Iyo atome za membrane zitangiye gushyirwa mu mwanya wazo, ikoreshwa rya ion ritera ingaruka zikurikira ku gice cy’urukiramende/substrate.
(1) Kuvanga imiterere y'umubiri. Kubera iterwa rya iyoni rikoresha ingufu nyinshi, kunyuranamo kw'atomu zashyizwe mu bubiko no gusubira inyuma kw'atomu zo hejuru no gukubitana kw'ibintu bivanze, bizatuma ubuso bw'urukiramende/ishingiro ry'ibintu bya substrate n'ibigize urukiramende bidakwirakwira, iyi ngaruka yo kuvanga izafasha mu gushyiraho urukiramende/ishingiro ry'aho ibintu bihurira, ni ukuvuga urwego rw'impinduka hagati y'urukiramende/ishingiro, kugeza kuri mikoroni nke z'ubugari. Ubwinshi bwa mikorometero nke, aho ibice bishya bishobora kugaragara. Ibi ni byiza cyane mu kunoza imbaraga zo gufatana kw'urukiramende/ishingiro ry'aho ibintu bihurira.
(2) Kongera ikwirakwira ry’amazi. Ubusembwa bwinshi mu gace kegereye n’ubushyuhe bwinshi byongera umuvuduko wo gukwirakwira kw’amazi. Kubera ko ubuso ari inenge y’ingingo, iyoni ntoya zikunda kuyobya ubuso, kandi guterana kw’iyoni bigira ingaruka zo kongera ikwirakwira ry’amazi no kongera ikwirakwira ry’atomu zashyizwe hamwe n’iziri munsi y’ubutaka.
(3) Uburyo bwiza bwo guteranya imiterere y'uturemangingo. Imiterere ya atome ifatanye ku buso bw'uturemangingo iterwa n'imikoranire yayo n'imiterere yayo yo kwimuka ku buso. Iyo nta mikoranire ikomeye ibaho hagati ya atome ifatanye n'ubuso bw'uturemangingo, atome izakwirakwira ku buso kugeza igihe igize nuclei mu mwanya w'ingufu nyinshi cyangwa igahura n'izindi atome zikwirakwiza. Ubu buryo bwa nuclei bwitwa non-reactive nucleiation. Nubwo iya mbere yaba ari iyo mu buryo bwa nucleiation idakora, hakoreshejwe iron bombardment y'ubuso bw'uturemangingo bishobora guteza inenge nyinshi, byongera ubucucike bwa nucleiation, ibyo bikaba byorohereza cyane iremwa rya non-reactive nucleiation mode.
(4) Gukuraho atome zifatanye mu buryo budasanzwe. Gutera kw'atome zo hejuru bigenwa n'uko zifatanye mu buryo busanzwe, kandi gutera kwa iyoni ku buso bishobora gutuma atome zifatanye mu buryo buciriritse zisohoka. Iyi ngaruka igaragara cyane mu gushyiraho uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza no gukora imbuga.
(5) Kunoza uburyo bwo gutwikira ubuso no kunoza uburyo bwo gutwikira. Bitewe n'umuvuduko mwinshi wa gazi ikoreshwa mu gutwikira ion, atome zavuye mu mwuka cyangwa zirimo amazi zihura n'atome za gazi kugira ngo zongere gukwirakwira, bigatuma habaho imiterere myiza yo gutwikira.
–Iyi nkuru yasohotse nauruganda rukora imashini zikora imashini zikoresha umwuka ushyushyeGuangdong Zhenhua
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-09-2023