Kwa zaka khumi zapitazi, radar ya millimeter-wave (mmWave) yasintha kuchoka pa niche sensor m'magalimoto angapo apamwamba kupita ku zomangamanga zofunika kwambiri zamagalimoto anzeru. Kuyambira pa adaptive cruise control (ACC) ndi automatic emergency braking (AEB) mpaka kufalikira kwa liwiro lapamwamba pa autopilot (NOA) ndi thandizo loyendetsa magalimoto m'mizinda, mmWave radar imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwona malo a magalimoto.
Pamene kufunikira kwa makina apamwamba othandizira oyendetsa galimoto kukukulirakulira, makina a radar okha akusintha mosalekeza. Ma radar oyambirira a mbali ziwiri asinthidwa pang'onopang'ono ndi ma radar ojambula zithunzi a 4D omwe amatha kupereka nthawi imodzi chidziwitso cha mtunda, liwiro, azimuth, ndi kukwera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zofunikira kwambiri pa mtunda wozindikira, kutsimikiza kwa angular, ndi luso lozindikira cholinga. Kupatula kusintha kwa mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito ma chip ndi algorithm, kapangidwe ka makina a antenna kawoneka ngati chinthu chofunikira chomwe chimalola kuti magwiridwe antchito awa akwere. Mwachitsanzo, radar yojambula zithunzi ya Continental ya ARS540 imapeza malo ofikira pafupifupi mamita 300 kudzera mu ma antenna a antenna a mtunda wokwanira, nthawi yomweyo imayang'anira mazana a zolinga. M'dziko muno, zinthu za radar za 4D mmWave za m'badwo wotsatira zimagwiritsa ntchito ma antenna akuluakulu komanso mawonekedwe owongolera ma waveguide kuti ziwonjezere kuzindikira kwa malo a mtunda wautali, zomwe zimathandiza kuzindikira magalimoto, zotchinga, ndi zopinga zokhazikika. Kumbuyo kwa kupita patsogolo kumeneku, njira yodziwikiratu yawonekera: ma radar a mmWave ogwira ntchito kwambiri akugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mapangidwe a ma antenna a waveguide.
Mu makina a radar a mmWave, antenna imayang'anira kutulutsa ndi kulandira mafunde a electromagnetic, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa kuzindikira, kutsimikiza kwa angular, komanso kukhulupirika kwa ma signal. Mapangidwe akale a radar a mmWave ankagwiritsa ntchito ma antenna a PCB microstrip chifukwa cha kusavuta kwawo, mtengo wotsika, komanso kusavuta kupanga kwakukulu. Komabe, pamene ma frequency a radar akukwera kufika pa 77 GHz ndi kupitirira apo, zofooka za ma antenna a PCB zimaonekera. Kapangidwe ka dielectric ka zinthu za PCB kamayambitsa kutayika kwa kufalikira kwa ma frequency a mmWave, kuchepetsa mphamvu ya ma signal, pomwe zoletsa pakugwira ntchito bwino kwa ma radiation ndi mphamvu zowunikira ma beam zimachepetsa magwiridwe antchito a dongosolo.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ma antenna a Waveguide amatsogolera mafunde a electromagnetic kudzera m'mapangidwe achitsulo, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri kutayika kwa mafunde komanso zimapangitsa kuti ma radiation azikhala bwino kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, pamakina omwe amafuna kuti pakhale nthawi yayitali yodziwira komanso kuti azitha kuzindikira bwino, ma antenna a waveguide aonekera ngati njira yabwino kwambiri. Komabe kugwiritsa ntchito ma waveguide ambiri kumabweretsa mavuto atsopano opanga zinthu.
Mosiyana ndi ma antenna a PCB, ma antenna a waveguide ndi ma electromagnetic structures achitsulo olondola. Kufalikira kwa mafunde mkati mwa mafunde kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kulondola kwa ma cavity dimensional ndi conductivity yamkati. Kupatuka kwa ma waveguide kapena roughness pamwamba kumatha kuchepetsa kukwera, kupotoza njira ya beam, ndikuwonjezera kutayika kwa chizindikiro, zomwe pamapeto pake zimakhudza mtunda wozindikira radar ndi kuzindikira cholinga. Kupanga kwachikhalidwe kumadalira CNC machining kapena kugaya zitsulo, zomwe zimatsimikizira magwiridwe antchito enieni a electromagnetic koma zimakumana ndi zoletsa zazikulu pamtengo ndi kukula. Mapangidwe a ma millimeter-wave, nthawi zambiri amakhala ma millimeter ochepa okha kukula kwake okhala ndi ma microns makumi ambiri, amafuna makina apamwamba komanso kuwongolera bwino njira. Makina opangira makina amakwanira kupanga pang'ono koma amakhala ovuta kwa ma radar a magalimoto ambiri kapena masensa ogula.
Pofuna kugwirizanitsa magwiridwe antchito apamwamba a maginito ndi kuthekera kopanga, makampaniwa afufuza ma antenna a mafunde opangidwa ndi zitsulo. Lingaliro lalikulu ndikuchotsa mapangidwe a kapangidwe kake kuchokera ku kayendetsedwe ka magetsi. M'malo mopanga chipika chonse chachitsulo, njira iyi imagwiritsa ntchito "kupanga kapangidwe kake + kupangidwa kwa zitsulo pamwamba."
Poyamba, malo olumikizira mafunde amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito jekeseni, compression molding, kapena mafakitale owonjezera pogwiritsa ntchito mapulasitiki aukadaulo kapena ma polima apamwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupanga zinthu zambiri. Pambuyo popanga kapangidwe kake, kukonza pamwamba pa chinthucho—kuyeretsa, kukanda, kapena kuyambitsa mankhwala—kumayikidwa kuti kuwonjezere kumatirira kwachitsulo. Kuyika kwa gawo loyendetsa mafunde mosalekeza, kudzera mu PVD, electroplating, kapena electroless plating, nthawi zambiri ndi mkuwa, nickel, kapena siliva, kumasintha kapangidwe kake kukhala low-loss conductive waveguide. Malo ofunikira monga radiating apertures kapena interface regions amatha kulandira metallization yapafupi kapena fine machining kuti akwaniritse bwino ntchito yamagetsi.
Njira iyi ya "kapangidwe + metallization" imasunga magwiridwe antchito apamwamba a ma waveguides achikhalidwe pomwe imalola kupanga kosinthasintha komanso kogwira mtima. Zigawo zopangidwa ndi jakisoni zimathandiza kupanga zinthu mwachangu, kuchepetsa ndalama; ma substrates apulasitiki amachepetsa kulemera, kuthandizira kupepuka kwa magalimoto, ndipo kusindikiza kwa 3D kumathandiza kupanga ma geometries ovuta, kukulitsa kapangidwe ka ma antenna akuluakulu. Njirayi imalinganiza bwino magwiridwe antchito amagetsi, kupanga bwino, komanso kuwongolera ndalama, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma antenna a metallized waveguides azipezeka kwambiri muzinthu za radar za mmWave.
Zhihua Vacuum imapereka mayankho okwanira opangira ma antenna a radar radar a mmWave omwe ali ndi zitsulo. Mzere wawo wopangira utoto wopingasa, wozikidwa pa vacuum sputtering, umakwaniritsa kuyika kwachitsulo kwa magawo awiri kapena angapo mu vacuum cycle imodzi yokhala ndi kuwongolera kolondola komanso kusinthasintha. Poyerekeza ndi kusindikiza kwachikhalidwe kwa siliva electrode, ma electrode amkuwa opangidwa ndi magnetron amathandizira kuyendetsa bwino, kudalirika, komanso magwiridwe antchito oletsa sulfure pomwe akuchepetsa mtengo. Kugwira ntchito yokha komanso kuyanjana ndi kukula kosiyanasiyana kwa ceramic kumatsimikizira kufalikira kwakukulu kwa kupanga zinthu zambiri. Ndi zaka zoposa 30 muukadaulo wa vacuum plating, kuphatikiza PVD, PECVD, ndi ALD, Zhihua Vacuum imapereka kuphatikiza kwachinsinsi komanso kosinthika kuchokera ku R&D kudzera mu kupanga zinthu zambiri.
Pamene ukadaulo woyendetsa wodziyendetsa wokha komanso ukadaulo wozindikira zinthu mwanzeru ukupita patsogolo, kufunikira kwa magwiridwe antchito a radar ya mmWave kukupitirirabe kukwera. Kusintha kuchokera ku ma antenna a PCB microstrip kupita ku ma antenna a waveguide, ndipo tsopano kupita ku mapangidwe a waveguide achitsulo, kukuwonetsa gawo lofunika kwambiri la ukadaulo wopanga ma antenna. Mwa kulekanitsa kapangidwe kake ndi magwiridwe antchito oyendetsera, ma antenna a waveguide achitsulo amapeza magwiridwe antchito apamwamba amagetsi komanso kupanga bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusinthasintha kwa mapangidwe ovuta a radar. Pamene sayansi ya zinthu ndi njira zopangira zinthu zikupita patsogolo, njira iyi ikukonzekera kusewera gawo lofunika kwambiri m'makina a radar a mmWave amtsogolo.
-Nkhaniyi yasindikizidwa ndiwopanga zida zophikira vacuumZhenhua Vacuum
Nthawi yotumizira: Marichi-27-2026