Inqubo yokushisa izinto eziqinile endaweni ephezulu ye-vacuum ukuze i-sublimate noma i-evaporate bese ifakwa endaweni ethile ukuze kutholakale ifilimu encane yaziwa ngokuthi i-vacuum evaporation coating (ebizwa ngokuthi i-evaporation coating).
Umlando wokulungiswa kwamafilimu amancane ngenqubo yokuhwamuka kwe-vacuum ungalandelelwa emuva ngawo-1850. Ngo-1857, uM. Farrar waqala ukuzama ukugqoka i-vacuum ngokufudumeza izintambo zensimbi ku-nitrogen ukuze kwakheke amafilimu amancane. Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obuphansi be-vacuum ngaleso sikhathi, ukulungiswa kwamafilimu amancane ngale ndlela kwakudla isikhathi esiningi futhi kwakungeyona into engokoqobo. Kuze kube ngu-1930 ipompo yokusabalalisa uwoyela yasungulwa uhlelo lokupompa oluhlangene lwepompo, ubuchwepheshe be-vacuum bungathuthukiswa ngokushesha, okwenza ukugqoka i-vacuum kanye ne-sputtering kube ubuchwepheshe obusebenzayo.
Nakuba ukuhwamuka kwe-vacuum kuyindlela yasendulo yokubeka ifilimu encane, kodwa yizindawo zelebhu nezimboni ezisetshenziswa ngendlela evame kakhulu. Izinzuzo zayo eziyinhloko ukusebenza okulula, ukulawula okulula kwemingcele yokufaka kanye nokuhlanzeka okuphezulu kwamafilimu avelayo. Inqubo yokumboza i-vacuum ingahlukaniswa ngezinyathelo ezintathu ezilandelayo.
1) izinto ezivela kumthombo ziyashiswa futhi zincibilike ukuze ziphele noma zincibilike; 2) umusi ususwa ezintweni ezivela kumthombo ukuze ziphele noma zincibilike.
2) Umhwamuko udluliselwa kusuka emthonjeni uye endaweni engaphansi komhlaba.
3) Umhwamuko uyaqina phezu kobuso be-substrate ukuze wakhe ifilimu eqinile.
Ukuhwamuka kwe-vacuum kwamafilimu amancane, ngokuvamile kuyifilimu ye-polycrystalline noma ifilimu engaguquki, ifilimu eya esiqhingini inamandla, ngokusebenzisa izinqubo ezimbili ze-nucleation kanye nefilimu. Ama-athomu ahwamukayo (noma ama-molecule) ashayisana ne-substrate, ingxenye yokunamathela okuhlala njalo kwi-substrate, ingxenye yokumuncwa bese iphuma kwi-substrate, kanye nengxenye yokubonakaliswa okuqondile emuva kusuka ebusweni be-substrate. Ukunamathela ebusweni be-substrate yama-athomu (noma ama-molecule) ngenxa yokunyakaza kokushisa kungahamba phezu kobuso, njengokuthinta amanye ama-athomu kuzoqongelela emaqenjini. Amaqenjini kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kwenzeke lapho ukucindezeleka ebusweni be-substrate kuphezulu, noma ezinyathelweni zokuxazululwa kwe-substrate yekristalu, ngoba lokhu kunciphisa amandla amahhala ama-athomu ahlutshiwe. Lena inqubo ye-nucleation. Ukufakwa okwengeziwe kwama-athomu (ama-molecule) kuphumela ekwandeni kwamaqenjini amise okwesiqhingi (i-nuclei) okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla kuze kube yilapho enwetshwa abe yifilimu eqhubekayo. Ngakho-ke, isakhiwo kanye nezakhiwo zamafilimu e-polycrystalline ahlutshiwe aguqukile ahlobene eduze nesilinganiso sokuhwamuka kanye nokushisa kwe-substrate. Ngokuvamile, lapho izinga lokushisa le-substrate liphansi, izinga lokuhwamuka liyanda, kulapho uhlamvu lwefilimu luncipha futhi luba luningi khona.
–Lesi sihloko sikhishwe yi-umenzi womshini wokumboza nge-vacuumI-Guangdong Zhenhua
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-23-2024