Gukata ibikoresho byo gutwika biteza imbere guterana no kwambara ibikoresho byo gukata, niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa mugukata ibikorwa.Haraheze imyaka myinshi, abatanga tekinoroji yo gutunganya ibicuruzwa bategura uburyo bwihariye bwo gutwikira kugirango batezimbere ibikoresho byo kugabanya ibikoresho, gukora neza nubuzima bwa serivisi.Ikibazo kidasanzwe kiva mubitekerezo no gutezimbere ibintu bine: (i) gutunganya mbere na nyuma yo gutunganya ibikoresho byo gutema ibikoresho;(ii) ibikoresho byo gutwikira;(iii) imiterere yo gutwikira;(iv) tekinoroji yo gutunganya ibikoresho byo gutema.
Gukata ibikoresho byo kwambara inkomoko
Mugihe cyo gukata, uburyo bumwe bwo kwambara bugaragara mukarere gahuza hagati yo gukata nibikoresho byakazi.Kurugero, kwambara guhuza hagati ya chip nubuso bwo gukata, kwambara nabi kubikoresho ukoresheje ingingo zikomeye mubikoresho byakazi, no kwambara biterwa na reaction ya chimique friction (reaction yimiti yibintu biterwa nubukanishi nubushyuhe bwinshi).Kubera ko ibyo bitera impagarara bigabanya imbaraga zo gukata igikoresho cyo kugabanya no kugabanya ubuzima bwibikoresho, bigira ingaruka cyane cyane kumikorere yibikoresho byo gutema.
Ubuso bwo hejuru bugabanya ingaruka zo guterana, mugihe ibikoresho byo gutema ibikoresho fatizo bishyigikira igifuniko kandi bikurura imihangayiko.Imikorere inoze ya sisitemu yo guterana irashobora kubika ibikoresho no kugabanya gukoresha ingufu hiyongereyeho kongera umusaruro.
Uruhare rwo gutwikira mukugabanya ibiciro byo gutunganya
Gukata ibikoresho ubuzima ni ikintu cyingenzi cyigiciro cyumusaruro.Mubindi bintu, gukata ibikoresho ubuzima bishobora gusobanurwa nkigihe cyimashini irashobora gutunganywa ntakabuza mbere yo kubungabunga bisabwa.Umwanya muremure wo gukata ibikoresho, niko ibiciro bigabanuka kubera guhagarika umusaruro hamwe nakazi gake kubungabunga imashini igomba gukora.
Ndetse no hejuru yubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane, gukoresha ubuzima bwigikoresho cyo gukata birashobora kongerwa hamwe no gutwikira, bityo bikagabanya cyane ibiciro byo gukora.Byongeye kandi, gukata ibikoresho byo gutwika birashobora kugabanya gukenera amavuta.Ntabwo igabanya ibiciro gusa, ahubwo ifasha no kurengera ibidukikije.
Ingaruka zo gutunganya mbere na nyuma yo gutwikira umusaruro
Mubikorwa bigezweho byo gukata, ibikoresho byo gukata bigomba kwihanganira umuvuduko mwinshi (> 2 GPa), ubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe nigihe cyizuba cyumuriro.Mbere na nyuma yo gutwikira igikoresho cyo gukata, bigomba kuvurwa hamwe nuburyo bukwiye.
Mbere yo gukata igikoresho, uburyo butandukanye bwo kwitegura bushobora gukoreshwa mugutegura inzira ikurikiraho, mugihe bitezimbere cyane gufatira hamwe.Mugukora ufatanije nigitambaro, gutegura igikoresho cyo guca ibikoresho birashobora kandi kongera umuvuduko wo kugabanya no kugaburira ibiryo, no kwagura ibikoresho byubuzima.
Ipitingi nyuma yo gutunganywa (gutegura impande, gutunganya ubuso no kuyitunganya) nayo igira uruhare runini mugutezimbere igikoresho cyo gutema, cyane cyane kugirango wirinde kwambara hakiri kare hakoreshejwe chip (guhuza ibikoresho byakazi kugeza kumpera ya igikoresho).
Gutekereza no guhitamo
Ibisabwa kubikorwa byo gutwikira birashobora kuba bitandukanye cyane.Mugihe cyo gutunganya aho ubushyuhe bwo kugabanuka buri hejuru, ibiranga kwambara biranga ubushyuhe biranga ingirakamaro.Biteganijwe ko impuzu zigezweho nazo zigomba kugira ibintu bikurikira: imikorere yubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane, kurwanya okiside, ubukana bwinshi (ndetse no mubushyuhe bwinshi), hamwe na microscopique ubukana (plastike) hifashishijwe igishushanyo mbonera cya nanostructures.
Kubikoresho byiza byo gukata neza, guhuza neza hamwe no gukwirakwiza impagarara zisigaye ni ibintu bibiri byingenzi.Ubwa mbere, imikoranire hagati yibikoresho byububiko hamwe nibikoresho byo gutwikira bigomba kwitabwaho.Icya kabiri, hagomba kubaho isano rito rishoboka hagati yikintu gitwikiriye nibikoresho bigomba gutunganywa.Amahirwe yo gufatana hagati yigitambaro nigikorwa cyakazi arashobora kugabanuka cyane ukoresheje igikoresho gikwiye cya geometrie no gusiga igifuniko.
Ibikoresho bya aluminiyumu (urugero: AlTiN) bikoreshwa cyane mugukata ibikoresho byo gutema.Mubikorwa byubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ibyo bikoresho bishingiye kuri aluminiyumu birashobora gukora urwego ruto kandi rwinshi rwa oxyde ya aluminiyumu ihora yivugurura mugihe cyo kuyitunganya, ikingira igifuniko hamwe nubutaka munsi yacyo kugirango itabaho.
Gukomera hamwe na okiside yo kurwanya imikorere ya coating irashobora guhinduka muguhindura ibirimo aluminium nuburyo bwo gutwikira.Kurugero, mukwongera ibirimo aluminiyumu, ukoresheje nano-imiterere cyangwa micro-alloying (ni ukuvuga, ivanze nibintu bike), kurwanya okiside ya coating irashobora kunozwa.
Usibye imiterere yimiti yibikoresho, impinduka muburyo bwo gutwikira zirashobora guhindura cyane imikorere yimyenda.Ibikoresho bitandukanye byo gukata biterwa no gukwirakwiza ibintu bitandukanye muri coating micro-structure.
Muri iki gihe, ibice byinshi bitwikiriye hamwe nibikoresho bitandukanye bya shimi birashobora guhurizwa hamwe kugirango bibe byifuzwa.Iyi myumvire izakomeza gutera imbere mugihe kizaza - cyane cyane binyuze muri sisitemu nshya yo gutwikira hamwe nuburyo bwo gutwikira, nka HI3 (High Ionisation Triple) arc ihumeka hamwe na tekinoroji ya tekinoroji ya Hybrid ihuza uburyo butatu bwo gutwikira cyane.
Nkigifuniko cyose, titanium-silicon ishingiye (TiSi) itanga imashini nziza.Iyi myenda irashobora gukoreshwa mugutunganya ibyuma byombi bikomeye hamwe nibintu bitandukanye bya karbide (gukomera kwa HRC 65) hamwe nicyuma giciriritse (gukomera kwa HRC 40).Igishushanyo mbonera cyimyenda irashobora guhuzwa ukurikije porogaramu zitandukanye.Nkigisubizo, ibikoresho bya titanium silicone bishingiye kubikoresho byo gukata birashobora gukoreshwa mugukata no gutunganya ibikoresho byinshi byakazi kuva kumashanyarazi menshi, avanze cyane kugeza kumashanyarazi akomeye hamwe na titanium.Ibizamini byo kurangiza cyane kurwego rwo hejuru (gukomera HRC 44) byerekanye ko ibikoresho byo gukata bifunze bishobora kongera ubuzima bwikubye hafi kabiri kandi bikagabanya ubukana bwubutaka inshuro 10.
Ipitingi ya titanium-silicon igabanya kugabanuka gukurikira.Bene ibyo byateganijwe bizakoreshwa mugutunganya hamwe n'umuvuduko mwinshi wo kugabanya, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe nigipimo kinini cyo gukuraho ibyuma.
Kubindi bikoresho bimwe bya PVD (cyane cyane micro-alloyed coatings), ibigo bitwikiriye nabyo birakorana cyane nababitunganya kugirango bakore ubushakashatsi kandi batezimbere ibisubizo bitandukanye byateguwe neza.Kubwibyo, iterambere ryibanze muburyo bwo gutunganya neza, gukata ibikoresho, gukoresha ubuziranenge, no guhuza ibikoresho, gutwikira no gutunganya birashoboka, kandi birashoboka.Mugukorana numufatanyabikorwa wumwuga, abakoresha barashobora kongera imikoreshereze yibikoresho byabo mubuzima bwabo bwose.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-07-2022