Ụkpụrụ nke mkpuchi ikuku evaporation
1, Equipment na anụ ahụ usoro nke agụụ evaporation mkpuchi
Ngwa mkpuchi ikuku evaporation na-abụkarị nke oghere oghere na usoro mgbapụ. N'ime oghere oghere, e nwere isi iyi evaporation (ie evaporation heater), mkpụrụ osisi na mkpụrụ osisi, ikpo ọkụ nke mkpụrụ osisi, sistemu iyuzucha, wdg.
A na-etinye ihe mkpuchi ahụ na isi iyi nke evaporation nke oghere oghere, na n'okpuru ọnọdụ ikuku dị elu, ọ na-ekpo ọkụ site na isi iyi nke evaporation ka ọ pụọ. Mgbe nkezi free nso nke uzuoku ụmụ irighiri ibu karịa linear size nke agụụ ụlọ, mgbe atọm na ụmụ irighiri ihe nkiri vepo si n'elu nke evaporation isi iyi, na-adịkarịghị egbochi site nkukota nke ọzọ molekul ma ọ bụ atọm, na ozugbo rute n'elu nke mkpụrụ ka a kpuchie. N'ihi obere okpomọkụ nke mkpụrụ, ihe nkiri vapor particle condense na ya na-emepụta ihe nkiri.
Iji meziwanye nchikota nke mkpụrụ ndụ evaporation na mkpụrụ, enwere ike ịmegharị mkpụrụ ahụ site na ikpo ọkụ kwesịrị ekwesị ma ọ bụ ion. Ihe mkpuchi ikuku evaporation na-aga site na usoro anụ ahụ ndị a site na evaporation ihe, ibuga na ntinye n'ime ihe nkiri.
(1) N'iji ụzọ dị iche iche iji gbanwee ụdị ike ndị ọzọ n'ime ike ọkụ, ihe nkiri ahụ na-ekpo ọkụ ka ọ na-ekpochapụ ma ọ bụ mee ka ọ bụrụ ihe ndị dị na gas (atom, molecules ma ọ bụ ụyọkọ atomiki) na ụfọdụ ike (0.1 ruo 0.3 eV).
(2) Ihe ndị na-esi ísì ụtọ na-ahapụ n'elu ihe nkiri ahụ ma na-ebuga ya na elu nke mkpụrụ ahụ n'otu ọsọ ọsọ ọsọ, nke bụ isi na-enweghị nkwekọrịta, n'ahịrị kwụ ọtọ.
(3) The gaseous ahụ iru n'elu nke mkpụrụ coalesce na nucleate, na mgbe ahụ na-eto eto n'ime a siri ike-adọ film.
(4) Nhazigharị ma ọ bụ njikọ kemịkalụ nke atọ ndị mejupụtara ihe nkiri ahụ.
2, evaporation kpo oku
(1) Nguzogide kpo oku evaporation
Nguzogide ikpo ọkụ evaporation bụ usoro ikpo ọkụ kachasị mfe na nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe, n'ozuzu ọdabara maka ihe mkpuchi na ebe mgbaze n'okpuru 1500 ℃, ọla na-agbaze dị elu na waya ma ọ bụ mpempe akwụkwọ (W, Mo, Ti, Ta, boron nitride, wdg) na-emekarị ka ọ bụrụ ọdịdị kwesịrị ekwesị nke isi iyi evaporation, nke jupụtara na evaporation ihe, site na Joule na-agbaze ihe ọkụ eletrik nke ugbu a, na-agbaze ọkụ eletrik nke ugbu a. evaporation isi tumadi na-agụnye multi-eriri gburugburu, U-ekara, sine ife, mkpa efere, ụgbọ mmiri, cone nkata, wdg N'otu oge ahụ, usoro na-achọ na evaporation isi iyi ihe nwere elu agbaze ebe, ala saturation vepor mgbali, ike chemical Njirimara, enweghị chemical mmeghachi omume na mkpuchi ihe na elu okpomọkụ, ezi okpomọkụ na-eguzogide, obere mgbanwe na ike njupụta, ugbu a na-eme ka okpomọkụ evapo ihe njupụta na isi iyi na-eme ka ọ nakweere elu ihe nkiri evapo. site na kpo oku ozugbo, ma ọ bụ tinye ihe nkiri ahụ n'ime crucible mere nke graphite na ụfọdụ elu okpomọkụ na-eguzogide metal oxides (dị ka A202, B0) na ihe ndị ọzọ maka ikpo ọkụ na-apụtaghị ìhè ka ikupụ.
Nguzogide ikpo ọkụ evaporation mkpuchi nwere njedebe: ọla ndị na-emegharị ahụ nwere nrụgide ikuku dị ala, nke siri ike ịme ihe nkiri dị mkpa; ihe ụfọdụ dị mfe ịmepụta alloy na waya kpo oku; Ọ dịghị mfe ịnweta otu ihe mejupụtara nke ihe nkiri alloy. N'ihi usoro dị mfe, ọnụ ala dị ala na ọrụ dị mfe nke usoro ikpo ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ, ọ bụ ngwa ngwa nke usoro evaporation.
(2) Igwe ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ evaporation
Mgbasa ọkụ eletrik bụ ụzọ isi kpochapụ ihe mkpuchi ahụ site n'ịkụnye ya na ọkụ ọkụ eletrik dị elu site n'itinye ya n'ime ite ọla kọpa na-eme ka mmiri dị jụụ. The evaporation isi iyi mejupụtara ihe electron emission isi iyi, ihe electron osooso ike isi iyi, a crucible (na-emekarị a ọla kọpa crucible) , a magnetik ubi eriri igwe, na a jụrụ mmiri set, wdg Na ngwaọrụ a, ndị kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ ihe na-enịm ke a mmiri jụrụ crucible, na electron doo bombards naanị a nnọọ obere akụkụ nke a dị ala ihe onwunwe na-anọgide na-adị jụụ n'ime obere ihe, mgbe ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ dị jụụ n'ime ihe ndị fọdụrụ na okpomọkụ nke ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọ dị jụụ. crucible, nke a pụrụ iwere dị ka akụkụ nke ogbunigwe a gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ. Ya mere, usoro nke ọkụ ọkụ eletrik maka evaporation nwere ike izere mmetọ n'etiti ihe mkpuchi na ihe na-esi na evaporation.
Enwere ike kewaa ihe owuwu nke isi iyi evaporation eletrọn ụzọ atọ: egbe kwụ ọtọ (Boules egbe), egbe mgbanaka (electrically deflected) na e-egbe (magnetically deflected) . Enwere ike itinye otu crucibles ma ọ bụ karịa n'ime ebe a na-ekpofu ikuku, nke nwere ike ịpụpụ ma tinye ọtụtụ ihe dị iche iche n'otu oge ma ọ bụ iche.
Isi mmalite evaporation nke eletrọn nwere uru ndị a.
① The elu doo njupụta nke electron doo bombardment evaporation isi iyi nwere ike nweta a nnọọ ukwuu ike njupụta karịa eguzogide kpo oku isi iyi, nke nwere ike evaporate elu agbaze ebe ihe, dị ka W, Mo, Al2O3, wdg.
② A na-etinye ihe mkpuchi ahụ n'ime ihe mkpuchi ọla kọpa na-eme ka mmiri dị jụụ, nke nwere ike izere ikpochapụ nke ihe na-esi na mmiri evaporation, na mmeghachi omume n'etiti ha.
③ Enwere ike ịgbakwunye ọkụ ozugbo n'elu ihe mkpuchi, nke na-eme ka nrụpụta ọkụ dị elu na nkwụsị nke ikpo ọkụ ọkụ na ọkụ radieshon dị ala.
Mwepu nke electron doo kpo oku usoro bụ na ndị bụ isi electrons si eletrọn egbe na nke abụọ electrons si n'elu nke mkpuchi ihe ga-ionize na evaporating atọm na fọdụrụnụ gas molekul, nke ga-emetụta àgwà nke ihe nkiri mgbe ụfọdụ.
(3) Nnukwu ikuku induction ikpo ọkụ ọkụ
Ugboro ugboro induction ikpo ọkụ ọkụ bụ itinye crucible na ihe mkpuchi n'etiti etiti mkpuchi mkpuchi elu, nke mere na ihe mkpuchi ahụ na-emepụta ike eddy ugbu a na mmetụta hysteresis n'okpuru ntinye nke oghere electromagnetic dị elu, nke na-eme ka oyi akwa ihe nkiri na-ekpo ọkụ ruo mgbe ọ na-ekpo ọkụ ma na-ekpochapụ. Isi iyi evaporation na-enwekarị eriri igwe dị elu nke jụrụ oyi na graphite ma ọ bụ seramiiki (magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, boron oxide, wdg) crucible. Igwe ọkụ eletrik dị elu na-eji ugboro puku iri ruo ọtụtụ narị puku Hz, ike ntinye dị ọtụtụ na ọtụtụ narị kilowatts, obere olu nke ihe mkpuchi akpụkpọ ahụ, nke na-eme ka ugboro ugboro ntinye. A na-ejikarị eriri ọla kọpa mee ka mmiri dị jụụ ugboro ugboro.
Ọdịmma nke usoro evaporation kpo oku induction dị elu bụ na ọ dịghị mfe ịhazi ike ntinye, ọ nwere uru ndị a.
① Oke ikuku evaporation
②Okpomọkụ nke isi iyi nke evaporation bụ otu ma kwụsie ike, ya mere, ọ dịghị mfe ịmepụta ihe ngosi nke ntanye ntanye na-ekpuchi, ọ pụkwara izere ihe ngosi nke pinholes na ihe nkiri ahụ echekwara.
③ A na-ebufe isi iyi nke evaporation otu ugboro, na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị mfe ma dị mfe ịchịkwa.
Oge nzipu: Ọktoba 28-2022