Intangiriro y'amateka yo guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ryo mu kirere

Uburyo bwo gushyushya ibikoresho bikomeye mu kirere gifite umwuka mwinshi kugira ngo bihinduke cyangwa bihinduke umwuka hanyuma bishyirwe ku kintu runaka kugira ngo haboneke agace gato kizwi nka vacuum evaporation coating (byitwa evaporation coating).

Amateka y’itegurwa rya firime ntoya hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusohora umwuka mu buryo bwa vacuum aturuka mu myaka ya 1850. Mu 1857, M. Farrar yatangiye kugerageza gusiga irangi ry’icyuma mu buryo bwa vacuum binyuze mu gusohora insinga z’icyuma muri azote kugira ngo hakorwe firime ntoya. Kubera ikoranabuhanga rito ry’irangi ry’icyuma muri icyo gihe, gutegura firime ntoya muri ubu buryo byatwaraga igihe kinini kandi ntibyari ingirakamaro. Kugeza mu 1930, pompe y’amavuta yari imaze gushyirwaho, uburyo bwo gusuka irangi bw’icyuma bushobora gutera imbere byihuse, ariko bigatuma gusuka umwuka mu buryo bwa vacuum no gusukamo umwuka biba ikoranabuhanga rifatika.

Nubwo gusohora umwuka mu buryo bw'umwuka ari ikoranabuhanga rya kera ryo gushyiramo filime nto, ariko ni ahantu hakoreshwa muri laboratwari no mu nganda mu buryo busanzwe. Ibyiza byayo by'ingenzi ni imikorere yoroshye, kugenzura byoroshye ibipimo byo gushyiramo umwuka no kugira isuku nyinshi ya filime zivuyemo. Uburyo bwo gusiga umwuka mu buryo bw'umwuka bushobora kugabanywamo intambwe eshatu zikurikira.

1) ibikoresho bikomokaho birashyuha kandi bigashonga kugira ngo bihinduke cyangwa bihinduke; 2) umwuka uvanwa mu bikoresho bikomokaho kugira ngo bihinduke cyangwa bihinduke.

2) Umwotsi wimurwa uva mu gikoresho cy'isoko ujya mu gice cy'ubutaka.

3) Umwotsi winjira ku buso bw'ubutaka kugira ngo ukore agahu gakomeye.

Guhindura imiterere y’ibice byoroheje, muri rusange ni filime ya polycrystalline cyangwa filime idahinduka, filime ijya ku kirwa ni yo iganza, binyuze mu miterere ibiri ya nucleation na filime. Atome zavuye mu mwuka (cyangwa molekile) zihura n’igice cy’ubutaka, igice cy’aho bihurira n’igice cy’ubutaka, igice cy’aho bihurira hanyuma bigahinduka umwuka uva ku gice cy’ubutaka, n’igice cy’aho bigarukira bivuye ku gice cy’ubutaka. Gufata ku buso bw’atome (cyangwa molekile) bitewe n’ubushyuhe bishobora kugenda ku buso, nko gukora ku zindi atome bizahurira mu matsinda. Amatsinda akunze kubaho cyane iyo umuvuduko uri hejuru ku buso bw’ubutaka, cyangwa ku ntambwe zo gushonga kw’igice cy’ubutaka cya kristu, kuko ibi bigabanya ingufu z’ubuntu za atome zavuyemo. Iyi ni inzira yo gushyiraho imiterere y’ibice by’ubutaka. Gushyiramo atome (molekule) birushaho kwaguka mu matsinda afite ishusho nk’iy’ikirwa (nuclei) yavuzwe haruguru kugeza igihe byagutse bikaba filime ihoraho. Kubwibyo, imiterere n’imiterere ya filime za polycrystalline zavuyemo umwuka bifitanye isano rya hafi n’igipimo cyo guhindura umwuka n’ubushyuhe bw’igice cy’ubutaka. Muri rusange, uko ubushyuhe bwa substrate buba buri hasi, ni ko umuvuduko w'amazi uba mwinshi, ni ko impeshyi ya firime iba nto kandi ikagira ubucucike bwinshi.

–Iyi nkuru yasohotse nauruganda rukora imashini zikora imashini zikoresha umwuka ushyushyeGuangdong Zhenhua