1. Izinga lokuhwamuka lizothinta izakhiwo zokugqoka okuhwamukile
Izinga lokuhwamuka linethonya elikhulu efilimini efakiwe. Ngenxa yokuthi isakhiwo sokumboza esakhiwe yizinga eliphansi lokumboza sikhululekile futhi kulula ukukhiqiza ukufakwa kwezinhlayiya ezinkulu, kuphephile kakhulu ukukhetha izinga eliphezulu lokuhwamuka ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kwesakhiwo sokumboza. Lapho ingcindezi yegesi esele ekamelweni le-vacuum ingaguquki, izinga lokuqhuma kwe-substrate liyinani elingaguquki. Ngakho-ke, igesi esele equkethwe efilimini efakiwe ngemuva kokukhetha izinga eliphezulu lokumboza lizoncishiswa, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukusabela kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwama-molecule egesi asele kanye nezinhlayiya zefilimu epheshukile. Ngakho-ke, ubumsulwa befilimu efakiwe bungathuthukiswa. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uma izinga lokumboza lishesha kakhulu, lingandisa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kwefilimu, lizokwandisa amaphutha efilimini, futhi lize liholele ekuqhekekeni kwefilimu. Ikakhulukazi, enkambisweni yokufakelwa kokuhwamuka okusebenzayo, ukuze igesi yokusabela isabela ngokugcwele ngezinhlayiya zezinto zefilimu yokuhwamuka, ungakhetha izinga eliphansi lokumboza. Yiqiniso, izinto ezahlukene zikhetha amazinga ahlukene okuhwamuka. Njengesibonelo esisebenzayo – ukufakwa kwefilimu ekhanyayo, Uma ubukhulu befilimu bungu-600×10-8cm futhi isikhathi sokuhwamuka singama-3s, ukubonakaliswa kungu-93%. Kodwa-ke, uma izinga lokuhwamuka liyehliswa ngaphansi kwesimo esifanayo sobukhulu, kuthatha imizuzu eyi-10 ukuqedela ukufakwa kwefilimu. Ngalesi sikhathi, ubukhulu befilimu buyafana. Kodwa-ke, ukubonakaliswa kwehle kwaya ku-68%.
2. Ukushisa kwe-subtrate kuzothinta ukumbozwa kokuhwamuka
Izinga lokushisa le-substrate linethonya elikhulu embozweni wokuhwamuka. Ama-molecule egesi asele afakwe ebusweni be-substrate ekushiseni okuphezulu kwe-substrate kulula ukuwasusa. Ikakhulukazi ukususwa kwama-molecule omhwamuko wamanzi kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, akulula nje ukukhuthaza ukuguqulwa kusuka ekufakweni ngokomzimba kuya ekufakweni kwamakhemikhali, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise amandla okubopha phakathi kwezinhlayiya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunganciphisa futhi umehluko phakathi kwezinga lokushisa lokuphinda kusetshenziswe kwama-molecule omhwamuko kanye nokushisa kwe-substrate, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe noma kuqedwe ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi esibonakalayo esisekelwe efilimini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngoba izinga lokushisa le-substrate lihlobene nesimo se-crystalline sefilimu, kuvame ukuba lula ukwakha izembozo ezingaguquki noma ezincane ze-crystalline ngaphansi kwesimo sokushisa okuphansi kwe-substrate noma ukungabikho kokushisa. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho izinga lokushisa liphezulu, kulula ukwakha izembozo ze-crystalline. Ukwandisa izinga lokushisa le-substrate nakho kuyasiza ekuthuthukiseni izakhiwo zemishini zezembozo. Yiqiniso, izinga lokushisa le-substrate akufanele libe phezulu kakhulu ukuvimbela ukuhwamuka kwezembozo.
3. Umfutho wegesi osele ekamelweni lokuhlanza uzothinta izakhiwo zefilimu
Ukucindezela kwegesi eseleyo ekamelweni le-vacuum kunethonya elikhulu ekusebenzeni kwe-membrane. Ama-molecule egesi eseleyo anomfutho ophezulu kakhulu awagcini nje ngokushayisana nezinhlayiya ezihwamukayo, okuzonciphisa amandla e-kinetic abantu abase-substrate futhi kuthinte ukunamathela kwefilimu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucindezela kwegesi eseleyo okuphezulu kakhulu kuzothinta kakhulu ubumsulwa befilimu futhi kunciphise ukusebenza kwengubo.
4. Umphumela wokushisa kokuhwamuka kokumbozwa kokuhwamuka
Umphumela wokushisa kokuhwamuka ekusebenzeni kwe-membrane uboniswa ukushintsha kwesilinganiso sokuhwamuka kanye nokushisa. Lapho izinga lokushisa lokuhwamuka liphezulu, ukushisa kokuhwamuka kuzoncipha. Uma izinto ze-membrane zihwamuka ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa lokuhwamuka, ngisho noshintsho oluncane ekushiseni lungabangela ushintsho olubukhali esilinganisweni sokuhwamuka kwezinto ze-membrane. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulawula izinga lokushisa lokuhwamuka ngokunembile ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwefilimu ukuze ugweme i-gradient enkulu yokushisa lapho umthombo wokuhwamuka ushiswa. Ukuze izinto zefilimu zibe lula ukuzishintsha, kubaluleke kakhulu futhi ukukhetha izinto ngokwazo njengesifudumezi sokuhwamuka nezinye izindlela.
5. Isimo sokuhlanza i-substrate kanye negumbi lokumboza sizothinta ukusebenza kokumboza
Umphumela wokuhlanzeka kwe-substrate kanye negumbi lokumboza ekusebenzeni kwengubo awunakunakwa. Ngeke nje kuthinte kakhulu ubumsulwa befilimu efakiwe, kodwa futhi kunciphise ukunamathela kwefilimu. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlanzwa kwe-substrate, ukwelashwa kokuhlanza kwegumbi lokumboza nge-vacuum kanye nezingxenye zalo ezihlobene (njengohlaka lwe-substrate) kanye nokususwa kwegesi ebusweni konke kuyizinqubo ezibalulekile enqubweni yokumboza nge-vacuum.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-28-2023