Nā mea hana a me nā mīkini e pili ana i ka maikaʻi o nā mea kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi (Mahele 1)

Hana ʻia ka hana ʻana i nā mea kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻoniʻoni optical i loko o kahi keʻena vacuum, a ʻo ka ulu ʻana o ka papa kiʻiʻoniʻoni he hana microscopic. Eia naʻe, i kēia manawa,ʻo nā kaʻina hana macroscopic hiki ke hoʻomalu ponoʻia kekahi mau mea macroscopic i loaʻa ka pilina piliʻole me ka maikaʻi o ka papa kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Eia nō naʻe, ma o ka noiʻi hoʻokolohua hoʻomau lōʻihi, ua ʻike ka poʻe i ka pilina maʻamau ma waena o ka maikaʻi o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me kēia mau mea macro, i lilo i mea kikoʻī kaʻina e alakaʻi ai i ka hana ʻana i nā mea huakaʻi huakaʻi kiʻiʻoniʻoni, a ke pāʻani nei i kahi hana koʻikoʻi i ka hana ʻana i nā mea kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi optical kiʻekiʻe.

1. ʻO ka hopena o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana

ʻO ka mana o ka ʻenekema ma luna o nā waiwai o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma muli o ka nalowale o ka ikehu a me ka hopena kemika ma muli o ka hui ʻana o ke kinoea ma waena o ke koena kinoea a me nā ʻātoma kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me nā mole. Inā he haʻahaʻa ka mānoanoa degere, piʻi ka likelika o ka hui ʻana ma waena o nā molekele mahu o ka mea kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me nā molekele kinoea i koe, a ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ka ikehu kinetic o nā molekele mahu, e hiki ʻole ai i nā molekole mahu ke hiki i ka substrate, a i ʻole hiki ke uhaʻi i ka papa adsorption gas ma ka substrate, a i ʻole hiki ʻole i ka adsorption ke wāwahi i ka substrate me ka ikehu. liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka hopena, ua hemo ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni i waiho ʻia e nā mea kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻoniʻoni, haʻahaʻa ka nui o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, maikaʻi ʻole ka ikaika mechanical, ʻaʻole maʻemaʻe ka haku mele ʻana, a ʻilihune ka helu refractive a me ka paʻakikī o ka papa kiʻiʻoniʻoni.

ʻO ka mea maʻamau, me ka piʻi ʻana o ka vacuum, hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ke ʻano o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni, maʻemaʻe ka haku mele, akā piʻi ke kaumaha. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻemaʻe o ke kiʻi metala a me ke kiʻi semiconductor, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ke hilinaʻi nei lākou i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka vacuum, kahi e koi ai i kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā waiwai nui o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni i hoʻopili ʻia e ka vacuum degree he refractive index, scattering, mechanical strength and insolubility.
2. Ka hopena o ka helu deposition

ʻO ka helu hoʻopaʻa ʻana he ʻano kaʻina hana e wehewehe ana i ka wikiwiki o ka waiho ʻana o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni, i hōʻike ʻia e ka mānoanoa o ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni i hana ʻia ma luna o ka ʻili o ka plating i ka manawa hui, a ʻo ka ʻāpana ʻo nm·s-1.

Loaʻa ka mana o ka deposition rate i ka refractive index, paʻa, ikaika mechanical, adhesion a me ke kaumaha o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Inā haʻahaʻa ka helu deposition, hoʻi ka hapa nui o nā molekala mahu mai ka substrate, ua lohi ka hana ʻana o ka nuclei aniani, a hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka condensation ma nā aggregates nui, no laila e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke ʻano o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Me ka piʻi ʻana o ka helu deposition, e hoʻokumu ʻia kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni maikaʻi a paʻa, e emi ana ka lūlū māmā, a e piʻi ka paʻa. No laila, pehea e koho pono ai i ka helu deposition kiʻiʻoniʻoni he mea koʻikoʻi i ka hana evaporation, a pono e hoʻoholo ʻia ke koho kikoʻī e like me ka mea kiʻiʻoniʻoni.

ʻElua mau ala e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka helu deposition: (1) hoʻonui i ke ʻano wela kumu e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia (2) hoʻonui i ke ʻano wahi kumu evaporation.