Munguva yekuputira kwemvura, kuumbwa kwemukati mefirimu uye kukura kwechikamu chefirimu ndizvo zvinoumba tekinoroji dzakasiyana dzekuvhara maion.
1. Kuparadza manyuchi
Intekinoroji yekuputira vacuum evaporation, mushure mekunge zvikamu zvechikamu chefirimu zvabviswa kubva panobva mhepo muchimiro chemaatomu, zvinobhururuka zvakananga kuchinhu chebasa mumhepo ine vacuum yakakwira uye zvinoumba chikamu chefirimu ne nucleation uye kukura pamusoro pechinhu chebasa. Munguva yekubuda kwemhepo, simba remaatomu echikamu chefirimu rinobuda kubva panobva mhepo rinosvika 0.2eV. Kana kubatana pakati pezvikamu zvechikamu chefirimu kwakakura kupfuura simba rekubatanidza pakati pemaatomu echikamu chefirimu nechinhu chebasa, zvinoumba nucleus yechitsuwa. Atomu imwe chete yechikamu chefirimu inogara pamusoro pechinhu chebasa kwenguva yakareba ichiita kufamba kusingawanzoitiki, kupararira, kufamba, kana kuroverana nemamwe maatomu kuti igadzire maatomu cluster. Huwandu hwemaatomu muchikamu cheatomu hunosvika pakukosha kwakakosha, nucleus yakagadzikana inoumbwa, inonzi nucleus yakaumbwa zvakafanana.
Yakatsetseka, uye ine zvikanganiso zvakawanda uye matanho, izvo zvinokonzera musiyano musimba rekunyungudutsa kwezvikamu zvakasiyana zvebasa rekushanda kune maatomu ane radioactive. Simba rekunyungudutsa pamusoro pechirema rakakura kupfuura repamusoro, saka rinova nzvimbo inoshanda, iyo inobatsira nucleation inosarudzwa, inonzi heterogeneous nucleation. Kana simba rekubatana rakaenzana nesimba rekusunga, kana simba rekubatanidza pakati pemaatomu emembrane nebasa rakawanda kupfuura simba rekubatana pakati pemaatomu emembrane, chimiro che lamellar chinoumbwa. Mu tekinoroji ye ion plating, island core inoumbwa muzviitiko zvakawanda.
2. Kukura
Kana chikamu chepakati chefirimu chaumbwa, chinoramba chichikura nekubata maatomu echiitiko. Zvitsuwa zvinokura uye zvinobatana kuti zvigadzire hemispheres hombe, zvishoma nezvishoma zvichigadzira chikamu chechitsuwa chehemispherical chinopararira pamusoro pechinhu chebasa.
Kana simba reatomu rechikamu chefirimu rakakwirira, rinogona kupararira zvakakwana pamusoro uye firimu rinoenderera mberi rakatsetseka rinogona kuumbwa kana maboka eatomu anotevera ari madiki. Kana kupararira kwemaatomu ari pamusoro kusina kusimba uye saizi yemaboka akachengetwa yakakura, anovapo semanyuchi makuru epenisular. Pamusoro pepakati pechitsuwa pane mhedzisiro yakasimba yemumvuri pachikamu chakakombama, ndiko kuti "mumvuri". Kuonekwa kwenzvimbo yacho kunobatsira zvikuru kubata maatomu akachengetwa anotevera uye kukura kwakakosha, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwekukwirirana pamusoro kuti kugadzire makristaro econical kana columnar ane saizi yakakwana. Maburi anopinda anoumbwa pakati pemakristaro econical uye kukosha kwekukwirira kwenzvimbo kunowedzera. Fine tissue inogona kuwanikwa pa high vacuum, nekudzikira kwe vacuum degree, microstructure ye membrane inokora uye inokora.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-24-2023