1. Ko te Chromium whāinga He ngāwari noa te whakakotahi i te Chromium hei rauemi kiriata pupuhi me te papa me te piri teitei, engari he pai ake hoki te chromium me te waikura hei whakaputa i te kiriata CrO3, ko ōna āhuatanga miihini, te ātete waikawa, me te pumau wera. Hei tāpiri, ko te chromium i roto i te waikura kāore i oti...
1. Ko te hangarau whakatakotoranga āwhina hihi katote e tohuhia ana e te piri kaha i waenga i te kiriuhi me te papa, he tino kaha te paparanga kiriuhi. E whakaatu ana ngā whakamātautau: ko te whakatakotoranga āwhina hihi katote o te piri i piki ake i te piri o te whakatakotoranga kohu wera i ngā wā maha ki te rau...
I roto i te tukanga paninga ruperupe, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā matū hei whāinga mō te whakarite i ngā kiriata i hangaia i roto i te matū. Heoi, ko te hanganga o te kiriata i hangaia i muri i te ruperupe o te rauemi whāinga he maha ngā wā ka tino rerekē mai i te hanganga taketake o te rauemi whāinga, ā, nō reira...
Ka rerekē te tauwehenga pāmahana ātete kiriata whakarewa i runga i te matotoru o te kiriata, he kino ngā kiriata angiangi, he pai ngā kiriata matotoru, ā, he rite ngā kiriata matotoru engari kāore i te ōrite ki ngā rauemi papatipu. I te nuinga o te wā, ka huri te tauwehenga pāmahana ātete o te ātete mai i te kino ki te p...
③ Te kounga teitei o te paninga I te mea ka taea e te pupuhi katote te whakapai ake i te kiato o te membrane, te whakapai ake i te hanganga whakahaere o te membrane, kia pai ai te ōritetanga o te paparanga membrane, kia matotoru te whakaritenga whakakikorua, kia iti ake ngā kōhao iti me ngā mirumiru, kia pai ake ai te kounga o te membrane l...
Ki te whakatauritea ki te whakakikorua mimiti me te whakakikorua ruperupe, ko te āhuatanga tino nui o te whakakikorua katote ko te pupuhi a ngā katote pūngao i te papa me te paparanga kiriata i te wā e whakatakotoranga ana. Ko te pupuhi o ngā katote kua utua ka puta he raupapa o ngā pānga, ko te nuinga e whai ake nei. ① Kiriuhi / turanga...
Ka whakamahia e te taputapu paninga magnetron motuhake mō te kiriata tae te mana o te papa aukume hei whakahaere tika i te whakatakotoranga o ngā rauemi paninga ki runga i te papa kiriata. Mā tēnei hangarau auaha ka taea te ōrite me te ōritetanga kore e rite i te wā o te tukanga paninga, ka hua ake he kounga teitei...
Ka whakamahia e te mīhini paninga wati te tukanga whakapūtanga kohu ā-tinana (PVD) hei pani i tētahi kiriata angiangi o te rauemi paninga ki ngā wāhanga wati. Ka whakaratohia e te tikanga he piri pai, he hipoki ōrite me te maha o ngā kōwhiringa paninga tae atu ki te konganuku, te uku me te waro rite-taimana. Nō reira, w...
He hangarau hou te mīhini paninga kiriata ātete-waikura e whakarato ana i tētahi paparanga tiaki hei ārai i te waikura me te whakapai ake i te pakari me te roa o te ora o ngā wāhanga whakarewa. Ka pania e tēnei mīhini he paninga kiriata angiangi ki te mata o ngā rauemi, ka hangaia he ārai ki te waikura ...
Mā te whakauru i ngā hangarau matatau ki roto i ngā rama hou ka tino whakapai ake i tā rātou mahi me te whai huatanga. Heoi anō, ka ngāwari ake hoki rātou ki te pakaru mai i ngā āhuatanga o waho. Nō reira, hei tiaki i ēnei rawa utu nui me te whakanui ake i tō rātou roa mahi, ka...
I te whanaketanga haere o te paninga pupuhi, inā koa te hangarau paninga pupuhi magnetron, i tēnei wā, ka taea te whakarite mō tetahi rauemi mā te kiriata ūnga pupuhi katote, nā te mea ka pupuhi te ūnga i roto i te tukanga paninga ki tētahi momo papa, ko te kounga o te ine ...
I roto i ngā purongo hou, kua piki haere te hiahia mō ngā hua kowiri tira nā tōna ātete pai ki te waikura me tōna ataahua hou. Nō reira, kei te rapu tonu ngā kaihanga i ngā tikanga hou me ngā tikanga whakapai ake mō te paninga kowiri tira kia tutuki ai ngā hiahia o te mākete e tipu haere ana. Koinei te...
He whanaketanga nui te whakarewatanga o te mīhini paninga korehau koura matua i roto i te ao hangarau paninga mata. I ngā wā o mua, he tukanga uaua, he utu nui hoki te tono paninga koura e hiahia ana ki ngā taputapu motuhake me ngā tohunga hangarau mohio. Heoi, e oati ana tēnei mīhini hou...
(4) Rauemi ūnga. Ko te rauemi ūnga te mea nui ki te paninga pupuhi, i te nuinga o te wā, mena ka tutuki i te rauemi ūnga ngā whakaritenga, ā, me tino whakahaere i ngā tawhā tukanga kia whiwhi ai i te paparanga kiriata. Ko ngā poke i roto i te rauemi ūnga me ngā waikura mata me ētahi atu matū poke...