Iingubo zezixhobo zokusika ziphucula ukungqubana kunye neempawu zokuguguleka kwezixhobo zokusika, yiyo loo nto zibalulekile kwimisebenzi yokusika. Kangangeminyaka emininzi, ababoneleli ngetekhnoloji yokucubungula umphezulu bebesenza izisombululo zokulungisa ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ukuphucula ukumelana nokuguguleka kwezixhobo zokusika, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemishini kunye nobomi benkonzo. Umngeni okhethekileyo uvela ekuqwalaseleni nasekulungiseni izinto ezine: (i) ukucutshungulwa kwangaphambili nasemva kokuguguleka kweendawo zezixhobo zokusika; (ii) izixhobo zokugquma; (iii) izakhiwo zokugquma; kunye (iv) itekhnoloji yokucubungula edibeneyo yezixhobo zokusika ezigqugulweyo.
Ukusika imithombo yokuguguleka kwezixhobo
Ngexesha lenkqubo yokusika, ezinye iindlela zokuguguleka zenzeka kwindawo yoqhagamshelwano phakathi kwesixhobo sokusika kunye nezinto zokusebenza. Umzekelo, ukuguguleka okudibeneyo phakathi kwetship kunye nomphezulu wokusika, ukuguguleka okurhabaxa kwesixhobo ngamanqaku aqinileyo kwizinto zokusebenza, kunye nokuguguleka okubangelwa ziimpendulo zeekhemikhali zokungqubana (iimpendulo zeekhemikhali zezinto ezibangelwa kukusebenza koomatshini kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu). Ekubeni ezi ngcinezelo zokungqubana zinciphisa amandla okusika esixhobo sokusika kwaye zifinyeza ubomi besixhobo, zichaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle komatshini wesixhobo sokusika.
Ukwambathisa umphezulu kunciphisa isiphumo sokungqubana, ngelixa izixhobo zokusika ezisisiseko zixhasa ukwambathisa kwaye zifunxa uxinzelelo loomatshini. Ukusebenza okuphuculweyo kwenkqubo yokungqubana kunokonga izinto kwaye kunciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ukongeza ekwandiseni imveliso.
Indima yokwaleka ekunciphiseni iindleko zokucubungula
Ubomi bezixhobo zokusika bubaluleke kakhulu kumjikelo wemveliso. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ubomi bezixhobo zokusika bungachazwa njengexesha lomatshini elinokusetyenziswa ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka ngaphambi kokuba kufuneke ukulungiswa. Okukhona ubomi bezixhobo zokusika buhlala ixesha elide, kokukhona iindleko eziphantsi ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwemveliso kunye nomsebenzi omncinci wokulungisa ekufuneka wenziwe ngumatshini.
Nokuba kubushushu obuphezulu kakhulu bokusika, ubomi bokusetyenziswa kwesixhobo sokusika bunokwandiswa ngokugquma, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zomatshini. Ukongeza, ukugquma kwesixhobo sokusika kunokunciphisa isidingo solwelo lokuthambisa. Akunciphisi nje kuphela iindleko zezinto, kodwa kukwanceda ekukhuseleni okusingqongileyo.
Impembelelo yokucubungula ngaphambi nangemva kokufaka i-coating kwimveliso
Kwimisebenzi yokusika yanamhlanje, izixhobo zokusika kufuneka zithwale uxinzelelo oluphezulu (>2 GPa), amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nemijikelo engaguqukiyo yoxinzelelo lobushushu. Ngaphambi nasemva kokugqunywa kwesixhobo sokusika, kufuneka siphathwe ngenkqubo efanelekileyo.
Ngaphambi kokusika uboya bezixhobo, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango zingasetyenziselwa ukulungiselela inkqubo yokwaleka elandelayo, ngelixa ziphucula kakhulu ukunamathela koboya. Ngokusebenza kunye noboya, ukulungiswa komphetho wokusika izixhobo kunokunyusa isantya sokusika kunye nesantya sokutya, kwaye kwandise ubomi besixhobo sokusika.
Ukulungiswa kwengubo emva kokulungiswa (ukulungiswa komphetho, ukucubungula umphezulu kunye nokwakha) kukwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwenzeni ngcono isixhobo sokusika, ngakumbi ukuthintela ukuguguleka okunokwenzeka kwangethuba ngokwenziwa kwe-chip (ukubopha izinto zokusebenza kumphetho wokusika wesixhobo).
Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe kunye nokukhetha ukugquma
Iimfuneko zokusebenza kwengubo zingahluka kakhulu. Phantsi kweemeko zomatshini apho ubushushu obuphezulu buphezulu, iimpawu zokuguguleka kwengubo ezimelana nobushushu zibaluleke kakhulu. Kulindeleke ukuba iingubo zanamhlanje nazo zibe nezi mpawu zilandelayo: ukusebenza kakuhle kakhulu kubushushu obuphezulu, ukumelana ne-oxidation, ubulukhuni obuphezulu (nokuba kubushushu obuphezulu), kunye nokuqina okuncinci (iplastiki) ngokuyila iileya ezakhiwe ngendlela encinci.
Kwizixhobo zokusika ezisebenzayo, ukunamathela okusemgangathweni kwengubo kunye nokusasazwa okufanelekileyo koxinzelelo olushiyekileyo zizinto ezimbini ezibalulekileyo. Okokuqala, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinto ezisetyenziswa phantsi komhlaba kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswa xa kusenziwa i-coating. Okwesibini, kufuneka kubekho ulwalamano oluncinci kangangoko kunokwenzeka phakathi kwezinto ezisetyenziswa xa kusenziwa i-coating kunye nezinto eziza kucutshungulwa. Amathuba okunamathela phakathi kwengubo kunye ne-workpiece anokuncitshiswa kakhulu ngokusebenzisa i-geometry yesixhobo esifanelekileyo kunye nokupolisha i-coating.
Iingubo ezisekwe kwi-aluminium (umz. i-AlTiN) zihlala zisetyenziswa njengezixhobo zokugquma kwishishini lokugquma. Phantsi kwesenzo sobushushu obuphezulu bokugquma, ezi ngubo zisekwe kwi-aluminium zinokwenza umaleko omncinci noxineneyo we-aluminium oxide ohlala uzihlaziya ngexesha lokwenziwa, ukhusela ingubo kunye nezinto ezingaphantsi kwayo ekuhlaselweni yi-oxidative.
Ukusebenza kobulukhuni kunye nokumelana ne-oxidation kwengubo kunokulungiswa ngokutshintsha umxholo we-aluminiyam kunye nesakhiwo sengubo. Umzekelo, ngokunyusa umxholo we-aluminiyam, kusetyenziswa izakhiwo ze-nano okanye i-micro-alloying (oko kukuthi, ukuxuba ngezinto eziphantsi komxholo), ukumelana ne-oxidation kwengubo kunokuphuculwa.
Ukongeza kwimilo yeekhemikhali yezinto zokugquma, utshintsho kwisakhiwo sokugquma lunokuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kwengubo. Ukusebenza kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokusika kuxhomekeke ekusasazweni kwezinto ezahlukeneyo kwisakhiwo esincinci sokugquma.
Kule mihla, umaleko omnye wokugquma onemixube eyahlukeneyo yeekhemikhali unokudityaniswa ube ngumaleko wokugquma odibeneyo ukuze kufunyanwe ukusebenza okufunekayo. Olu hlobo lomkhuba luya kuqhubeka luphuhla kwixesha elizayo - ngakumbi ngeenkqubo ezintsha zokugquma kunye neenkqubo zokugquma, ezifana ne-HI3 (High Ionization Triple) arc evaporation kunye ne-sputtering hybrid coating technology edibanisa iinkqubo ezintathu zokugquma ezine-ionized zibe yinto enye.
Njengengubo ejikelezayo, iingubo ezisekwe kwi-titanium-silicon (TiSi) zibonelela ngomatshini ogqwesileyo. Ezi ngubo zingasetyenziselwa ukucubungula zombini iintsimbi zobunzima obuphezulu ezinemixholo eyahlukeneyo ye-carbide (ubulukhuni obuphambili ukuya kuthi ga kwi-HRC 65) kunye neentsimbi zobunzima obuphakathi (ubulukhuni obuphambili be-HRC 40). Uyilo lwesakhiwo sokubopha lungahlengahlengiswa ngokufanelekileyo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokugaya. Ngenxa yoko, izixhobo zokusika ezisekwe kwi-titanium silicone zingasetyenziselwa ukusika nokucubungula uluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo zokusebenza ukusuka kwiintsimbi ezixutyiweyo kakhulu, ezixutyiweyo kancinci ukuya kwiintsimbi eziqinileyo kunye nee-alloys ze-titanium. Uvavanyo lokusika olugqityiweyo kakhulu kwiindawo zokusebenza ezithe tyaba (ubulukhuni be-HRC 44) lubonise ukuba izixhobo zokusika ezixutyiweyo zinokwandisa ubomi bazo phantse kabini kwaye zinciphise uburhabaxa bomphezulu malunga namaxesha ali-10.
Ukwaleka okusekelwe kwi-titanium-silicon kunciphisa ukupholishwa komphezulu okulandelayo. Ukwaleka okunjalo kulindeleke ukuba kusetyenziswe ekucutshungulweni ngesantya esiphezulu sokusika, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye namazinga aphezulu okususa isinyithi.
Kwezinye ii-PVD coatings (ingakumbi ii-micro-alloyed coatings), iinkampani ze-coatings nazo zisebenza ngokusondeleyo neeprosesa ukuphanda nokuphuhlisa izisombululo ezahlukeneyo zokulungisa umphezulu ezilungiselelweyo. Ke ngoko, uphuculo olubalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwe-machining, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokusika, umgangatho we-machining, kunye nokusebenzisana phakathi kwezinto, i-coatings kunye ne-machining kunokwenzeka, kwaye kuyasebenza. Ngokusebenza neqabane eliqeqeshiweyo le-coatings, abasebenzisi banokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo zabo kulo lonke ixesha lobomi babo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-07-2022