1. Uphuhliso lweMfuno: Ukuqhuba okuBukrelekrele okuPhezulu kubeka iimfuno ezintsha kwiZakhiwo ze-Antenna
Njengoko ukuqhuba ngobuchule kuguqukela kwi-NOA ephucukileyo, i-radar ye-millimeter-wave ejonge phambili ejonge phambili ijongene noxinzelelo olukhulayo lokuphucula ukusebenza ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo. Uphuculo kuluhlu lokufumanisa, isisombululo se-angular, kunye nozinzo lwesignali kubeka iimfuno eziphezulu ekusebenzeni kakuhle kokudluliselwa kwe-RF kwezakhiwo ze-antenna ezingaphantsi.
Ukukhula kwemarike kuyayikhawulezisa ngakumbi le ndlela. Ngokwezibalo ezivela kwiZoss Automotive Research, umthamo wokufakelwa kweradar ye-4D millimeter-wave ufikelele kwiiyunithi ezizigidi eziyi-2.737 ngo-2024. Eli nani kulindeleke ukuba linyuke liye kwiiyunithi ezizigidi ezili-11.06 ngo-2025 kwaye lidlule kwiiyunithi ezizigidi ezingama-50 ngo-2030. Okwangoku, izinga lokungena kweradar ye-4D millimeter-wave kulindeleke ukuba linyuke ukusuka kwi-26.0% ngo-2025 ukuya kwi-54.5% ngo-2030. Njengoko isabelo sokufakelwa kweradar ye-4D ejonge phambili kunye neradar yekona ye-4D siqhubeka sinyuka, iradar ye-automotive millimeter-wave isuka kwisimo esisisiseko sokubona ukuya kuphuculo lwenkqubo oluphawulwa kukuchaneka okuphezulu, isisombululo esiphezulu, kunye nozinzo oluphezulu.
Kwibhendi yefrikhwensi ye-77 GHz, ii-antenna ze-PCB microstrip patch eziqhelekileyo zijongene nemida ebonakalayo efana nokulahleka okuphezulu kwe-dielectric kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemitha okulinganiselweyo, okwenza kube nzima ukuhlangabezana ngokupheleleyo neemfuno zokufunyanwa komgama omde we-300-meter kunye nemifanekiso ye-4D. Ngokuchasene nale mvelaphi, ii-antenna ze-waveguide ezilahlekileyo nezifumana inzuzo ephezulu kancinci kancinci ziba lukhetho olubalulekileyo kwi-radar yeemoto esebenza kakuhle.
Okwangoku, ii-antenna ze-waveguide zahlulwe ngokubanzi zibe zii-metal waveguides kunye nee-metalized plastic waveguides. Ii-metal waveguides ziquka iindleko eziphezulu zoomatshini kunye nobunzima obukhulu, nto leyo edala imiqobo yokuvelisa ngobuninzi obukhulu. Ii-metalized plastic waveguides, ezidibanisa ii-injection-molded 3D cavities kunye ne-PVD conductive film deposition, zibonelela ngeengenelo zobunjineli kuyilo olukhaphukhaphu kunye nokuhambelana kokwenziwa, kwaye ziba yindlela ebalulekileyo yophuhliso lweshishini.
Nangona kunjalo, iingenelo zobunjineli azithethi ukuba imveliso ifikelele esiphelweni ngobuninzi. Ukususela kwimizobo yoyilo ukuya kwimveliso enkulu yeemoto, iibhodi zeplastiki ezenziwe ngesinyithi zisafuna ukoyisa imiqobo emininzi kwizixhobo, iinkqubo kunye nezixhobo.
2. Ukusuka kwiingenelo zoyilo ukuya kuzinzo lwemveliso enkulu: Iibhodi zeplastiki ezenziwe ngesinyithi zisajongene nemingeni yokuvelisa
Kwinqanaba lelebhu, ii-antenna zeplastiki ezikhokela amaza zinokufikelela ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwe-RF ngoyilo lwesakhiwo kunye nokwenza ngcono inkqubo. Nangona kunjalo, xa zingena kwimveliso yebhetshi, uzinzo lwemveliso ludla ngokuba yingxaki ephambili echaphazela ukuphunyezwa kweprojekthi.
Kwizakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo ze-waveguide ezinemilinganiselo emithathu, ukuchaneka kokubumba ngenaliti, ukuzinza kwezinto, imeko yomphezulu, ukucoca kunye nonyango lwangaphambi kokulungiswa, ukubeka izinto kwindawo yazo, kunye nenkqubo yokwenza i-PVD metallization zonke ezi zinto zichaphazela isiphumo sokugqibela. Naluphi na utshintsho kwelinye lala manyathelo lunokukhokelela ekungaqhubeki kwefilimu, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwendawo, ukunamathela okuncinci, okanye ukuguqulwa kancinci kwesakhiwo, ekugqibeleni kuchaphazela izalathisi ze-RF ezifana nee-S-parameters, ilahleko yokufakwa, kunye nokwanda.
Ngexesha lokungeniswa kwemveliso ngobuninzi kwezinye iimveliso ezintsonkothileyo zesakhiwo, isivuno sokuqala se-metallization sisenokutshintshatshintsha kakhulu. Ukuba isivuno sihlala sikwinqanaba eliphantsi kangangexesha elide, oko akuthethi nje kuphela ukukrazulwa kweendawo ezibunjiweyo ngenaliti, kodwa kunye nokunyuka okuqhubekayo kokusetyenziswa kwezinto ekujoliswe kuzo, ixesha lokusebenza kwezixhobo, iindleko zomsebenzi, kunye neendleko zokuhlola. Kubavelisi be-antenna kunye nee-OEM zehardware, umceli mngeni wokwenyani asikokuba imveliso inokugqunywa, kodwa kukuba ingaba umgangatho wefilimu ozinzileyo, ophindaphindwayo, kunye nowemveliso omkhulu unokufezekiswa phantsi kweemeko zemveliso eziqhubekayo.
Oku kuthetha ukuba ukhuphiswano lwemizi-mveliso lwee-antenna zeplastiki ezenziwe ngesinyithi luya kwanda ukusuka kwicala loyilo ukuya kwicala lokuvelisa. Iinkampani ezinokuseka ifestile yenkqubo ezinzileyo yokwenza isinyithi esinobume obunzima, ulawulo lokuguqulwa kobushushu, kunye nokuhambelana kwebhetshi ziya kuba kwindawo engcono yokufumana inzuzo kuluhlu lwemveliso yobuninzi be-radar ye-millimeter-wave yemoto.
3. Isizathu Esiphambili Sokuguquguquka Kwemveliso: Izakhiwo Ezintsonkothileyo Ze-3D Zibeka Iimfuno Eziphezulu Kwiinkqubo Ze-PVD
Ngokungafaniyo nezakhiwo ezisicaba, ii-antenna zeplastiki ezikhokela amaza kwi-radar ye-automotive millimeter-wave zihlala zineendawo ezinzulu, iindawo ezimxinwa, imingxunya engaboniyo, iindonga ezisemacaleni, kunye nezakhiwo ze-cavity ezineengqimba ezintathu. Ezi zakhiwo zibeka iimfuno eziphezulu kwinkqubo yokwenza i-PVD metallization, ikakhulu kwiinkalo ezimbini.
3.1 Ubunzima Obuphezulu Kwizakhiwo Ezintsonkothileyo: Ubunzima beFilimu Obunganelanga Bunokwenzeka Kwimiqolo Enzulu Nakwiindonga Ezisecaleni
Ukubekwa kwePVD kunomlinganiselo othile wecala. Xa kujongwana nezakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo ze-waveguide ezinemilinganiselo emithathu, ukuba uyilo lomthombo wethagethi, uncedo lwe-ion, intshukumo ye-fixture, kunye nolawulo lweeparamitha zenkqubo azanelanga, ukufakwa okutyebileyo kunokwenzeka malunga neendawo ezivulekileyo okanye ezisemaphethelweni, ngelixa ezantsi kwemigca enzulu, iindonga zangaphakathi, kunye neendonga ezisecaleni zinokuba neengxaki zokwaleka okuncinci okanye ukugqunywa okunganelanga.
Kwimiqondiso ye-77 GHz ukuya kwi-79 GHz ye-millimeter-wave, ukuqhubeka kunye nokuqhuba kombane kwefilimu yesinyithi kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kothumelo lwe-RF. Ukuba ubukhulu befilimu yendawo alwanelanga ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo, ukulahleka kwamandla e-electromagnetic wave kunokwanda, okuchaphazela ukulahleka kokufakwa kwe-antenna, ukwanda, kunye nokuzinza kwesignali. Ke ngoko, i-plastic waveguide metallization ayisiyonkqubo elula yokuhombisa umphezulu, kodwa yinkqubo esebenzayo ye-metallization ejolise ekusebenzeni kwe-RF.
3.2 Iiplastiki zobunjineli zinobuthathaka kubushushu: Ukuqokelelana kobushushu ngexesha le-PVD kunokubangela ukuphambuka kobukhulu
Ii-antenna zeplastiki ezinesinyithi ezilawula amaza zihlala zisebenzisa iiplastiki zobunjineli ezilungisiweyo ezifana ne-PPS. Nangona ezi zinto zibonelela ngokumelana nobushushu okuhle kunye nozinzo olulinganayo, zisachaphazeleka kukuqhuma kwamasuntswana, iindawo zeplasma, kunye nobushushu obuqhubekayo ngexesha lenkqubo ye-PVD.
Ngenxa yokungabikho kobushushu obufanelekileyo kwiiplastiki zobunjineli, ukuba ulawulo lobushushu bezixhobo, uyilo lokupholisa, kunye nomthamo wemveliso azilawulwa kakuhle, ubushushu bendawo bunokuqokelelana ngokulula, nto leyo ebangela uxinzelelo lobushushu kunye nokuguquguquka okuncinci. Kwii-antenna ze-radar ze-millimeter-wave, utshintsho lobukhulu kwisakhiwo se-cavity lunokuchaphazela iimpawu ze-resonance kunye nokuhambelana kwe-RF. Nokuba ukuguquguquka okuncinci kunokubangela ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lokugqibela ziphambuke kwiimfuno zoyilo.
Ke ngoko, izixhobo ze-PVD zee-antenna zeplastiki ezine-metallic waveguide kufuneka zisombulule imingeni emibini ephambili ngaxeshanye: ukugubungela ulwakhiwo oluntsonkothileyo kunye nolawulo lokuguqulwa kobushushu beplastiki. Kuphela xa umgangatho wefilimu kunye nozinzo lobukhulu be-substrate zigcinwa zombini apho ukusebenza kwe-RF okulinganayo kungenziwa khona.
4. Isisombululo se-PVD esiqhubekayo se-Zhenhua Vacuum: Indlela yeNkqubo ye-Antenna yeRadar yeeMoto
Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zokuveliswa ngobuninzi kwee-antenna ze-radar zeplastiki ze-radar ezine-millimeter-wave, i-Zhenhua Vacuum iqalise isisombululo sokuveliswa ngobuninzi se-PVD esinemveliso ephezulu esigxile kwi-metalization yesakhiwo esintsonkothileyo esinemilinganiselo emithathu. Isisombululo sidibanisa ulwakhiwo lwezixhobo, ulawulo lokupholisa, indlela yokufaka, uyilo lwezixhobo, kunye nokwenza ngcono iifestile zenkqubo ukuphucula ukufana kwefilimu, ukuqhubeka kokuqhuba, ukuzinza kokunamathela, kunye nokuzinza ngobukhulu bezinto zeplastiki.
4.1 Ukubekwa kwe-High-Ionization kunye noLungiselelo oluCwangcisiweyo oluLungileyo kuphucula amandla okugubungela kwiZakhiwo eziNgxamisekileyo
Ukujongana nemingeni yokugubungela imingxunya enzulu, imingxunya engaboniyo, kunye neendonga ezisecaleni, iZhenhua Vacuum iphucule inkqubo encediswa yi-ion, inkqubo yokutshiza i-magnetron, kunye noyilo lomthombo ekujoliswe kuwo. Ngokwandisa umsebenzi wamasuntswana esinyithi kunye nokuphucula ukusasazwa kwee-engile zesiganeko, isisombululo siphucula ukugubungela kwefilimu ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo ezinemilinganiselo emithathu.
Xa kuthelekiswa nezixhobo zokugquma ezisemgangathweni ezisicaba, esi sisombululo sigxininisa ngakumbi ekuqhubekeni kwefilimu ezantsi kwemigca enzulu, iindawo ezisecaleni, nakwiikona zesakhiwo. Singanciphisa iingozi zokugquma kwefilimu engaphantsi kwendawo, ukugquma okungafanelekanga, kunye nokuqhuba okungekho ngokwaneleyo, ngaloo ndlela siphucula ukuhambelana ngokubanzi kwefilimu eyenziwe ngesinyithi ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo ze-waveguide.
4.2 Ulawulo Lokupholisa Olunezigaba Ezininzi Lunciphisa Iingozi Ezibangelwa Kukuqokelelwa Kobushushu
Ukujongana nobushushu obuphantsi kweeplastiki zobunjineli ngexesha lokucubungula i-PVD, i-Zhenhua Vacuum ingenise uyilo lokupholisa olunezigaba ezininzi kwinkqubo yayo yokugquma eqhubekayo. Ngolawulo lokupholisa olunezigaba nolufanayo, ubushushu obuveliswa ngexesha lokufakwa bunokukhululwa ngexesha, kunciphisa impembelelo yokuqokelelwa kobushushu bendawo kuzinzo olulinganayo lweziqwenga zeplastiki.
Olu yilo lunceda ekunciphiseni iingozi zokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo, ukugoba, kunye nokuphambuka kwesakhiwo, okuvumela umngxuma we-waveguide yeplastiki ukuba ugcine ukuhambelana okungcono ngexesha lokwenziwa kwesinyithi kwaye unike isiseko esizinzileyo sesakhiwo sovavanyo lwe-RF olulandelayo.
4.3 Uyilo lweGumbi eliZimeleyo luphucula uzinzo lwemveliso oluqhubekayo
Xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo zokugquma zebhakethi zendabuko zegumbi elinye, ezinokuthi ziqokelele ubushushu, zitshintshe indlela yokusebenza, kwaye zingabi naso isantya sokugquma ngexesha lokugquma ixesha elide, i-Zhenhua Vacuum isebenzisa uyilo lwemveliso oluqhubekayo apho izigaba ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo zigqitywa khona kwiigumbi ezizimeleyo.
Uyilo lwegumbi elizimeleyo lunceda ekufezekiseni ukwahlulwa kwenkqubo, ulawulo lokuthathwa, kunye nokuzinza kweparameter, kunciphisa ukuphazamiseka okulinganayo phakathi kwamanqanaba enkqubo ahlukeneyo. Izinto zokusebenza zinokudluliselwa rhoqo phakathi kwamagumbi asebenzayo, ngelixa amanyathelo enkqubo angaphambi konyango, ukufakwa, ukupholisa, kunye namanye amanyathelo enkqubo anokulungiswa ngokuguquguqukayo ngokwesakhiwo semveliso kunye neemfuno zefilimu. Oku kubonelela ngesiseko sezixhobo esizinzileyo ngakumbi kwimveliso enkulu yee-antenna zeplastiki ezikhokela amaza.
5. Ukusuka kwiZixhobo ukuya kwiNkqubo yoQinisekiso: Ukukhuthaza ukuveliswa ngobuninzi kwe-Antenna Metallization yePlastiki Waveguide
Ukwenziwa kwesinyithi kwee-antenna ze-automotive millimeter-wave radar plastic waveguide akulokhuphiswano olusekelwe kwiparameter enye yezixhobo, kodwa lukhuphiswano lwezakhono ezidibeneyo kuzo zonke izixhobo, izakhiwo, iinkqubo, kunye nezixhobo. Isisombululo se-PVD esifanelekileyo ngokwenene kwimveliso yobuninzi kufuneka sihlangabezane neemfuno ezilandelayo: ifilimu kufuneka ibe nokuqhubeka okuhle kunye nokuqhuba kombane; izakhiwo zangaphakathi ezintsonkothileyo kufuneka zifikelele ekugubungeleni okuzinzileyo; i-substrate yeplastiki kufuneka igcine uzinzo olulinganayo ngexesha lokufakwa; imveliso yebhetshi kufuneka iphindaphindwe kwaye ihambelane; kwaye iziphumo zenkqubo kufuneka zihambelane novavanyo lwe-RF olulandelayo kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwenqanaba leemoto.
Isisombululo semveliso ye-PVD esiqhubekayo se-Zhenhua Vacuum siphuhlisiwe malunga nezi mpawu ziphambili. Isisombululo sinokubonelela ngesampulu yenkqubo eyenzelwe wena kunye nokwenza ngcono iiparameter ngokwezakhiwo zeesampuli zabathengi, iinkqubo zezinto eziphathekayo, iimfuno zefilimu, kunye neethagethi zomthamo. Inceda abathengi baqinisekise ubukhulu befilimu, amandla okugubungela, ukunamathela, ukuqhuba kombane, kunye nozinzo lwebhetshi, ibonelela ngesiseko esizinzileyo sesinyithi sokuqinisekiswa kokusebenza kwe-RF okulandelayo, kubandakanya ii-S-parameters, ilahleko yokufakwa, kunye nokuzuza.
Isiphelo
Ukuphuculwa kweenkqubo zokuva i-radar ze-millimeter-wave zeemoto kubonakala ngathi kukukhuphisana kwee-chips, ii-algorithms, kunye noyilo lwenkqubo. Nangona kunjalo, kwinqanaba elinzulu, kukuguquka okudibeneyo kwezinto, iinkqubo, kunye nezixhobo zokwenza izinto eziphezulu.
Kwii-antenna ze-waveguide zeplastiki ezenziwe ngesinyithi, iingenelo zoyilo lokulahleka okuphantsi, inzuzo ephezulu, kunye nesakhiwo esikhaphukhaphu kufuneka ekugqibeleni zifezekiswe ngobuchule bokuvelisa obuzinzileyo, obuphindaphindwayo, kunye nobunokwandiswa. Izixhobo ze-PVD metallization azisisixhobo sokuvelisa nje kuphela sokufaka umphezulu; yinto ephambili emisela umgangatho wefilimu, ukuhambelana kwebhetshi, kunye nemveliso yobuninzi.
-Eli nqaku lipapashwe nguZhenhua Vacuum, umenzi we Izixhobo ze-PVD metallization zee-antenna ze-waveguide zeplastiki.
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-19-2026