I mua, ko te hiriwa te mea whakarewa tino rongonui tae noa ki waenganui o te tekau tau atu i 1930, i te wā i whakamahia ai te kiriata whakaata matua mō ngā taputapu whatu tino tika, he mea whakakikorua ki te wai. I whakamahia te tikanga whakakikorua matū wai hei hanga whakaata mō te whakamahinga i roto i te hoahoanga, ā, i roto i tēnei tono i whakamahia he paparanga tine tino angiangi hei whakarite kia piri te kiriata hiriwa ki te mata karāhe, i tiakina mā te tāpiri i te paparanga parahi o waho. I roto i ngā tono mata o waho, ka tauhohe te hiriwa ki te hāora i te rangi, ā, ka ngaro tōna kanapa nā te hanganga o te hiriwa sulfide. Heoi, nā te kaha whakaata o te kiriata hiriwa i muri tata mai i te whakakikoruatanga me te mea he tino ngāwari te mimiti o te hiriwa, kei te whakamahia tonutia hei rauemi noa mō te whakamahinga poto o ngā wāhanga. He maha hoki te whakamahinga o te hiriwa i roto i ngā wāhanga e hiahia ana ki ngā paninga rangitahi, pērā i ngā pereti interferometer hei tirotiro i te papatahi. I te wāhanga e whai ake nei, ka aro nui atu tātou ki ngā kiriata hiriwa me ngā paninga tiaki.
I ngā tau 1930, i whakakapia e John Strong, he paionia i roto i ngā whakaata whetū, ngā kiriata hiriwa i hangaia mā te matū ki ngā kiriata konumohe kua pania ki te kohu.
Ko te konumohe te konganuku e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te whakakikorua i ngā whakaata nā te mea he ngāwari ki te mimiti, he pai te whakaata ultraviolet, te whakaata kitea, me te whakaata infrared, me tōna kaha ki te piri kaha ki te nuinga o ngā rauemi, tae atu ki ngā kirihou. Ahakoa he paparanga waikura angiangi tonu e puta ana i runga i te mata o ngā whakaata konumohe i muri tonu i te whakakikoruatanga, e āwhina ana ki te aukati i te waikura o te mata whakaata, ka heke haere tonu te whakaata o ngā whakaata konumohe i te wā e whakamahia ana. Nā te mea i te wā e whakamahia ana, inā koa ka kitea katoatia te whakaata konumohe ki ngā mahi o waho, ka kohia te puehu me te paru ki runga i te mata whakaata, ā, ka whakaitihia te whakaata. Kāore te mahi a te nuinga o ngā taputapu e tino pāngia e te hekenga iti o te whakaata. Heoi, i roto i ngā take e kohia ai te nui o te kaha mārama, nā te mea he uaua ki te horoi i ngā whakaata konumohe me te kore e kino te paparanga kiriata, ka whakakikoruatia ngā wāhanga whakakikoruatia i ia wā. Ka pā tēnei ki ngā karu whakaata nui. Nā te mea he nui rawa, he taumaha hoki ngā whakaata matua, ka pania anō ngā whakaata matua o te karu tiro i ia tau ki tētahi mīhini paninga kua tāutahia ki roto i te whare tirotiro, ā, kāore e hurihia i te wā e mimiti ana, engari ka whakamahia ngā pūtake mimiti maha hei whakarite kia ōrite te matotoru o te kiriata. Kei te whakamahia tonutia te konumohe i roto i te nuinga o ngā karu tiro i ēnei rā, engari ko ētahi o ngā karu tiro hou ka mimitihia ki ngā kiriata whakarewa matatau ake kei roto he paninga tiaki hiriwa.
Ko te koura pea te rauemi pai rawa atu mō te whakakikorua i ngā kiriata whakaata infrared. Nā te mea ka tere te heke o te whakaata o ngā kiriata koura i te rohe e kitea ana, i roto i te mahi ka whakamahia noa ngā kiriata koura i ngā roangaru neke atu i te 700 nm. Ina whakakikoruatia te koura ki te karāhe, ka hangaia he kiriata ngohengohe ka ngawari ki te pakaru. Heoi, ka piri kaha te koura ki ngā kiriata chromium, nickel-chromium rānei (ngā kiriata ātete kei roto te 80% nickel me te 20% chromium), nō reira ka whakamahia pinepinetia te chromium, te nickel-chromium rānei hei paparanga wehewehe i waenganui i te kiriata koura me te papa karāhe.
He iti iho te whakaata o te Rhodium (Rh) me te platinum (Pt) i ngā konganuku kē atu kua whakahuatia i runga ake nei, ā, ka whakamahia anake i ngā wā e hiahiatia ana he ātete ki te waikura. Ka piri pūmau ngā kiriata konganuku e rua ki te karāhe. He maha ngā wā ka pania ngā whakaata niho ki te rhodium nā te mea ka pāngia e ngā āhuatanga kino o waho, ā, me whakahoromata e te wera. Ka whakamahia hoki te kiriata rhodium i roto i ngā whakaata o ētahi motuka, he maha ngā wā he whakaata mata o mua kei waho o te motuka, ā, ka pāngia e te huarere, ngā tukanga horoi, me te tino tupato i te wā e horoia ana. I kōrerohia i roto i ngā tuhinga o mua ko te painga o te kiriata rhodium he pai ake te pumau i te kiriata konumohe.
–Nā tekaihanga mīhini paninga korehauGuangdong Zhenhua
Wā tuku: Hepetema-27-2024