Ke ʻano o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi optical

ʻO ke ʻano o ka ʻili lahilahi optical e pili ana i ke ʻano o nā waiwai optical, nā palena optical a me nā waiwai non-optical, ʻo nā waiwai optical e pili nui ana i ka reflectance spectral, transmittance a me ka pohō optical (ka pohō omo a me ka pohō noʻonoʻo) o ka ʻili lahilahi optical. ʻO ka transmittance a me ka reflectance nā waiwai optical kumu loa o nā ʻili lahilahi optical, no laila ʻo ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka transmittance ʻili lahilahi a me ka reflectance ke ʻano hoʻāʻo kumu no nā ʻili lahilahi optical. ʻO nā palena optical o ka ʻili lahilahi optical e pili ana i ka refractive index, ka coefficient absorption a me ka mānoanoa o ka ʻili lahilahi optical. Ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa stoichiometric i nā ʻāpana mea o ka ʻili lahilahi optical i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e ke kaʻina hana maoli, ʻaʻole homogeneous a dense ke ʻano, akā aia nā microstructures a me nā hemahema like ʻole, ʻaʻole maopopo loa ka papa ʻili dielectric, a aia kahi absorption nāwaliwali, ʻoiai aia nā non-uniformity spatial a me ka anisotropy phase i ka refractive index o ka ʻili, a ʻaʻole he interface palena ʻole a maʻalahi ke ʻili. ʻOi aku ka mea nui, i ke kaʻina hana hoʻomākaukau maoli, he hopena nui nā palena o ke kaʻina hana hoʻomākaukau kiʻiʻoniʻoni i nā palena optical o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni, no laila he mea koʻikoʻi loa ka hōʻoia manawa maoli o nā palena optical o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka ʻili lahilahi optical ma ke ʻano he mea hana i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kaiapuni maoli, me nā ʻano optical o ka mea hana e pono ai ke hoʻokō i nā koi, aia nā ʻano ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe o ka ʻili e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni, e like me ka hoʻopili ʻana o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ke kaumaha o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ka paʻakikī o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me ka ʻili o ka ʻili a me ka hiki o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni ke kū i ke kaiapuni a pēlā aku. No laila, he mea nui e ana pololei i nā palena like ʻole a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻano e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana ʻili lahilahi.

Hoʻāʻo nui ʻia ka hoʻoili ʻana a me ka reflectance o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea loiloi hoʻāʻo spectral. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea loiloi spectral no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni optical i nā spectrophotometer UV-Vis, nā spectrophotometer infrared a me nā spectrometer Fourier infrared e like me nā hui hoʻāʻo like ʻole. Hoʻohana nā mea ʻelua mua i ke kumumanaʻo spectroscopy spectral o ka loiloi a me ka ʻōnaehana hoʻāʻo, ʻo ka mea hope e pili ana i ke kumumanaʻo o ka ʻōnaehana loiloi spectral interference. Ma muli o nā ʻano geometric like ʻole a me nā ʻano o nā mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi, ʻoiai nā ana transmittance a me reflectance āpau, akā no nā ʻano like ʻole, ka pololei like ʻole a i ʻole nā ​​​​koi polarization like ʻole, pono paha nā ʻano hoʻāʻo like ʻole a me nā ʻenehana.

–Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia kēia ʻatikala emea hana mīkini uhi hakahakaGuangdong Zhenhua