Ikoranabuhanga rya cathodic arc ion coating rikoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo gukuraho arc field cold arc. Ikoranabuhanga rya mbere ryo gukuraho arc field cold field mu gice cyo gusigaho arc ryakoreshejwe na Multi Arc Company yo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Izina ry'iki gikorwa mu Cyongereza ni arc ionplating (AIP). Cathode arc ion coatin...
Nyuma y’uko havumbuwe ingaruka za photovoltaic mu Burayi mu 1863, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zakoze ingirabuzimafatizo ya mbere ya photovoltaic ifite (Se) mu 1883. Mu minsi ya mbere, ingirabuzimafatizo za photovoltaic zakoreshwaga cyane cyane mu by’indege, mu bya gisirikare no mu bindi. Mu myaka 20 ishize, igabanuka rikomeye ry’ikiguzi cya photovoltaic...
Ikoreshwa rya filime ntoya zikoresha urumuri mu bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga nka telefoni zigendanwa ryavuye ku nyubako zisanzwe za kamera zijya mu cyerekezo gitandukanye, nko ku nyubako za kamera, infrared cutoff filters (IR-CUT), na NCVM coating ku bifuniko bya bateri za telefoni zigendanwa. Uburyo kamera ikoresha...