ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka uhi ʻana

ʻO ka uhi hoʻoheheʻe ʻana (i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo evaporationcoating) aia i loko o kahi ʻenekini, ʻo ka evaporator i hoʻomehana ʻia i nā mea kiʻiʻoniʻoni e hana ai i ka gasification, ʻo ka evaporation mea kiʻiʻoniʻoni o ke kahawai ʻāpana pololei i ka substrate a me ka deposition substrate, ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka ʻenehana kiʻi paʻa. ʻO ka evaporation vacuum ka ʻenehana PVD i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻenehana kiʻiʻoniʻoni kūlanakauhale mua loa, ʻoiai ma hope o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka sputtering a me ka ion plating i nā ʻano he nui ma mua o ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka evaporation vacuum, akā he nui nā pono o ka ʻenehana kiʻiʻoniʻoni kūlanakauhale, e like me nā mea hana a me ke kaʻina hana maʻalahi, ʻo ka waiho ʻana o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni maʻemaʻe, akā hiki ke hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia. ʻO nā hemahema o kēia ʻano ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni me kahi ʻano crystalline, liʻiliʻi ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma ka substrate, a ʻaʻole maikaʻi ka hana hou ʻana.

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ma muli o ka electron bombardment evaporation, kiʻekiʻe-frequency induction evaporation, a me ka laser evaporation a me nā ʻenehana ʻē aʻe i ka ʻenehana hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka ʻenehana i ka hoʻohana maʻamau o ka ʻenehana, no laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia ʻenehana, a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mīkini, uila uila, lekiō, optics, atomic ikehu e ʻike i ke kūlanakauhale.