Ukusika izixhobo zokugqoka ziphucula ukungqubuzana kunye nokugqoka iimpawu zezixhobo zokusika, yingakho zibalulekile kwimisebenzi yokusika.Kangangeminyaka emininzi, ababoneleli betekhnoloji yokucubungula umphezulu baye baphuhlisa izisombululo zokugquma ezilungiselelweyo zokuphucula ukuxhathisa isixhobo sokusika, ukusebenza kakuhle komatshini kunye nobomi benkonzo.Umceli mngeni okhethekileyo uvela kwingqwalasela kunye nokulungiswa kwezinto ezine: (i) ukusetyenzwa kwangaphambili kunye ne-post-coating yezixhobo zokusika izixhobo;(ii) izinto zokugquma;(iii) izinto zokugquma;kunye (iv) neteknoloji ehlanganisiweyo yokucubungula izixhobo zokusika ezigqunyiweyo.
Ukusika izixhobo zokunxiba izixhobo
Ngexesha lenkqubo yokusika, ezinye iindlela zokugqoka zenzeka kwindawo yokudibanisa phakathi kwesixhobo sokusika kunye nesixhobo sokusebenza.Ngokomzekelo, ukunxitywa kwe-bonding phakathi kwe-chip kunye nomhlaba wokusika, i-abrasive wear of the tool ngamanqaku anzima kwi-workpiece material, kunye nokunxiba okubangelwa yi-frictional reaction reactions (i-chemical reactions of the material ebangelwa isenzo soomatshini kunye nokushisa okuphezulu).Ekubeni ezi zixinzelelo zoxinzelelo zinciphisa amandla okusika isixhobo sokusika kunye nokunciphisa ubomi besixhobo, zichaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwesixhobo sokusika.
Ukugquma komhlaba kunciphisa umphumo wokungqubuzana, ngelixa isiseko sesixhobo sokusika sixhasa ukugquma kwaye sithatha uxinzelelo lomatshini.Ukusebenza okuphuculweyo kwenkqubo ye-friction kunokugcina izinto kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngaphezu kokunyusa imveliso.
Indima yokwaleka ekunciphiseni iindleko zokusebenza
Ubomi besixhobo sokusika yindleko ebalulekileyo kumjikelo wemveliso.Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ubomi besixhobo sokusika bunokuchazwa njengexesha lomatshini linokwenziwa ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka ngaphambi kokuba kugcinwe kufuneka.Ubude bexesha lesixhobo sokusika, kokukhona iindleko zisezantsi ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwemveliso kunye nomsebenzi omncinci wolondolozo ekufuneka wenziwe.
Nangona kumaqondo okushisa aphezulu kakhulu, ubomi bokusetyenziswa kwesixhobo sokusika bunokwandiswa kunye neengubo, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zomatshini.Ukongeza, ukusika izixhobo zokugquma kunokunciphisa imfuno yokuthambisa ulwelo.Akugcini nje ukunciphisa iindleko zezinto eziphathekayo, kodwa kunceda ukukhusela indalo.
Isiphumo sokusebenza kwangaphambili kunye nasemva kokugquma kwimveliso
Kwimisebenzi yokusika yanamhlanje, izixhobo zokusika kufuneka zithwale uxinzelelo oluphezulu (> 2 GPa), amaqondo okushisa aphezulu kunye nemijikelezo eqhubekayo yoxinzelelo lwe-thermal.Ngaphambi nangemva kokugubungela isixhobo sokusika, kufuneka siphathwe ngenkqubo efanelekileyo.
Ngaphambi kokusika izixhobo zokugqoka, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulungiswa kwangaphambili zingasetyenziselwa ukulungiselela inkqubo yokugquma okulandelayo, ngelixa uphucula kakhulu ukunamathela kwengubo.Ngokusebenza ngokubambisana nengubo, ukulungiswa kwesixhobo sokusika kunokunyusa isantya sokusika kunye nesantya sokutya, kunye nokwandisa ubomi besixhobo sokusika.
I-coating post-processing (ukulungiswa komphetho, ukusetyenzwa komphezulu kunye nokwakhiwa) nayo idlala indima ecacileyo ekuphuculeni isixhobo sokusika, ngokukodwa ukuthintela ukunxitywa kwangaphambili ngokuqulunqwa kwe-chip (ukudityaniswa kwezinto zokusebenza ukuya kumda wokusika. isixhobo).
Iingqwalasela zokwaleka kunye nokukhetha
Iimfuno zokusebenza zokwaleka zingahluka kakhulu.Ngaphantsi kweemeko ze-machining apho iqondo lokushisa elisezantsi liphezulu, iimpawu zokunxiba ezichasene nobushushu zengubo zibaluleke kakhulu.Kulindeleke ukuba iingubo zanamhlanje kufuneka zibe nezi mpawu zilandelayo: ukusebenza okuphezulu kobushushu obuphezulu, ukuxhathisa i-oxidation, ubunzima obuphezulu (nangona kubushushu obuphezulu), kunye nokuqina kwe-microscopic (iplastiki) ngokuyilwa kwee-nanostructured layers.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokusika ezisebenzayo, ukunamathela kwe-coating optimized kunye nokusabalalisa okufanelekileyo koxinzelelo olushiyekileyo zizinto ezimbini ezibalulekileyo.Okokuqala, intsebenziswano phakathi kwezinto eziphantsi kwe-substrate kunye nempahla yokugubungela kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo.Okwesibini, kufuneka kubekho ubudlelwane obuncinci kangangoko kunokwenzeka phakathi kwezinto zokugquma kunye nezinto eziza kucutshungulwa.Ithuba lokubambelela phakathi kwengubo kunye ne-workpiece inokwehliswa kakhulu ngokusebenzisa i-geometry yesixhobo esifanelekileyo kunye nokupholisa i-coating.
Iingubo ezisekelwe kwi-aluminium (umz. i-AlTiN) zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo njengezixhobo zokusika izixhobo kwishishini lokusika.Ngaphantsi kwesenzo sokushisa okuphezulu kokusika, ezi zixhobo ezisekelwe kwi-aluminium zinokwenza uluhlu oluncinci kunye noluxineneyo lwe-aluminium oxide ehlala ihlaziywa ngexesha lokucoca, ikhusela i-coating kunye ne-substrate impahla engaphantsi kwayo ekuhlaselweni kwe-oxidative.
Ubunzima kunye nokusebenza kokumelana ne-oxidation yengubo inokulungelelaniswa ngokutshintsha umxholo we-aluminium kunye nesakhiwo sokugubungela.Ngokomzekelo, ngokunyusa umxholo we-aluminium, usebenzisa i-nano-structures okanye i-micro-alloying (okt, i-alloying enezinto eziphantsi komxholo), ukuchasana kwe-oxidation yokugqoka kunokuphuculwa.
Ukongeza kwimichiza yeekhemikhali zezinto zokugubungela, utshintsho kwisakhiwo sokugubungela sinokuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kwengubo.Ukusebenza kwesixhobo esihlukeneyo sokusika kuxhomekeke ekusasazweni kwezinto ezahlukeneyo kwi-coating micro-structure.
Kule mihla, umaleko omnye wokugquma onemichiza eyahlukeneyo enokudityaniswa ube ngumaleko odityanisiweyo wokugquma ukufumana umsebenzi ofunekayo.Lo mkhwa uya kuqhubeka uphuhla kwixesha elizayo - ngakumbi ngeenkqubo ezintsha zokugquma kunye neenkqubo zokugquma, ezifana ne-HI3 (i-High Ionization Triple) e-arc evaporation kunye ne-sputtering hybrid coating technology edibanisa iinkqubo ezintathu zokwambathisa ezine-ionized zibe nye.
Njengengubo ejikelezileyo, i-titanium-silicon esekwe (i-TiSi) inika i-machinability egqwesileyo.Ezi zogquma zingasetyenziselwa ukucubungula zombini iintsimbi ezinobunzima obuphezulu kunye neziqulatho ezahlukeneyo ze-carbide (ubunzima obungundoqo ukuya kwi-HRC 65) kunye neentsimbi ezinobunzima obuphakathi (ubunzima obuphambili be-HRC 40).Uyilo lwesakhiwo sokugquma sinokuhlengahlengiswa ngokufanelekileyo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo zomatshini.Ngenxa yoko, izixhobo zokusika ezenziwe nge-silicone ezisekelwe kwi-titanium zingasetyenziselwa ukusika kunye nokucubungula uluhlu olubanzi lwezinto zokusebenza ezivela kwi-high-alloyed, i-low-alloyed steels ukuya kwiintsimbi ezinzima kunye ne-titanium alloys.Uvavanyo oluphezulu lokusika kwii-workpieces ezisicaba (ubunzima be-HRC 44) bubonise ukuba izixhobo zokusika ezigqunyiweyo zinokunyusa ubomi bayo phantse ngamaxesha amabini kwaye zinciphise uburhabaxa bomphezulu malunga namaxesha ali-10.
I-titanium-silicon esekwe kwi-coating inciphisa ukupolisha komphezulu olandelayo.Iingubo ezinjalo ziya kulindeleka ukuba zisetyenziswe ekuqhubeni ngesantya esiphezulu sokusika, amaqondo okushisa aphezulu kunye namazinga aphezulu okususwa kwesinyithi.
Kwezinye izinto zokwaleka ze-PVD (ingakumbi i-micro-alloyed coatings), iinkampani zokugquma zikwasebenza ngokusondeleyo neeprosesa ukuphanda nokuphuhlisa izisombululo ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenzwa komphezulu.Ke ngoko, uphuculo olubonakalayo ekusebenzeni komatshini, ukusetyenziswa kwesixhobo sokusika, umgangatho womatshini, kunye nokusebenzisana phakathi kwezinto eziphathekayo, ukugquma kunye noomatshini kunokwenzeka, kwaye kusebenza ngokufanelekileyo.Ngokusebenza neqabane elinobuchule bokugquma, abasebenzisi banokonyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo zabo kumjikelo wabo wobomi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-07-2022