Ukwenziwa kwezixhobo zefilimu ezicwebileyo zenziwa kwigumbi lokucoca, kwaye ukukhula komgangatho wefilimu yinkqubo encinci ye-microscopic. Nangona kunjalo, okwangoku, iinkqubo ze-macroscopic ezinokulawulwa ngokuthe ngqo zizinto ezithile ze-macroscopic ezinobudlelwane obungathanga ngqo kunye nomgangatho wefilimu. Nangona kunjalo, ngophando oluzingileyo lwexesha elide, abantu bafumene ubudlelwane obuqhelekileyo phakathi komgangatho wefilimu kunye nezi zinto zinkulu, eziye zaba yinkqubo yokukhokela ukwenziwa kwezixhobo zokuhamba zefilimu, kwaye idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwenziweni komgangatho ophezulu wefilimu optical optical izixhobo zefilimu.
1. Isiphumo se-vacuum plating
Impembelelo yesidanga se-vacuum kwiipropati zefilimu kungenxa yokulahlekelwa kwamandla kunye nokusabela kweekhemikhali okubangelwa ukungqubana kwesigaba segesi phakathi kwegesi eshiyekileyo kunye ne-athomu yefilimu kunye nama-molecule. Ukuba isidanga vacuum liphantsi, amathuba okudityaniswa phakathi iimolekyuli zomphunga wezinto ifilimu kunye iimolekyuli zerhasi eseleyo kwandisa, kwaye amandla kinetic iimolekyuli zomphunga kuncitshiswe kakhulu, okwenza iimolekyuli zomphunga zingakwazi ukufikelela kwi-substrate, okanye ayikwazi ukwaphula umaleko wegesi adsorption kwi-substrate ekwaziyo ukwaphula i-substrate, okanye i-gasrelying layer, amandla e-adsorption kunye ne-substrate encinci kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, ifilimu efakwe kwizixhobo zefilimu ezicwebileyo zikhululekile, ukuxinwa kokuqokelela kuphantsi, amandla omatshini ampofu, ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali akucocekanga, kwaye isalathiso se-refractive kunye nobunzima boluhlu lwefilimu luhluphekile.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngokunyuka kwe-vacuum, isakhiwo sefilimu siphuculwe, ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali kuba nyulu, kodwa uxinzelelo luyanda. Ukuphakama kokucoceka kwefilimu yensimbi kunye nefilimu ye-semiconductor, kungcono, zixhomekeke kwiqondo le-vacuum, elifuna i-void ephezulu ngqo. Iimpawu eziphambili zeefilimu ezichatshazelwa yi-vacuum degree yi-index refractive index, ukusabalalisa, amandla omatshini kunye nokungabi namanzi.
2. Impembelelo yomlinganiselo wokubekwa
Isantya sokubeka yinkqubo yeparameter echaza isantya sokubeka ifilimu, ebonakaliswa bubunzima befilimu eyenziwe kumphezulu weplating ngexesha leyunithi, kwaye iyunithi ngu-nm·s-1.
Ireyithi yokubeka inefuthe elicacileyo kwisalathiso se-refractive, ukuqina, amandla omatshini, ukunamathela kunye noxinzelelo lwefilimu. Ukuba izinga lokubeka liphantsi, ininzi yeamolekyu zomphunga zibuya kwi-substrate, ukubunjwa kwe-crystal nuclei kuhamba kancane, kwaye i-condensation inokuqhutyelwa kuphela kwii-aggregates ezinkulu, ngaloo ndlela yenza isakhiwo sefilimu sikhululeke. Ngokunyuka kwezinga lokubeka, ifilimu ecocekileyo kunye ne-dense iya kwenziwa, ukusabalalisa ukukhanya kuya kuncipha, kwaye ukuqina kuya kwanda. Ngoko ke, indlela yokukhetha ngokufanelekileyo isantya sokubekwa kwefilimu ngumba obalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuphuma komphunga, kwaye ukhetho oluthile kufuneka lugqitywe ngokwezinto zefilimu.
Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokuphucula iqondo lokubeka: (1) ukonyusa indlela yobushushu bomthombo womoya ophuphumayo (2) ukwandisa indlela yomthombo wobushushu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-29-2024