ʻenehana kānana magnetic

Kumumanaʻo kumu o ka mea kānana magnetic
ʻO ke ʻano kānana o ka mea kānana magnetic no nā ʻāpana nui i loko o ke kukuna plasma penei:
Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka plasma a me nā ʻāpana nui i ke kuleana a me ka lakio o ka hoʻopiʻi-i-ka-nuipa, aia kahi "pale" (ʻo ia hoʻi he baffle a i ʻole kahi paia paipu kūlou) e kau ana ma waena o ka substrate a me ka ʻili cathode, kahi e ālai ai i nā ʻāpana e neʻe ana ma kahi laina pololei ma waena o ka cathode a me ka substrate, ʻoiai hiki ke hoʻohuli ʻia nā ion e ke kahua magnetic a hele ma waena o ka "pale" i ka substrate.

Kumu hana o ka mea kānana magnetic

I loko o ke kahua makeneka, ʻo Pe<

ʻO Pe ​​lāua ʻo Pi nā radii Larmor o nā electrons a me nā ions, a ʻo a ke anawaena o loko o ke kānana magnetic. Hoʻopilikia ʻia nā electrons i loko o ka plasma e ka ikaika Lorentz a milo ma ke kahua magnetic ma ke axial, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hopena o ke kahua magnetic i ka hui ʻana o nā ions ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā ions a me nā electrons ma ka radius Larmor. Eia naʻe, i ka neʻe ʻana o ka electron ma ke axis o ka mea kānana magnetic, e huki ia i nā ions ma ke axial no ka neʻe rotational ma muli o kona kiko a me ke kahua uila maikaʻi ʻole, a ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka electron ma mua o ka ion, no laila e huki mau ka electron i ka ion i mua, ʻoiai e noho mau ana ka plasma me ka quasi-electrically neutral. He electrically neutral a i ʻole ka hoʻopiʻi iki ʻia nā ʻāpana nui, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ke ʻano ma mua o nā ions a me nā electrons, ʻaʻole i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ke kahua magnetic a me ka neʻe linear ma ke inertia, a e kānana ʻia ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana me ka paia o loko o ka mea hana.
Ma lalo o ka hana i hui pū ʻia o ke kūlou ʻana o ke kahua magnetic curvature a me ka gradient drift a me nā collisions ion-electron, hiki ke hoʻohuli ʻia ka plasma i loko o ka mea kānana magnetic. I loko o nā kumu hoʻohālike theoretical maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia lā ʻo ia ke kumu hoʻohālike flux Morozov a me ke kumu hoʻohālike rotor paʻa Davidson, nona ka hiʻohiʻona maʻamau: aia kahi kahua magnetic e hoʻoneʻe ai i nā electrons ma ke ʻano helical paʻa.
Pono ka ikaika o ke kahua magnetic e alakaʻi ana i ka neʻe axial o ka plasma i loko o ka mea kānana magnetic e like me kēia:

ʻO Mi, Vo, a me Z ka nuipa ion, ka wikiwiki o ka lawe ʻana, a me ka helu o nā uku i lawe ʻia. ʻO a ke anawaena o loko o ke kānana magnetic, a ʻo e ka uku electron.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻa piha ʻia kekahi mau ion ikehu kiʻekiʻe e ke kukuna electron. Hiki iā lākou ke hōʻea i ka paia o loko o ke kānana magnetic, e hana ana i ka paia o loko i kahi hiki maikaʻi, kahi e pale ai i nā ion mai ka hoʻomau ʻana e hōʻea i ka paia o loko a hoʻemi i ka nalowale o ka plasma.
Wahi a kēia hanana, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia kahi kaomi bias maikaʻi kūpono i ka paia o ka mea kānana magnetic e kāohi i ke kuʻi ʻana o nā ions e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono o ka lawe ʻana o ka ion i pahuhopu.

Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka mea kānana magnetic
(1) ʻAno laina. Hana ke kahua magnetic ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi no ke kahe ʻana o ke kukuna ion, e hōʻemi ana i ka nui o ke kiko cathode a me ka hapa o nā hui ʻāpana macroscopic, me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā collisions i loko o ka plasma, e koi ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā ʻāpana neutral i mau ion a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka helu o nā hui ʻāpana macroscopic, a me ka hōʻemi wikiwiki ʻana i ka helu o nā ʻāpana nui i ka piʻi ʻana o ka ikaika o ke kahua magnetic. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke ʻano uhi ion multi-arc maʻamau, lanakila kēia mea hana i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ka emi nui ʻana o ka pono i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe a hiki ke hōʻoia i ka helu waiho ʻana o ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni mau loa me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka helu o nā ʻāpana nui ma kahi o 60%.
(2) ʻAno piʻo. ʻOiai he ʻano like ʻole ke ʻano o ke ʻano, akā like ke kumu nui. Neʻe ka plasma ma lalo o ka hana hui pū ʻana o ke kahua magnetic a me ke kahua uila, a hoʻohana ʻia ke kahua magnetic e hoʻopaʻa a kāohi i ka plasma me ka ʻole o ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka neʻe ʻana ma ke kuhikuhi o nā laina ikaika magnetic. A e neʻe nā ʻāpana i hoʻopiʻi ʻole ʻia ma ke laina a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia. ʻO nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e kēia mea hana hoʻonohonoho he paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, haʻahaʻa ka ʻili, maikaʻi ka nui, like ka nui o ka palaoa, a me ka hoʻopili ʻana o ke kumu kiʻiʻoniʻoni ikaika. Hōʻike ka loiloi XPS hiki i ka paʻakikī o ka ʻili o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni ta-C i uhi ʻia me kēia ʻano mea hana ke hiki i 56 GPa, no laila ʻo ka mea hana hoʻonohonoho piʻo ke ʻano i hoʻohana nui ʻia a kūpono hoʻi no ka wehe ʻana i nā ʻāpana nui, akā pono e hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻia ka pono o ka lawe ʻana ion i ka pahuhopu. ʻO ka mea kānana magnetic kūlou 90° kekahi o nā mea hana hoʻonohonoho piʻo i hoʻohana nui ʻia. Hōʻike nā hoʻokolohua ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻili o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni Ta-C ʻaʻole nui ka loli o ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻili o ka mea kānana magnetic kūlou 360° i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka mea kānana magnetic kūlou 90°, no laila hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka hopena o ka kānana magnetic kūlou 90° no nā ʻāpana nui. ʻO ka mea kānana magnetic 90° bend he ʻelua ʻano o nā ʻano hana: ʻo kekahi he solenoid bend i waiho ʻia i loko o ke keʻena hakahaka, a ʻo kekahi i waiho ʻia ma waho o ke keʻena hakahaka, a ʻo ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o lākou aia wale nō i ke ʻano hana. ʻO ke kaomi hana o ka mea kānana magnetic 90° bend ma ke kauoha o 10-2Pa, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻano hana like ʻole, e like me ka uhi nitride, oxide, amorphous carbon, semiconductor film a me ka metal a i ʻole non-metal film.

Ka pono o ka mea kānana magnetic
ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki i nā ʻāpana nui a pau ke nalowale i ka ikehu kinetic i nā kuʻi mau ʻana me ka paia, e hiki aku kahi helu o nā ʻāpana nui i ke substrate ma o ka puka paipu. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka kānana ʻana o nā ʻāpana nui i kahi mea kānana magnetic lōʻihi a haiki, akā i kēia manawa e hoʻonui ia i ka nalowale o nā ion target a i ka manawa like e hoʻonui ai i ka paʻakikī o ke ʻano. No laila, ʻo ka hōʻoia ʻana he maikaʻi loa ka wehe ʻana o nā ʻāpana nui o ka mea kānana magnetic a me ka pono kiʻekiʻe o ka lawe ʻana ion he mea pono ia no ka ʻenehana uhi ion multi-arc e loaʻa kahi manaʻolana ākea i ka waiho ʻana i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi hana kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻopilikia ʻia ka hana o ka mea kānana magnetic e ka ikaika o ke kahua magnetic, ka bias kūlou, ka puka baffle mechanical, ke au kumu arc a me ke kihi hanana ʻāpana i hoʻopiʻi ʻia. Ma ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā palena kūpono o ka mea kānana magnetic, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka hopena kānana o nā ʻāpana nui a me ka pono hoʻoili ion o ka pahuhopu.