Azurfa ta kasance kayan ƙarfe da aka fi amfani da su a da har zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1930, lokacin da ita ce babban kayan fim mai haske don kayan aikin gani masu inganci, waɗanda galibi ana lulluɓe su da sinadarai a cikin ruwa. An yi amfani da hanyar lulluɓe sinadarai masu ruwa don samar da madubai don amfani a cikin gine-gine, kuma a cikin wannan aikace-aikacen an yi amfani da siririn tin don tabbatar da cewa an haɗa fim ɗin azurfa da saman gilashi, wanda aka kare ta hanyar ƙara wani Layer na jan ƙarfe na waje. A aikace-aikacen saman waje, azurfar tana amsawa da iskar oxygen a cikin iska kuma tana rasa haskenta saboda samuwar azurfa sulfide. Duk da haka, saboda yawan hasken fim ɗin azurfa jim kaɗan bayan an lulluɓe shi da kuma gaskiyar cewa azurfa tana ƙafewa cikin sauƙi, har yanzu ana amfani da shi azaman kayan gama gari don amfani da kayan haɗin na ɗan lokaci. Hakanan ana amfani da azurfa sau da yawa a cikin abubuwan da ke buƙatar rufin wucin gadi, kamar faranti na interferometer don duba lanƙwasa. A cikin sashe na gaba, za mu yi cikakken bayani game da fina-finan azurfa tare da murfin kariya.
A shekarun 1930, John Strong, wani majagaba a cikin madubai masu ilmin taurari, ya maye gurbin fina-finan azurfa da aka samar ta hanyar sinadarai da fina-finan aluminum masu rufi da tururi.
Aluminum ita ce ƙarfe da aka fi amfani da shi don yin rufi a madubai saboda sauƙin ƙafewa, kyawun hasken ultraviolet, hasken da ake iya gani, da kuma hasken infrared, da kuma ikon mannewa da yawa ga yawancin kayan aiki, gami da robobi. Duk da cewa siririn Layer na oxide koyaushe yana samuwa a saman madubai na aluminum nan da nan bayan an yi rufi, wanda ke taimakawa wajen hana ƙarin tsatsa a saman madubi, hasken madubai na aluminum har yanzu yana raguwa a hankali yayin amfani. Wannan saboda a lokacin amfani, musamman idan madubin aluminum ya fallasa ga aikin waje, ƙura da datti ba makawa suna taruwa a saman madubi, don haka rage hasken. Aikin yawancin kayan aiki ba shi da tasiri sosai sakamakon ɗan raguwar hasken. Duk da haka, a waɗannan lokutan da manufar ita ce tattara matsakaicin adadin kuzarin haske, tunda yana da wuya a tsaftace madubai na aluminum ba tare da lalata layin fim ɗin ba, ana sake yin rufi a sassan da aka yi rufi lokaci-lokaci. Wannan ya shafi musamman ga manyan na'urorin hangen nesa. Saboda manyan madubai suna da girma sosai kuma suna da nauyi, manyan madubai na na'urar hangen nesa galibi ana sake shafa musu fenti kowace shekara da injin rufewa da aka sanya musamman a cikin ɗakin kallo, kuma yawanci ba a juya su yayin fitar da iska, amma ana amfani da hanyoyin fitar da iska da yawa don tabbatar da daidaiton kauri na fim ɗin. Har yanzu ana amfani da aluminum a yawancin na'urorin hangen nesa a yau, amma wasu daga cikin sabbin na'urorin hangen nesa ana tururi su da fina-finan ƙarfe masu ci gaba waɗanda suka haɗa da murfin kariya na azurfa.
Zinariya wataƙila ita ce mafi kyawun kayan da za a yi amfani da su wajen shafa fina-finan infrared masu haske. Tunda hasken fina-finan zinariya yana raguwa da sauri a yankin da ake iya gani, a aikace ana amfani da fina-finan zinariya ne kawai a tsawon tsayi sama da 700 nm. Lokacin da aka shafa zinare a kan gilashi, yana samar da fim mai laushi wanda zai iya lalacewa. Duk da haka, zinari yana manne sosai da fina-finan chromium ko nickel-chromium (fina-finan juriya waɗanda ke ɗauke da kashi 80% na nickel da kashi 20% na chromium), don haka sau da yawa ana amfani da chromium ko nickel-chromium azaman Layer mai sarari tsakanin fim ɗin zinariya da abin da ke ƙarƙashin gilashi.
Hasken Rhodium (Rh) da na platinum (Pt) sun yi ƙasa da sauran ƙarfe da aka ambata a sama, kuma ana amfani da su ne kawai a waɗannan lokutan da akwai buƙatu na musamman don juriya ga tsatsa. Duk fina-finan ƙarfe suna manne da gilashin sosai. Madubin haƙori galibi ana shafa su da rhodium saboda suna fuskantar mummunan yanayi na waje kuma dole ne a tsaftace su da zafi. Ana kuma amfani da fim ɗin Rhodium a cikin madubin wasu motoci, waɗanda galibi sune masu haskakawa a gaban mota, kuma suna da sauƙin kamuwa da yanayi, hanyoyin tsaftacewa, da ƙarin kulawa yayin yin maganin tsaftacewa. Labarai na baya-bayan nan sun lura cewa fa'idar fim ɗin Rhodium ita ce yana ba da kwanciyar hankali mafi kyau fiye da fim ɗin aluminum.
– An fitar da wannan labarin ne dagainjin shafa injin injinGuangdong Zhenhua
Lokacin Saƙo: Satumba-27-2024