Sirivha yaimbova chinhu chesimbi chainyanya kushandiswa kusvika pakati pemakore ekuma1930, apo yaive chinhu chikuru chefirimu reflective firimu rekushandisa michina chaiyo ye optical, inowanzo putirwa nemakemikari mumvura. Nzira ye liquid chemical plating yakashandiswa kugadzira magirazi ekushandisa mukuvaka, uye mukushandisa uku, tin yakatetepa yakashandiswa kuona kuti sirivha yakabatana negirazi, iyo yaidzivirirwa nekuwedzera jira rekunze remhangura. Mukushandiswa kwekunze, sirivha inosangana neokisijeni mumhepo uye inorasikirwa nechiedza chayo nekuda kwekuumbwa kwesilver sulfide. Zvisinei, nekuda kwe reflectivity yakanyanya yefirimu resirivha mushure mekuputirwa uye chokwadi chekuti sirivha inopwa nyore nyore, ichiri kushandiswa sechinhu chakajairika chekushandisa kwenguva pfupi zvinhu. Sirivha inowanzo shandiswawo muzvikamu zvinoda machira echinguvana, senge ma interferometer plates ekutarisa kuti flat. Muchikamu chinotevera, tichabata zvizere nemafirimu esirivha ane machira ekudzivirira.
Mumakore ekuma1930, John Strong, piyona wezvioni zvenyeredzi, akatsiva mafirimu esirivha akagadzirwa nemakemikari nemafirimu earuminiyamu akaputirwa nemhepo.
Aruminiyamu ndiyo simbi inonyanya kushandiswa pakuputira magirazi nekuda kwekureruka kwayo kubuda mumhepo, ultraviolet yakanaka, inoonekwa, uye infrared reflectivity, uye kugona kwayo kunamira zvakasimba kune zvakawanda zvinhu, kusanganisira mapurasitiki. Kunyangwe chidimbu che oxide chakatetepa chichigara chichiumbwa pamusoro pemagirazi ealuminium mushure mekuputira, izvo zvinobatsira kudzivirira ngura pamusoro pegirazi, kubwinya kwemagirazi ealuminium kunoramba kuchiderera zvishoma nezvishoma panguva yekushandiswa. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti mukushandiswa, kunyanya kana girazi realuminium rakanyatsoonekwa pabasa rekunze, guruva netsvina zvinoungana pamusoro pegirazi, nokudaro zvichideredza kubwinya. Kushanda kwemidziyo mizhinji hakukanganisike zvakanyanya nekuderera kudiki kwekubwinya. Zvisinei, mune izvo zviitiko apo chinangwa chiri chekuunganidza huwandu hwakanyanya hwesimba rechiedza, sezvo zvakaoma kuchenesa magirazi ealuminium pasina kukuvadza jira refirimu, zvikamu zvakaputirwa zvinoputirwazve nguva nenguva. Izvi zvinoshanda kunyanya kune materesikopu makuru ekuratidza. Nekuti magirazi makuru akakura zvikuru uye anorema, magirazi makuru eteresikopu anowanzo putirwazve gore rega rega nemuchina wekuputira wakaiswa muobservatory, uye haawanzo tenderedzwa panguva yekubuda kwemvura, asi panzvimbo pezvo manyuko akawanda ekubuda kwemvura anoshandiswa kuona kuti ukobvu hwefirimu hwakaenzana. Aruminiyamu ichiri kushandiswa mumateresikopu mazhinji nhasi, asi mamwe emateresikopu matsva anopiswa nemhepo nemafirimu esimbi epamusoro-soro anosanganisira sirivha inodzivirira.
Goridhe ingangove ndiyo chinhu chakanakisa chekuputira mafirimu egirazi reflective. Sezvo kupenya kwemafirimu egoridhe kuchidzikira nekukurumidza munzvimbo inoonekwa, mukuita mafirimu egoridhe anoshandiswa chete pahurefu hwemarefu huri pamusoro pe700 nm. Kana goridhe rakafukidzwa pagirazi, rinogadzira firimu rakapfava rinogona kukuvara. Zvisinei, goridhe rinonamatira zvakanyanya kumafirimu echromium kana nickel-chromium (mafirimu anodzivisa ane 80% nickel uye 20% chromium), saka chromium kana nickel-chromium inowanzo shandiswa sechikamu chepakati pefirimu regoridhe negirazi substrate.
Kupenya kweRhodium (Rh) neplatinum (Pt) kwakaderera zvikuru pane dzimwe simbi dzataurwa pamusoro apa, uye dzinoshandiswa chete mumamiriro ezvinhu apo pane zvinodiwa zvakakosha zvekudzivirira ngura. Mafirimu ese esimbi anonamatira zvakasimba pagirazi. Magirazi emazino anowanzo putirwa nerhodium nekuti anoonekwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akaipa ekunze uye anofanira kucheneswa nekupisa. Firimu reRhodium rinoshandiswawo mumagirazi emamwe mota, ayo anowanzova magirazi epamberi ari kunze kwemotokari, uye anogona kukanganiswa nemamiriro ekunze, maitiro ekuchenesa, uye kutarisirwa kwakanyanya pakuita kurapwa kwekuchenesa. Nyaya dzekare dzakataura kuti mukana wefirimu rerhodium ndewekuti rinopa kugadzikana kuri nani pane firimu realuminium.
–Chinyorwa ichi chakaburitswa namugadziri wemuchina wevacuum coatingGuangdong Zhenhua
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-27-2024