Ukwenziwa kwezixhobo zefilimu ebhityileyo ye-optical kwenziwa kwigumbi lokucoca, kwaye ukukhula kwefilimu yinkqubo encinci kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, okwangoku, iinkqubo ze-macroscopic ezinokulawulwa ngokuthe ngqo zezinye zezinto ze-macroscopic ezinobudlelwane obungathanga ngqo nomgangatho wefilimu. Nangona kunjalo, ngophando oluqhubekayo lovavanyo, abantu bafumene ubudlelwane obuqhelekileyo phakathi komgangatho wefilimu kunye nezi zinto ze-macro, eziye zaba yinkcazo yenkqubo yokukhokela ukwenziwa kwezixhobo zokuhamba ngefilimu, kwaye zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwenziweni kwezixhobo zefilimu ebhityileyo ye-optical ekumgangatho ophezulu.
1. Isiphumo sokugquma nge-vacuum
Impembelelo ye-vacuum degree kwiipropati zefilimu ibangelwa kukulahleka kwamandla kunye ne-chemical reaction ebangelwa kukungqubana kwegesi phakathi kwegesi eseleyo kunye nee-athomu zefilimu kunye nee-molecule. Ukuba i-vacuum degree iphantsi, amathuba okudibana phakathi kwee-molecules zomphunga wezinto zefilimu kunye nee-molecules zegesi eziseleyo ayanda, kwaye amandla e-kinetic ee-molecules zomphunga ayancipha kakhulu, okwenza ii-molecules zomphunga zingakwazi ukufikelela kwi-substrate, okanye zingakwazi ukugqobhoza kumaleko we-gas adsorption kwi-substrate, okanye zingakwazi ukugqobhoza kumaleko we-gas adsorption kodwa amandla e-adsorption kunye ne-substrate mancinci kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, ifilimu ebekwe zizixhobo ze-optical thin film iyakhululeka, uxinano lwe-accumulation luphantsi, amandla oomatshini aphantsi, ulwakhiwo lweekhemikhali alucocekanga, kwaye i-refractive index kunye nobunzima bomaleko wefilimu aphantsi.
Ngokubanzi, ngokwanda kwe-vacuum, ulwakhiwo lwefilimu luyaphucuka, ukwakheka kweekhemikhali kuba msulwa, kodwa uxinzelelo luyanda. Okukhona ubunyulu befilimu yesinyithi kunye nefilimu ye-semiconductor buphezulu, kokukhona zixhomekeke kwinqanaba le-vacuum, elifuna i-void ephezulu ethe ngqo. Iimpawu eziphambili zeefilimu ezichaphazeleka yi-vacuum degree yi-refractive index, i-scattering, amandla oomatshini kunye nokunganyibiliki.
2. Impembelelo yezinga lokufaka imali
Izinga lokufakwa kwefilimu yiparameter yenkqubo echaza isantya sokufakwa kwefilimu, ebonakaliswa bubukhulu befilimu eyenziwe phezu komphezulu weplati ngexesha leyunithi, kwaye iyunithi yi-nm·s-1.
Izinga lokufaka linempembelelo ecacileyo kwi-refractive index, ukuqina, amandla oomatshini, ukunamathela kunye noxinzelelo lwefilimu. Ukuba izinga lokufaka liphantsi, uninzi lweemolekyuli zomphunga ziyabuya kwi-substrate, ukwakheka kwee-nuclei zekristale kuhamba kancinci, kwaye ukufuma kungenziwa kuphela kwii-aggregates ezinkulu, ngaloo ndlela kwenza ulwakhiwo lwefilimu lube buthathaka. Ngokwanda kwezinga lokufaka, ifilimu encinci nexineneyo iya kwenziwa, ukusasazeka kokukhanya kuya kuncipha, kwaye ukuqina kuya kwanda. Ke ngoko, indlela yokukhetha ngokufanelekileyo izinga lokufaka ifilimu yingxaki ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuphuma komphunga, kwaye ukhetho oluthile kufuneka lumiselwe ngokwezinto zefilimu.
Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokuphucula izinga lokufakwa kwezinto: (1) indlela yokunyusa ubushushu bomthombo wokufuma (2) indlela yokwandisa indawo yomthombo wokufuma.
Ixesha leposi: Matshi-29-2024