Gabatarwar tarihin ci gaban fasahar evaporation

Tsarin dumama kayan daskararru a cikin yanayi mai ƙarfi don sumulta ko ƙafewa da kuma sanya su a kan wani takamaiman substrate don samun siririn fim ana kiransa da murfin ƙafewar iska (wanda ake kira da murfin ƙafewar iska).

Tarihin shirya fina-finai masu siriri ta hanyar amfani da tsarin fitar da iskar gas daga injin za a iya gano shi tun daga shekarun 1850. A shekarar 1857, M. Farrar ya fara ƙoƙarin shafa fenti ta hanyar amfani da waya na ƙarfe a cikin nitrogen don samar da fina-finai masu siriri. Saboda ƙarancin fasahar injin a wancan lokacin, shirya fina-finai masu siriri ta wannan hanyar yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo kuma ba shi da amfani. Har zuwa shekarar 1930, an kafa tsarin famfon haɗin famfo na injiniya, fasahar injin na iya zama mai sauri, amma kawai don sanya fenti da fesawa su zama fasaha mai amfani.

Duk da cewa fitar da iskar gas daga injina ta tsohuwa wata fasaha ce ta adana fim mai siriri, amma ita ce wuraren gwaje-gwaje da masana'antu da ake amfani da su a mafi yawan hanyoyin. Manyan fa'idodinta sune sauƙin aiki, sauƙin sarrafa sigogin adanawa da kuma tsaftar fina-finan da suka biyo baya. Tsarin rufewar injina ta tsohuwa za a iya raba shi zuwa matakai uku masu zuwa.

1) ana dumama kayan tushen kuma ana narkewa don ƙafewa ko kuma a rage su; 2) ana cire tururin daga kayan tushen don ƙafewa ko kuma a rage su.

2) Ana canja tururin daga tushen kayan zuwa substrate.

3) Tururin yana taruwa a saman substrate don samar da fim mai ƙarfi.

Fitar da siraran fim, galibi fim ne na polycrystalline ko fim mai amorphous, girman fim zuwa tsibiri shine mafi rinjaye, ta hanyar nucleation da fim guda biyu. Kwayoyin halitta masu ƙafewa (ko kwayoyin halitta) suna karo da substrate, wani ɓangare na haɗewar dindindin ga substrate, wani ɓangare na shaye-shaye sannan a ƙafe daga substrate, da kuma wani ɓangare na nuni kai tsaye daga saman substrate. Mannewa ga saman substrate na atoms (ko kwayoyin halitta) saboda motsi na zafi na iya motsawa tare da saman, kamar taɓa wasu kwayoyin halitta za su taru cikin gungu. Gungu suna iya faruwa inda damuwa akan saman substrate yake da yawa, ko kuma akan matakan narkewa na substrate na crystal, saboda wannan yana rage kuzarin 'yanci na atoms masu shaye-shaye. Wannan shine tsarin nucleation. Ƙarin ajiye atoms (kwayoyin halitta) yana haifar da faɗaɗa gungu masu siffar tsibiri (nuclei) da aka ambata a sama har sai an faɗaɗa su zuwa fim mai ci gaba. Saboda haka, tsari da halayen fina-finan polycrystalline masu ƙafewa daga vacuum suna da alaƙa da ƙimar ƙafewa da zafin substrate. Gabaɗaya magana, ƙarancin zafin substrate, mafi girman ƙimar ƙafewar iska, mafi ƙanƙanta da kauri na fim ɗin.

– An fitar da wannan labarin ne dagainjin shafa injin injinGuangdong Zhenhua