa ndi awa: kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali, kutumiza kwa nthawi yayitali, ndi bandwidth,...
Mafotokozedwe a magwiridwe antchito a fyuluta ndi mafotokozedwe ofunikira a magwiridwe antchito a fyuluta m'chinenero chomwe chingamveke mosavuta ndi opanga makina, ogwiritsa ntchito, opanga ma fyuluta, ndi zina zotero. Nthawi zina wopanga ma fyuluta amalemba mafotokozedwewo kutengera magwiridwe antchito omwe fyulutayo ingathe kuchita. Ena...
Njira yoyika nthunzi ya vacuum nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo kuyeretsa pamwamba pa substrate, kukonzekera musanayike, kuika nthunzi, kukweza, kukonza pambuyo pa kupaka, kuyesa, ndi zinthu zomalizidwa. (1) Kuyeretsa pamwamba pa substrate. Makoma a chipinda cha vacuum, chimango cha substrate ndi mafuta ena a pamwamba, dzimbiri, kukonzanso ...
Filimu yomwe ili mu gwero la evaporation la evaporation yotenthetsera imatha kupanga tinthu ta nembanemba mu mawonekedwe a maatomu (kapena mamolekyulu) kulowa mu gawo la mpweya. Pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu kwa gwero la evaporation, maatomu kapena mamolekyu omwe ali pamwamba pa nembanemba amapeza mphamvu zokwanira kuti agonjetse s...
Njira yoyika nthunzi ya vacuum nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo njira monga kuyeretsa pamwamba pa substrate, kukonzekera musanaphike, kuika nthunzi, kutola zidutswa, kukonza pambuyo pa plating, kuyesa, ndi zinthu zomalizidwa. (1) Kuyeretsa pamwamba pa substrate. Makoma a chipinda cha vacuum, chimango cha substrate ndi zina...
Kuyika filimu yopyapyala ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mumakampani opanga ma semiconductor, komanso m'magawo ena ambiri a sayansi ya zinthu ndi uinjiniya. Zimaphatikizapo kupanga wosanjikiza woonda wa zinthu pa substrate. Mafilimu osungidwa amatha kukhala ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana, kuyambira ochepa mpaka...