Ngexesha lokugquma nge-evaporation, i-nucleation kunye nokukhula komaleko wefilimu sisiseko setekhnoloji eyahlukeneyo yokugquma nge-ion
1. Ukuchithwa kweenyukliya
Initeknoloji yokwambathisa umphunga we-vacuum, emva kokuba amasuntswana efilimu ekhutshwe kumthombo womphunga ngendlela yeeathomu, abhabha ngqo kwi-workpiece kwi-vacuum ephezulu aze enze umaleko wefilimu nge-nucleation kunye nokukhula kumphezulu we-workpiece. Ngexesha lokuphuma komphunga nge-vacuum, amandla eeathomu zefilimu eziphuma kumthombo womphunga amalunga ne-0.2eV. Xa ukuhlangana phakathi kwamasuntswana efilimu kungaphezulu kwamandla okubopha phakathi kweeathomu zefilimu kunye ne-workpiece, kwakheka i-island nucleus. I-athomu yefilimu enye ihlala kumphezulu we-workpiece ixesha elide isenza intshukumo engaqhelekanga, ukusasazwa, ukufuduka, okanye ukungqubana nezinye iiathomu ukwenza amaqela eathomu. Inani leeathomu kwi-athomu cluster lifikelela kwixabiso elithile elibalulekileyo, kwakheka i-nucleus ezinzileyo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-homogeneous shaped nucleus.
igudileyo, kwaye iqulethe iziphene ezininzi kunye namanyathelo, nto leyo ebangela umahluko kumandla okufunxa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomsebenzi ukuya kwiiathom ze-radioactive. Amandla okufunxa kumphezulu wesiphene makhulu kunalawo omphezulu oqhelekileyo, ngoko ke iba yindawo esebenzayo, evumela i-nucleation ekhethekileyo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-nucleation engenazo zonke izinto. Xa amandla adibeneyo elingana namandla okufunxa, okanye amandla okufunxa phakathi kweeathom ze-membrane kunye nomsebenzi emakhulu kunamandla okufunxa phakathi kweeathom ze-membrane, ulwakhiwo lwe-lamellar lwenziwa. Kwiteknoloji yokufunxa i-ion, isiseko sesiqithi senziwa kwiimeko ezininzi.
2. Ukukhula
Nje ukuba umbindi wefilimu wenziwe, uyaqhubeka nokukhula ngokubamba iiathom zesiganeko. Ezi ziqithi ziyakhula kwaye zidibana ukuze zenze ii-hemispheres ezinkulu, ngokuthe ngcembe zenze umaleko wesiqithi ojikeleza phezu komphezulu wento yokusebenza.
Xa amandla e-athomu omaleko wefilimu ephezulu, inokusasaza ngokwaneleyo phezu komhlaba kwaye ifilimu eqhubekekayo egudileyo inokwenziwa xa amaqela e-athomu alandelayo engena emncinci. Ukuba ukusasazeka kwee-athomu phezu komhlaba kubuthathaka kwaye ubungakanani bamaqela agciniweyo bukhulu, zikhona njenge-penisular nuclei enkulu. Umphezulu wesiseko sesiqithi unefuthe elinamandla lomthunzi kwinxalenye edibeneyo, oko kukuthi "isiphumo somthunzi". Ukubonakala komphezulu kulungele ngakumbi ukubamba ii-athomu ezigciniweyo ezilandelayo kunye nokukhula okukhethekileyo, okubangela ukuba inqanaba elikhulayo lokuxinana kumphezulu lenze iikristale ze-conical okanye ze-columnar ezinobukhulu obaneleyo. Ii-voids ezingenayo zenziwa phakathi kweekristale ze-conical kwaye ixabiso loburhabaxa bomphezulu liyakhula. Izicubu ezincinci zinokufunyanwa kwi-vacuum ephezulu, ngokuncipha kwe-vacuum degree, isakhiwo se-microstructure ye-membrane siba sikhulu kwaye sityebe.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Meyi-24-2023