Kubera ko isoko rikomeje gukwirakwira, ibigo byinshi bisaba kugura imashini n'ibikoresho bitandukanye hakurikijwe uburyo ibicuruzwa byabo bikorerwamo. Ku nganda zikora imashini zikoresha imashini zisukura, niba imashini ishobora kurangizwa kuva ku imashini isanzwe kugeza ku imashini isanzwe itunganywa, nta gikorwa na kimwe cyakozwe n'intoki kidahinduwe, ibyo nibyo ibigo byifuza. Mu mashini imwe, kugira ngo habeho guhuza ibikoresho byinshi byabaye icyifuzo gisanzwe ku bigo bikoresha ibikoresho bisukura.
Ibikoresho byo gusiga irangi bikoreshwa cyane mu nganda, byaba ibintu bito cyangwa binini, ibikoresho by'icyuma cyangwa ibya pulasitiki, cyangwa ibya keramike, uduce duto, imbaho zo mu muhanda, ibirahure n'ibindi, muri rusange ibyo byose bigomba kuba ari ugusiga irangi ku buso mbere yo kubikoresha. Mu buryo bwo gusiga irangi, bikunze gukoreshwa gusiga irangi mu buryo bwa evaporation, gusiga irangi mu buryo bwa magnetron cyangwa gusiga irangi mu buryo bwa ion, kandi mu ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura, ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa rigezweho n'ikoranabuhanga rya microelectronics birakoreshwa, bigatuma ibikoresho byo gusiga irangi mu buryo bwa evaporation birushaho gukora neza kandi bikaba ikoranabuhanga mu buryo bwikora.
Kuva aho habereye ivugurura n’ifungurwa, inganda zikora ibikoresho byo gusiga irangi rya vumbi zateye imbere cyane, ibyo bikaba bitagaragarira gusa mu kwiyongera gukomeye kw’umusaruro n’umusaruro, ahubwo binagaragarira mu bwoko bw’ibikoresho, imiterere yabyo ndetse n’urwego rwa tekiniki rusesuye. Ibi bigaragaza ko iterambere n’ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga rihanitse byateje imbere kandi bigatera imbere mu iterambere no kuvugurura tekiniki ry’inganda zikora ibikoresho byo gusiga irangi.
Mu myaka icumi ishize, ibikoresho byo gusiga irangi mu Bushinwa byagiye bitera imbere cyane bitewe n’ubukene bwinshi bw’ibigo. Ubwoko butandukanye bw’ibikoresho byo gusiga irangi mu rurangi bifite uburyo butandukanye bwo gusiga irangi burimo kwiyongera kandi imikorere yabyo irushaho kuba myiza.
Ku bijyanye n'imiterere y'imbere mu gihugu, mu myaka ibiri ishize, abantu bakora umwuga wo gusiga irangi ry'imvange bakunze kwita cyane mu Bushinwa bw'Iburasirazuba, mu Majyepfo y'u Bushinwa. Intara za Guangdong, Zhejiang na Jiangsu ziri imbere cyane y'izindi ntara mu bijyanye no gusiga irangi ry'imvange. Ibigo birenga 5.000 byo mu gihugu birimo gusiga irangi ry'imvange aho intara za Guangdong na Zhejiang zifite ibirenga 2.500, bingana na 50% by'inganda zikora umwuga wo gusiga irangi ry'imvange mu gihugu, bigira uruhare runini mu guteza imbere ibikorwa byazo.
Kuri ubu, imashini ikingira ikoresheje icyuma gikingira irakoreshwa ku birahuri, indorerwamo, filime ya pulasitiki, ibyuma, amatara, ibumba, ikirahuri, pulasitiki ihendutse, n'ibikinisho bitandukanye bya pulasitiki, imitako ya pulasitiki ya buri munsi, imitako y'ubukorano, imitako ya Noheli, imitako y'ibikoresho byo mu rugo, ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bikingira hejuru icyuma gikingira irangi. Imashini ikingira ikoresha icyuma irakoreshwa cyane.
Abakiriya bo mu cyiciro cyo gusiga irangi ry'ibicuruzwa bakenera byinshi, akenshi bazi ibyo ibicuruzwa byabo bigomba gusiga, kandi bazi ko bakeneye gusiga irangi rya firime ku gikoresho. Ariko hari abakora imashini nyinshi zo gusiga irangi mu gihugu no mu mahanga, imashini zo gusiga irangi ku gikoresho cyose zigira ingaruka zikomeye. Nifuza kugura imashini yo gusiga irangi ry'ubusa, ariko ntabwo nzi uburyo bwo guhitamo ikwiriye ikigo cyabo.
Kuri ibi, inzobere zari zaratanze inama zikurikira.
1, dukurikije ibikoresho byo gusiga irangi, n'ubwoko bw'ingaruka zisiga irangi kugira ngo tugure ubwoko bw'imashini isuka irangi. Urugero, niba ikora cyane cyane mu gutunganya ibikoresho, tugomba kugura imashini isuka irangi ifite imirasire myinshi cyangwa imashini isuka irangi ya magnetron. Niba ikora irangi rya pulasitiki, urugero, kugira ngo dukore inganda zitwikira amatara y'imodoka, tugomba guhitamo ibikoresho bikingira amatara.
2, Hakenewe gusuzuma ibipimo by'imikorere bishobora kugerwaho n'imashini ikoresha imashini ikoresha imashini ikora isuku, nk'ibara ry'ibara ry'ibara, ubukana, gufatana, n'ibindi.
3, Hakenewe kuzirikana imiterere y'amashanyarazi y'ibikoresho, n'ingano y'amashanyarazi akoreshwa hashingiwe ku miterere yabyo, bitabaye ibyo ibibazo by'amashanyarazi ntibishobora gukemurwa, ibikoresho byaguzwe ntibishobora gukoreshwa.
4, Ugomba gusuzuma ubushobozi n'ubwiza kugira ngo uhitemo imashini ikoresha vacuum coating ikwiye, guhitamo imashini ntoya idashobora kugumana na yo, mu gihe guhitamo nini, ku ruhande rumwe, igiciro kizaba kiri hejuru, ku rundi ruhande, ubushobozi burenze urugero butuma umutungo upfushwa ubusa. Ibikoresho ni binini cyane, kandi ntibikwiriye gukorwamo ibicuruzwa byose.
5, Ibibazo by'aho ibikoresho biherereye, hakurikijwe ibisabwa kugira ngo hamenyekane ingano y'ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gusiga ibikoresho.
6. Ese ikoranabuhanga ry’uruganda rukora imashini zisiga irangi rishyigikiwe? Ese hari serivisi yo kubungabunga? Mu gihe uguze, ni byiza kureka abakora imashini zisiga irangi bakagira inama uruganda rwaguze imashini zisiga irangi, kugira ngo babaze ubwiza bw’iyi mashini, kandi serivisi imeze ite?
7, Ibikoresho bigezweho. Guhagarara neza kw'ibikoresho bigomba kuba byiza, ibikoresho bigomba kuba byizewe. Imashini ikingira ni sisitemu igoye, irimo vacuum, automation, mechanical n'izindi sisitemu nyinshi, kutizerwa kw'igice kimwe bizatera kudahagarara neza kw'isi, bizazana ibibazo mu musaruro. Bityo ibikoresho bihamye bigomba kwemeza ko guhitamo buri gice ari ukwizewe. Abantu benshi bagura imashini ikingira, bazagereranya. Imashini ikingira miliyoni 1 n'imashini ikingira miliyoni 2 mu buryo bw'ibanze bishobora kuba bitandukanye cyane, ariko ni ubuhanga bw'utundi duto, kugira ngo imashini ikingira igere ku musaruro uhamye. Amagambo yoroshye cyane: ubona icyo wishyuye.
8, Kumenya ko amasosiyete azwi cyane mu nganda akoresha imashini ikingira ibara ry’ikigo, nta gushidikanya ko ari bwo buryo bwo guhitamo bufite ingaruka mbi cyane. Uretse amasosiyete azwi cyane, harimo n’ubwiza buhamye, izina ryiza ry’amasosiyete mato n’aciriritse, binyuze mu nshuti, kugira ngo usobanukirwe ibikoresho by’isosiyete bakoresha. Niba ushaka guhangana n’ayo masosiyete, hitamo imashini ikingira ibara ry’i ...
9, Sisitemu yo gupompa ikoresheje umwuka, hari ubwoko bubiri, bumwe ni sisitemu yo gupompa ikoresheje umwuka, ubundi ni sisitemu yo gupompa ikoresheje umwuka. Sisitemu yo gupompa ikoresheje umwuka ni iya sisitemu yo gupompa isukuye, nta kugaruka kw'amavuta ku ipompo, umuvuduko wo gupompa nawo urahamye, kandi uzigama ingufu, amafaranga akoreshwa n'amashanyarazi ni igice kinini cy'ikiguzi cy'umusaruro n'imikorere y'ibigo bisiga amavuta. Gufata neza sisitemu yo gupompa ni ingenzi cyane, cyane cyane gusimbuza amavuta akoreshwa mu gusiga amavuta buri gihe, kwita ku guhitamo ikirango cy'amavuta, guhitamo nabi biroroshye kwangiza ipompo ikoresha umwuka.
10, Sisitemu yo gupima umwuka. Muri iki gihe, ni uburyo bwo gupima umwuka uvanze, thermocouple gauge + ionization gauge. Ubu buryo bwo gushyushya umwuka mwinshi urimo igikoresho cya C, ionization gauge biroroshye kuvura, bigatuma ionization gauge yangirika. Niba irangi ririmo umwuka mwinshi wa igikoresho cya C, ushobora guhitamo uburyo bwo gupima icyuma gipima umwuka.
11, Ingufu zitangwa n'amashanyarazi mu buryo bwa Vacuum. Icyuho cy'ingufu zitangwa mu ngo n'izituruka mu mahanga kiracyagaragara, birumvikana ko igiciro ari cyiza kurushaho, ingufu zitangwa mu ngo za 20KW IF zitangwa hafi 80.000, ingufu zitangwa n'ingufu zitangwa na IF zitangwa mu mahanga zitangwa 200.000. Imikorere y'ingufu zituruka mu mahanga n'ubwirinzi, umutekano uzakomeza kuba mwiza kurushaho. Ingufu zitangwa mu ngo bitewe n'aho zikomoka mu gihugu, zishobora kuba nziza kurusha izituruka mu mahanga.
12, Sisitemu yo kugenzura. Ubu imashini nyinshi zikoresha vacuum coating zigenzura byikora, ariko itandukaniro riri hagati yo kugenzura byikora riracyari rinini cyane. Inyinshi muri zo ziracyari mu buryo bwa semi-automatic, zishobora kugenzura byikora byikora, imikorere y'ibikoresho byo gusiga si myinshi cyane. Kandi mu kugenzura byikora niba hagomba gufungwa bihagije mu buryo bw'umutekano, module y'imikorere nayo ni itandukaniro rinini.
13, Niba ugomba gushyiraho umutego w'ubushyuhe buke PolyCold. Umutego w'ubushyuhe buke ushobora kuvugwa ko ari ubwoko bw'urubura ku mugati, ushobora kunoza cyane umuvuduko wo gupompa, umwuka uhuha mu cyumba cy'ubushyuhe winjizwa ku gikoresho gikonje, ugasukura ikirere kiri mu cyumba cy'ubushyuhe, ku buryo ubwiza bw'urwego rwa firime buba bwiza kurushaho. Mu mpeshyi ishyushye kandi ihehereye, gukoresha umutego w'ubushyuhe buke nta gushidikanya ko bifasha cyane, bikongera umusaruro.
Ku bakiriya, icyo bakeneye si ngombwa ko ari ibicuruzwa bihendutse, ahubwo ni uguhuza hagati y’ikirango n’igiciro, guhitamo ikirango gishobora guhaza ibyo bakeneye kandi gihuye n’ingengo y’imari yabo. Iyo abakiriya bafite icyo bakeneye runaka bahuye n’amahitamo y’ababatanga, benshi muri bo bakunda guhitamo ikirango gifite ingaruka cyangwa kimaze imyaka myinshi mu nganda.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-07-2022