Kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, i-radar ye-millimeter-wave (mmWave) iguqukele ekubeni yi-niche sensor kwizithuthi ezimbalwa eziphezulu ukuya kwisiseko esibalulekileyo sokuqonda kwizithuthi ezikrelekrele. Ukusuka kwi-adaptive cruise control (ACC) kunye ne-automatic emergency braking (AEB) ukuya kwi-high-speed navigation exhaphakileyo kwi-autopilot (NOA) kunye noncedo lokuqhuba ezidolophini, i-mmWave radar idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqondeni imeko-bume yezithuthi.
Njengoko imfuno yeenkqubo zoncedo lomqhubi eziphucukileyo ikhula, iinkqubo zerada ngokwazo ziyaguquka ngokuqhubekayo. Iirada zokuqala ezinemilinganiselo emibini ziye zatshintshwa kancinci kancinci ziirada zemifanekiso ze-4D ezikwaziyo ukubonelela ngebanga, isantya, i-azimuth, kunye nolwazi lokuphakama ngaxeshanye, zibeka iimfuno ezingqongqo kumgama wokufumanisa, isisombululo se-angular, kunye nobuchule bokuchonga iithagethi. Ngaphaya kokuphuculwa kwamandla okucubungula iitship kunye nobunzima be-algorithm, uyilo lwenkqubo ye-antenna luye lwavela njengento ephambili evumela olu phuculo lokusebenza. Umzekelo, irada yemifanekiso ye-Continental enesisombululo esiphezulu i-ARS540 ifikelela kuluhlu lokufumanisa oluphantse lube yi-300-meter ngokusebenzisa ii-antenna ezixineneyo, ngaxeshanye ilandelela amakhulu eethagethi. Ngaphakathi, iimveliso zerada ze-4D mmWave zesizukulwana esilandelayo zisebenzisa ii-antenna ezinkulu kunye nezakhiwo ze-waveguide ezilungisiweyo ukuphucula ukuqondwa kweethagethi ezikude, okuvumela ukubonwa kwangaphambili kwezithuthi, i-guardrails, kunye nemiqobo emileyo. Emva kwale nkqubela phambili, kuye kwavela umkhwa ocacileyo: iirada ze-mmWave ezisebenza kakhulu ziya kwamkela ngakumbi uyilo lwe-antenna ye-waveguide.
Kwiinkqubo ze-radar ze-mmWave, i-antenna inoxanduva lokukhupha kunye nokwamkela amaza e-electromagnetic, ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo uluhlu lokufumanisa, isisombululo se-angular, kunye nokuthembeka kwesignali. Uyilo lwe-radar ye-mmWave lwangaphambili lwalusebenzisa kakhulu ii-antenna ze-PCB microstrip ngenxa yobulula bazo, iindleko eziphantsi, kunye nokulula kwemveliso enkulu. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko amaza e-radar enyuka ukuya kwi-77 GHz nangaphezulu, imida yee-antenna ze-PCB iyacaca. Iimpawu ze-dielectric zezinto ze-PCB zizisa ilahleko zokusasazeka kumaza e-mmWave, zinciphisa amandla esignali, ngelixa imida ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwemitha kunye nokukwazi ukwenza imisebe ithintela ukusebenza kwenkqubo.
Ii-antenna ze-waveguide, ngokwahlukileyo, zikhokela amaza e-electromagnetic kwizakhiwo zesinyithi, zinciphisa kakhulu ilahleko zokusasazeka kwaye zifezekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwemitha. Ngenxa yoko, kwiinkqubo ezifuna uluhlu olude lokubhaqwa kunye nesisombululo esincinci se-angular, ii-antenna ze-waveguide ziye zavela njengesisombululo esithandwayo. Sekunjalo ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi kwe-waveguide kuzisa imingeni emitsha yokuvelisa.
Ngokungafaniyo nee-antenna ze-PCB, ii-antenna ze-waveguide zizakhiwo ze-electromagnetic zesinyithi ezichanekileyo. Ukusasazeka kwamaza ngaphakathi kwe-waveguide kuchaphazeleka kakhulu kukuchaneka kobukhulu be-cavity kunye nokuqhuba kwangaphakathi. Ukuphambuka kwimilinganiselo ye-waveguide okanye uburhabaxa bomphezulu kunokunciphisa ukufumaneka, kutshintshe indlela ye-beam, kwaye konyuse ukulahleka kwesignali, ekugqibeleni kuchaphazela umgama wokufunyanwa kwe-radar kunye nokuqondwa kwethagethi. Ukwenziwa kwendabuko kuxhomekeke kwi-CNC machining okanye i-metal milling, eqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokuchanekileyo kwe-electromagnetic kodwa ijongene nemida ebalulekileyo kwixabiso kunye nokukhula. Izakhiwo ze-Millimeter-wave, ezidla ngokuba zii-millimeter ezimbalwa ngobukhulu ezinokunyamezela amashumi ee-microns, zifuna oomatshini abanobuchule kunye nolawulo lwenkqubo entle. Ukufakelwa koomatshini kulungele imveliso encinci kodwa kuba nzima kwiiradar zeemoto ezithengiswa kakhulu okanye kwiisensa zabathengi.
Ukuze kuvisisane ukusebenza okuphezulu kwe-electromagnetic kunye nokuveliswa, eli shishini lihlolisise ii-antenna ze-waveguide zesinyithi. Ingcamango esisiseko kukwahlula ukwakheka kwesakhiwo ukusuka ekuqhubeni kombane. Endaweni yokulungisa ibhloko yesinyithi yonke, le ndlela isebenzisa "ukwakheka kwesakhiwo + ukwenziwa kwesinyithi kumphezulu."
Ekuqaleni, umngxuma we-waveguide wenziwa kusetyenziswa i-injection molding, i-compression molding, okanye i-additive manufacturing nge-plastics yobunjineli okanye ii-polymers ezisebenzayo kakhulu, ezinika ukuguquguquka kunye nokufaneleka kwimveliso ephezulu. Emva kokwenziwa kwesakhiwo, unyango lwangaphambi komphezulu—ukucoca, ukurhawuzelela, okanye ukusebenza kweekhemikhali—lusetyenziswa ukuphucula ukunamathela kwesinyithi. Ukufakwa okulandelayo komaleko oqhubayo oqhubekayo, nge-PVD, i-electroplating, okanye i-electroless plating, ngokuqhelekileyo nge-copper, nickel, okanye isilivere, kuguqula isakhiwo sibe yi-waveguide eqhubayo engaphantsi kwelahleko. Iindawo eziphambili ezifana ne-radiating apertures okanye iindawo zomdibaniso zinokufumana i-metalization yendawo okanye i-fine machining ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kwe-electromagnetic.
Le ndlela "yolwakhiwo + isinyithi" igcina ukusebenza okuphezulu kwezikhokelo zemveli ngelixa ivumela imveliso eguquguqukayo nesebenzayo. Izinto ezibunjiweyo ngenaliti zivumela ukwenziwa ngokukhawuleza kobunzima, zinciphisa iindleko; ii-substrates zeplastiki zinciphisa ubunzima, zixhasa ukukhanya kweemoto, kwaye ukuprinta kwe-3D kwenza kube lula ukwenziwa kwejometri ezintsonkothileyo, kuphucula uyilo lwee-antenna ezinkulu. Le ndlela ilungelelanisa ngempumelelo ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-electromagnetic, ukwenziwa, kunye nolawulo lweendleko, okwenza ii-antenna ze-waveguide zesinyithi zixhaphake kakhulu kwiimveliso ze-radar ze-mmWave.
I-Zhihua Vacuum ibonelela ngezisombululo ezipheleleyo zokwenza ngobuchule ii-antenna ze-radar radar ezisebenzisa isinyithi. Umgca wazo wemveliso yokugquma othe tye, osekelwe kwi-vacuum sputtering, ufezekisa ukufakwa kwesinyithi esineengqimba ezimbini okanye ezininzi kumjikelo omnye we-vacuum ngolawulo oluchanekileyo kunye nokungaguquguquki. Xa kuthelekiswa nokuprintwa kwe-electrode yesilivere yendabuko, ii-electrode zobhedu ezixutywe yi-magnetron zonyusa ukuhanjiswa, ukuthembeka, kunye nokusebenza okuchasene ne-sulfuration ngelixa zinciphisa iindleko. Ukuphathwa ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokuhambelana nobukhulu obahlukeneyo be-ceramic kuqinisekisa ukuveliswa okuphezulu kwemveliso yobuninzi. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30 kubuchwepheshe bokugquma i-vacuum, kubandakanya i-PVD, i-PECVD, kunye ne-ALD, i-Zhihua Vacuum inikezela ngokudityaniswa kwenkqubo eyenzelwe wena, eyimfihlo evela kwi-R&D ngemveliso yobuninzi.
Njengoko ubuchwepheshe bokuqhuba obuzimeleyo kunye nobuchwepheshe bokubona obukrelekrele buqhubela phambili, iimfuno zokusebenza kweradar ye-mmWave ziyaqhubeka nokukhula. Utshintsho oluvela kwi-PCB microstrip antennas ukuya kwi-waveguide antennas, kwaye ngoku ukuya kwizakhiwo ze-metallised waveguide, lubonisa indima ebalulekileyo yetekhnoloji yokuvelisa i-antenna. Ngokwahlula ukwakheka kwesakhiwo kwimisebenzi yokuqhuba, ii-metallised waveguide antennas zifumana zombini ukusebenza okuphezulu kwe-electromagnetic kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, zibonelela ngokuguquguquka koyilo lweradar oluntsonkothileyo. Njengoko isayensi yezinto kunye neendlela zokwenza izinto ziqhubela phambili, le ndlela ikulungele ukudlala indima ebaluleke ngakumbi kwiinkqubo zeradar ze-mmWave ezizayo.
-Eli nqaku lipapashwe nguumenzi wezixhobo zokugquma nge-vacuumI-Zhenhua Vacuum
Ixesha leposi: Matshi-27-2026