Umaleko wefilimu kumthombo wokufuma we-evaporation yokufudumeza ungenza amasuntswana e-membrane ngendlela yee-athomu (okanye iimolekyuli) abe kwindawo yesigaba segesi. Phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu bomthombo wokufuma, ii-athomu okanye iimolekyuli ezikumphezulu we-membrane zifumana amandla aneleyo okunqoba uxinzelelo lomphezulu kwaye ziphele kumphezulu. Ezi atomu okanye iimolekyuli eziphumayo zikhona kwimeko yegesi kwindawo yokufuma, oko kukuthi indawo yesigaba segesi. izinto zesinyithi okanye ezingezizo zesinyithi.
Kwimeko yokukhupha umoya, iinkqubo zokufudumeza kunye nokuphuma komoya kwizinto ze-membrane zinokuphuculwa. Indawo yokukhupha umoya inciphisa impembelelo yoxinzelelo lomoya kwinkqubo yokuphuma komoya, okwenza inkqubo yokuphuma komoya ibe lula ukuyenza. Kwimeko yoxinzelelo lomoya, izinto kufuneka zixinzelelwe kakhulu ukuze zoyise ukumelana negesi, ngelixa kwi-vacuum, olu xhathiso luncitshiswa kakhulu, okwenza izinto zibe lula ukuphuma. Kwinkqubo yokugquma umphunga, ubushushu bokuphuma komoya kunye noxinzelelo lomphunga wezinto zomthombo wokuphuma komoya yinto ebalulekileyo ekukhetheni izinto zomthombo wokuphuma komoya. Kwi-Cd (Se, s) coating, ubushushu bayo bokuphuma komoya buhlala bukwi-1000 ~ 2000 ℃, ngoko ke kufuneka ukhethe izinto zomthombo wokuphuma komoya ezinobushushu obufanelekileyo bokuphuma komoya. Njenge-aluminium kubushushu bokuphuma komoya boxinzelelo lomoya obuyi-2400 ℃, kodwa kwiimeko zokukhupha umoya, ubushushu bayo bokuphuma komoya buya kwehla kakhulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba akukho molecule zomoya kwindawo yokuthintela i-vacuum, ukuze ii-athomu ze-aluminium okanye iimolekyuli zinokuphuma lula kumphezulu. Le nto iluncedo olukhulu kwi-vacuum evaporation coating. Kwindawo engenamoya, ukufuma kwezinto zefilimu kuba lula ukuzenza, ukuze iifilimu ezincinci zenziwe kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi. Olu bushushu buphantsi lunciphisa i-oxidization kunye nokubola kwezinto, ngaloo ndlela lunegalelo ekulungiseleleni iifilimu ezikumgangatho ophezulu.
Ngexesha lokugquma nge-vacuum, uxinzelelo apho umphunga wezinto zefilimu ulingana khona kwi-solid okanye ulwelo lubizwa ngokuba yi-saturation vapor pressure kuloo bushushu. Olu xinzelelo lubonisa i-dynamic equilibrium yokufuma kunye ne-condensation kubushushu obuthile. Ngokwesiqhelo, ubushushu kwezinye iindawo zegumbi le-vacuum buphantsi kakhulu kunobushushu bomthombo wokufuma, okwenza kube lula ukuba ii-athomu ze-membrane okanye ii-molecules zifumbe kwezinye iindawo zegumbi. Kule meko, ukuba isantya sokufuma sikhulu kunesantya sokufuma, ngoko kwi-dynamic equilibrium uxinzelelo lomphunga luya kufikelela kuxinzelelo lomphunga wokufuma. Oko kukuthi, kule meko, inani lee-athomu okanye ii-molecules ezifumayo lilingana nenani elifumbayo, kwaye i-dynamic equilibrium ifikelelwe.
–Eli nqaku likhutshwe nguumenzi womatshini wokugquma nge-vacuumGuangdong Zhenhua
Ixesha leposi: Sep-27-2024