Ingqimba yefilimu emthonjeni wokuhwamuka kokushisa kokuhwamuka kungenza izinhlayiya ze-membrane ngesimo sama-athomu (noma ama-molecule) zibe sesikhala sesigaba segesi. Ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu komthombo wokuhwamuka, ama-athomu noma ama-molecule ebusweni be-membrane athola amandla anele ukunqoba ukungezwani kobuso futhi ahwamuke ebusweni. Lawa ma-athomu noma ama-molecule ahwamuke akhona esimweni segesi endaweni evalekile, okungukuthi isikhala sesigaba segesi. izinto zensimbi noma ezingezona ezensimbi.
Endaweni yokuhlanza umoya, izinqubo zokushisa nokuhwamuka kwezinto ze-membrane zingathuthukiswa. Indawo yokuhlanza umoya inciphisa umthelela wokucindezela komoya enqubweni yokuhwamuka, okwenza inqubo yokuhwamuka ibe lula ukuyenza. Lapho kucindezelwa umoya, izinto zidinga ukucindezelwa okukhulu ukuze kunqotshwe ukumelana negesi, kanti lapho kuvaliwe, lokhu kumelana kuncishiswa kakhulu, okwenza izinto zibe lula ukuhwamuka. Enqubweni yokugqoka ukuhwamuka, izinga lokushisa lokuhwamuka kanye nokucindezela komusi wezinto zomthombo wokuhwamuka kuyisici esibalulekile ekukhetheni izinto zomthombo wokuhwamuka. Ngengubo ye-Cd (Se, s), izinga lokushisa layo lokuhwamuka livame ukuba ku-1000 ~ 2000 ℃, ngakho-ke udinga ukukhetha izinto zomthombo wokuhwamuka ezinezinga lokushisa elifanele lokuhwamuka. Njenge-aluminium lapho izinga lokushisa lokuhwamuka komoya liyi-2400 ℃, kodwa ezimweni zokuhlanza umoya, izinga lokushisa layo lokuhwamuka lizokwehla kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi azikho ama-molecule asemoyeni ekuvinjelweni kwe-vacuum, ukuze ama-athomu e-aluminium noma ama-molecule angahwamuka kalula ebusweni. Lesi simo siyinzuzo ebalulekile yokugqoka ukuhwamuka komoya. Esimweni esingenamuntu, ukuhwamuka kwezinto zefilimu kuba lula ukuzenza, ukuze amafilimu amancane akheke emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Lokhu kushisa okuphansi kunciphisa ukungcoliswa kanye nokubola kwezinto, ngaleyo ndlela kusize ekulungiseleleni amafilimu asezingeni eliphezulu.
Ngesikhathi sokumbozwa kwe-vacuum, ingcindezi lapho umusi wezinto zefilimu ulingana khona endaweni eqinile noma ewuketshezi ibizwa ngokuthi ingcindezi yokugcwala komhwamuko kulelo zinga lokushisa. Lokhu kucindezela kubonisa ukulingana okuguquguqukayo kokuhwamuka nokugcwala komhwamuko ekushiseni okunikeziwe. Ngokuvamile, izinga lokushisa kwezinye izingxenye zegumbi lokugcwala liphansi kakhulu kunezinga lokushisa lomthombo wokuhwamuka, okwenza kube lula ukuthi ama-athomu noma ama-molecule e-membrane ahwamuko ahlangane kwezinye izingxenye zegumbi. Kulesi simo, uma izinga lokuhwamuka likhulu kunezinga lokugcwala komhwamuko, khona-ke ekulinganeni okuguquguqukayo ingcindezi yomhwamuko izofinyelela ingcindezi yokugcwala komhwamuko. Okusho ukuthi, kulokhu, inani lama-athomu noma ama-molecule ahwamukayo lilingana nenani elihwamukayo, futhi ukulingana okuguquguqukayo kufinyelelwa.
–Lesi sihloko sikhishwe yi-umenzi womshini wokumboza nge-vacuumI-Guangdong Zhenhua
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-27-2024