ʻO ka papa kiʻiʻoniʻoni i loko o ke kumu hoʻoheheʻe wai o ka hoʻoheheʻe wai hiki ke hana i nā ʻāpana membrane ma ke ʻano o nā ʻātoma (a i ʻole nā molekula) i loko o ka hakahaka kinoea. Ma lalo o ke ana wela kiʻekiʻe o ke kumu hoʻoheheʻe wai, loaʻa i nā ʻātoma a i ʻole nā molekula ma luna o ka ʻili o ka membrane ka ikehu lawa e lanakila ai i ka ʻili o ka ʻili a hoʻoheheʻe mai ka ʻili. Aia kēia mau ʻātoma a i ʻole nā molekula i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o kahi vacuum, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hakahaka kinoea. nā mea metala a i ʻole nā mea ʻaʻole metala.
I loko o kahi ʻano hakahaka, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia nā kaʻina hana hoʻomehana a me ka mahu o nā mea membrane. Hoʻemi ke ʻano hakahaka i ka hopena o ke kaomi lewa ma ke kaʻina mahu, e maʻalahi ai ke kaʻina hana mahu. I ke kaomi lewa, pono e hoʻokau ʻia ka mea i ke kaomi nui aʻe e lanakila ai i ke kū'ē ʻana o ke kinoea, ʻoiai i loko o kahi hakahaka, ua hoʻemi nui ʻia kēia kū'ē, e maʻalahi ai ka mahu o ka mea. I ke kaʻina hana uhi mahu, ʻo ka mahana mahu a me ke kaomi mahu o ka mea kumu mahu he mea nui ia i ke koho ʻana i ka mea kumu mahu. No ka uhi ʻana o Cd (Se, s), ʻo kona mahana mahu maʻamau i ka 1000 ~ 2000 ℃, no laila pono ʻoe e koho i ka mea kumu mahu me ka mahana mahu kūpono. E like me ka alumini ma ka mahana mahu o ke kaomi lewa o 2400 ℃, akā i nā kūlana hakahaka, e hāʻule nui kona mahana mahu. ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻaʻohe molekala lewa i loko o ka pale hakahaka, i hiki ai ke maʻalahi ka mahu ʻana o nā ʻātoma alumini a i ʻole nā molekala mai ka ʻili. He mea nui kēia hanana no ka uhi ʻana i ka mahu hakahaka. I loko o kahi lewa hakahaka, e maʻalahi ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana o ka mea ʻiliʻili, i hiki ai ke hana ʻia nā ʻiliʻili lahilahi ma nā mahana haʻahaʻa. Hoʻemi kēia mahana haʻahaʻa i ka oxidization a me ka decomposition o ka mea, a pēlā e kōkua ai i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā ʻiliʻili kiʻekiʻe.
I ka wā o ka uhi ʻana i ka vacuum, ʻo ke kaomi e kaulike ai nā mahu o ka mea kiʻiʻoniʻoni i loko o kahi paʻa a wai paha i kapa ʻia ʻo ke kaomi mahu saturation ma kēlā mahana. Hōʻike kēia kaomi i ke kaulike dynamic o ka evaporation a me ka condensation ma kahi mahana i hāʻawi ʻia. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka mahana ma nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke keʻena vacuum ma mua o ka mahana o ke kumu evaporation, kahi e maʻalahi ai i nā ʻātoma a i ʻole nā molekala membrane e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e hoʻopili ma nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke keʻena. I kēia hihia, inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka evaporation ma mua o ka nui o ka condensation, a laila i ke kaulike dynamic e hiki ke kaomi mahu i ke kaomi mahu saturation. ʻO ia hoʻi, i kēia hihia, ʻo ka helu o nā ʻātoma a i ʻole nā molekala e evaporating ana ua like ia me ka helu condensing, a ua hiki ke kaulike dynamic.
–Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia kēia ʻatikala emea hana mīkini uhi hakahakaGuangdong Zhenhua
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-27-2024