Ifeza yahoze ari ibikoresho byiganje cyane kugeza hagati ya 1930, igihe byari ibikoresho byambere byerekana amashusho yerekana ibikoresho bya optique, ubusanzwe byashyizwe mumazi mumazi. Uburyo bwo gusya bwa chimique bwamazi bwakoreshwaga mu gukora indorerwamo zikoreshwa mu bwubatsi, kandi muri ubu buryo hakoreshwa urwego ruto cyane rw'amabati kugira ngo firime ya feza ihambire ku kirahure, cyarindwaga no kongeramo umuringa wo hanze. Mubikorwa byo hanze, ifeza ifata umwuka wa ogisijeni mukirere ikabura urumuri kubera gukora sulfide ya silver. Ariko, kubera kwerekana cyane firime ya feza nyuma yo kuyisiga no kuba ifeza ihinduka byoroshye, iracyakoreshwa nkibikoresho bisanzwe byo gukoresha mugihe gito. Ifeza nayo ikoreshwa mubice bisaba gutwikira by'agateganyo, nk'isahani ya interferometero kugirango igenzure neza. Mu gice gikurikira, tuzakora byinshi byuzuye hamwe na firime ya feza hamwe nuburinzi.
Mu myaka ya za 1930, John Strong, umupayiniya mu ndorerwamo z’inyenyeri, yasimbuye firime ya feza yakozwe mu buryo bwa shimi na firime ya aluminiyumu yometseho umwuka.
Aluminium nicyuma gikoreshwa cyane mugushiraho indorerwamo kubera koroshya guhumeka neza, ultraviolet nziza, kugaragara, na infragre yerekana, hamwe nubushobozi bwayo bwo gukomera cyane mubikoresho byinshi, harimo na plastiki. Nubwo igipimo cyoroshye cya oxyde ihora igaragara hejuru yindorerwamo ya aluminiyumu ako kanya nyuma yo kuyisiga, ifasha mukurinda kwangirika kwindorerwamo yindorerwamo, kwerekana indorerwamo za aluminiyumu biracyagabanuka buhoro buhoro mugihe cyo kuyikoresha. Ibi ni ukubera ko mugukoresha, cyane cyane niba indorerwamo ya aluminiyumu ihuye rwose nakazi ko hanze, umukungugu numwanda byanze bikunze bikusanyiriza hejuru yindorerwamo, bityo bikagabanya kwigaragaza. Imikorere yibikoresho byinshi ntabwo ihindurwa cyane no kugabanuka gake mubitekerezo. Ariko, muribyo bihe aho ikigamijwe ari ugukusanya ingufu ntarengwa zumucyo, kubera ko bigoye guhanagura indorerwamo za aluminiyumu utarinze kwangiza urwego rwa firime, ibice byashizwemo bigenda bisubirwamo. Ibi birakoreshwa cyane cyane kuri telesikopi nini yerekana. Kubera ko indorerwamo nyamukuru ari nini cyane kandi ziremereye, indorerwamo nyamukuru za telesikope zisanzwe zongera gushyirwaho buri mwaka hamwe nimashini itwikiriye yashyizwe mu kigo cy’indorerezi, kandi ubusanzwe ntabwo izunguruka mu gihe cyo guhumeka, ahubwo hakoreshwa amasoko menshi yo guhumeka kugira ngo habeho uburinganire bwa firime. Aluminiyumu iracyakoreshwa muri telesikopi nyinshi muri iki gihe, ariko zimwe muri telesikopi nshya zishiramo umwuka hamwe na firime ziteye imbere cyane zirimo icyuma kirinda ifeza.
Zahabu birashoboka ko aribintu byiza byo gushiraho firime yerekana infragre. Kubera ko amashusho ya zahabu agabanuka vuba mukarere kagaragara, mubikorwa firime zahabu ikoreshwa gusa muburebure bwa 700 nm. Iyo zahabu ishyizwe ku kirahure, ikora firime yoroshye ishobora kwangirika. Nyamara, zahabu ifatana cyane na chromium cyangwa nikel-chromium (firime irwanya 80% nikel na 20% ya chromium), bityo chromium cyangwa nikel-chromium ikoreshwa nkurwego rwumwanya hagati ya firime ya zahabu na substrate yikirahure.
Rhodium (Rh) na platine (Pt) iragabanuka cyane ugereranije nibindi byuma byavuzwe haruguru, kandi bikoreshwa gusa mugihe hari ibisabwa byihariye byo kurwanya ruswa. Filime zombi zicyuma zifata neza ikirahure. Indorerwamo z'amenyo zikunze gutwikirwa na rodium kuko zihura n’imiterere mibi yo hanze kandi igomba guhindurwa nubushyuhe. Filime ya Rhodium ikoreshwa kandi mu ndorerwamo z’imodoka zimwe na zimwe, akenshi usanga zigaragaza imbere imbere y’imodoka, kandi zikaba zishobora kwibasirwa n’ikirere, uburyo bwo gukora isuku, ndetse no kwitabwaho cyane iyo ukora imiti y’isuku. Ingingo zabanjirije iyi zagaragaje ko ibyiza bya firime ya rhodium ari uko itanga ituze ryiza kuruta firime ya aluminium.
–Iyi ngingo yasohowe naimashini ikora imashiniGuangdong Zhenhua
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-27-2024