Isilivere yayikhe yayeyona imathiriyeli yentsimbi ixhaphakileyo de kwaphakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1930s, xa yayiyeyona nto iphambili ebonakalisa ifilimu kwizixhobo ezichanekileyo zokubona izinto, ngokwesiqhelo zifakwe kulwelo. Indlela yokufakwa kweekhemikhali elulwelo yayisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa izibuko zokusetyenziswa kulwakhiwo, kwaye kwesi sicelo kwasetyenziswa umaleko obhityileyo wetoti ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ifilimu yesilivere ibotshelelwe kumphezulu weglasi, owawukhuselwe ngokudityaniswa koqweqwe lwangaphandle lobhedu. Kwizicelo zangaphandle zangaphandle, isilivere isabela nge-oksijini emoyeni kwaye ilahlekelwa ukukhanya kwayo ngenxa yokubunjwa kwe-sulfide yesilivere. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokukhanya okuphezulu kwefilimu yesilivere emva nje kokubekwa kunye nenyaniso yokuba isilivere iphuphuma ngokulula, isasetyenziswa njengento eqhelekileyo yokusetyenziswa kwexesha elifutshane lamacandelo. Isilivere nayo isetyenziswa rhoqo kumacandelo afuna iingubo zexeshana, ezifana neepleyiti ze-interferometer ukujonga ukucaca. Kwicandelo elilandelayo, siya kujongana ngokupheleleyo neefilimu zesilivere ezineengubo zokukhusela.
Ngeminyaka yee-1930, uJohn Strong, uvulindlela kwizipili zeenkwenkwezi, watshintsha iifilimu zesilivere ezenziwe ngemichiza kunye neefilimu ze-aluminiyam ezigqunywe ngumphunga.
I-Aluminiyam yeyona isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo isinyithi kwi-plating mirrors ngenxa yokulula kwayo ukuphuphuma, i-ultraviolet enhle, ebonakalayo, kunye ne-infrared reflectivity, kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukubambelela ngamandla kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka iiplastiki. Nangona umaleko obhityileyo we-oksidi uhlala umi kumphezulu wezibuko ze-aluminiyam ngokukhawuleza emva kokutyalwa, okunceda ukuthintela ukubola okungaphezulu kwesipili, ukubonakaliswa kwezipili ze-aluminiyam kusehla kancinci ngexesha lokusetyenziswa. Oku kungenxa yokuba ekusetyenzisweni, ngakumbi ukuba isibuko se-aluminiyam sibonakaliswe ngokupheleleyo kumsebenzi wangaphandle, uthuli kunye nokungcola ngokuqinisekileyo kuqokelelwa kumphezulu wesibuko, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe ukubonakaliswa. Ukusebenza kwezixhobo ezininzi akuchatshazelwa kakhulu kukuhla okuncinci kokubonakalisa. Nangona kunjalo, kwezo meko apho injongo kukuqokelela ubuninzi bokukhanya kwamandla okukhanya, kuba kunzima ukucoca izibuko ze-aluminium ngaphandle kokonakalisa umaleko wefilimu, iinxalenye ezidibeneyo ziphinda zifakwe kwakhona. Oku kusebenza ngakumbi kwiiteleskopu ezinkulu ezibonisa ukukhanya. Ngenxa yokuba izibuko eziphambili zikhulu kakhulu kwaye zinzima, izibuko eziphambili zeteleskopu zidla ngokuphinda zifakwe ngonyaka kunye nomatshini wokugquma ofakwe ngokukodwa kwindawo yokuhlola, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo azijikeleziswanga ngexesha lokuphuma komphunga, kodwa kunokuba kusetyenziswe imithombo emininzi yokunyuka komphunga ukuqinisekisa ukufana kobunzima befilimu. I-aluminiyam isasetyenziswa kwiiteleskopu ezininzi namhlanje, kodwa ezinye zeeteleskopu ezintsha zifakwe umphunga ngeefilimu zetsimbi eziphambili ezibandakanya i-coating yokukhusela yesilivere.
Igolide mhlawumbi yeyona nto ilungileyo yokubeka iifilimu ezibonisa i-infrared. Ekubeni ukubonakaliswa kweefilimu zegolide kuncipha ngokukhawuleza kummandla obonakalayo, ekusebenzeni iifilimu zegolide zisetyenziswa kuphela kwi-wavelengths ngaphezu kwe-700 nm. Xa igolide ifakwe kwiglasi, yenza ifilimu ethambileyo esengozini yokonakala. Nangona kunjalo, igolide ibambelela ngokuqinileyo kwi-chromium okanye i-nickel-chromium (iifilimu ezixhathisayo eziqulethe i-80% yenickel kunye ne-20% ye-chromium) iifilimu, ngoko ke i-chromium okanye i-nickel-chromium isoloko isetyenziswa njenge-spacer layer phakathi kwefilimu yegolide kunye ne-substrate yeglasi.
I-Rhodium (Rh) kunye ne-platinum (Pt) i-reflection iphantsi kakhulu kunezinye isinyithi ezikhankanywe ngasentla, kwaye zisetyenziselwa kuphela kwiimeko apho kukho iimfuno ezikhethekileyo zokumelana nokubola. Zombini iifilimu zetsimbi zibambelela ngokuqinileyo kwiglasi. Izipili zamazinyo zihlala ziqatywe ngerhodium kuba zichanabeka kwiimeko ezimbi kakhulu zangaphandle kwaye kufuneka zicocwe bubushushu. Ifilimu ye-Rhodium iphinda isetyenziswe kwizibuko zezinye iimoto, ezihlala zizibonisi zangaphambili ezingaphandle kwemoto, kwaye zichaphazeleka kwimozulu, iinkqubo zokucoca, kunye nokunyamekela ngakumbi xa ucoca unyango. Amanqaku angaphambili aqaphele ukuba inzuzo yefilimu ye-rhodium kukuba inika uzinzo olungcono kunefilimu ye-aluminium.
–Eli nqaku likhutshwa nguumenzi womatshini wokugqumaGuangdong Zhenhua
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-27-2024