Inqubo yokushisisa izinto eziqinile endaweni yevacuum ephezulu ukuze zinciphe noma zihwamuke futhi zifakwe endaweni ethile ukuze kutholwe ifilimu elincanyana yaziwa ngokuthi i-vacuum evaporation coating (okubizwa ngokuthi i-evaporation coating).
Umlando wokulungiswa kwamafilimu amancane ngenqubo yokuhwamuka kwe-vacuum ungalandelelwa emuva kuma-1850's. Ngo-1857, uM. Farrar waqala umzamo wokugcoba i-vacuum ngokuhwamulisa izintambo zensimbi ku-nitrogen ukuze zenze amafilimu amancane. Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe be-vacuum obuphansi ngaleso sikhathi, ukulungiswa kwamafilimu amancane ngale ndlela kwakudla isikhathi esiningi futhi kungenzeki. Kuze kube yi-1930 ipompo yokusabalalisa uwoyela kusungulwa uhlelo lokumpompa oluhlangene lwe-mechanical futha, ubuchwepheshe be-vacuum bungaba ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo, kuphela ukwenza ukuhwamuka kanye ne-sputtering coating kube ubuchwepheshe obusebenzayo.
Nakuba ukuhwamuka kwe-vacuum kuwubuchwepheshe bakudala bokufakwa kwefilimu emincane, kodwa indawo yaselabhorethri kanye nezindawo zezimboni ezisetshenziswa ngendlela evamile. Izinzuzo zayo eziyinhloko ukusebenza okulula, ukulawula okulula kwemingcele yokubeka kanye nokuhlanzeka okuphezulu kwamafilimu avelayo. Inqubo yokumboza i-vacuum ingahlukaniswa ngezinyathelo ezintathu ezilandelayo.
1) into ewumthombo iyashisisa futhi inyibilike ukuze ihwamuke noma i-sublimate; 2) umhwamuko uyasuswa kumthombo ukuze uhwamuke noma unciphe.
2) Umhwamuko udluliswa usuka emthonjeni uye endaweni engaphansi.
3) Umhwamuko ujiya endaweni engaphansi ukuze wenze ifilimu eqinile.
Ukuhwamuka kwe-vacuum kwamafilimu amancane, ngokuvamile ifilimu ye-polycrystalline noma ifilimu ye-amorphous, ukukhula kwefilimu kuya esiqhingini kuvelele, ngokusebenzisa i-nucleation nefilimu izinqubo ezimbili. Ama-athomu ahwamukile (noma ama-molecule) angqubuzana ne-substrate, ingxenye yokunamathiselwe unomphela ku-substrate, ingxenye ye-adsorption abese ehwamuka asuka ku-substrate, kanye nengxenye yokubonisa okuqondile emuva ukusuka endaweni engaphansi. Ukunamathela endaweni engaphansi yama-athomu (noma ama-athomu) ngenxa yokunyakaza okushisayo kungahamba phezulu, njengokuthinta amanye ama-athomu azonqwabelana abe amaqoqo. Amaqoqo angenzeka kakhulu lapho ingcindezi endaweni engaphansi komhlaba iphezulu, noma ezinyathelweni zokuxazululeka ze-crystal substrate, ngoba lokhu kunciphisa amandla amahhala ama-athomu adsorbed. Lena inqubo ye-nucleation. Ukubekwa okwengeziwe kwama-athomu (ama-molecule) kubangela ukwanda kwamaqoqo amise okwesiqhingi (ama-nuclei) okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla kuze kube yilapho enwetshwa abe ifilimu eqhubekayo. Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka kanye nezakhiwo zamafilimu e-vacuum evaporated polycrystalline ahlobene eduze nezinga lokuhwamuka kanye nezinga lokushisa le-substrate. Ngokuvamile, ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa le-substrate, izinga lokuhwamuka liyaphakama, okusanhlamvu kwefilimu kuyancipha futhi kuminyene.
-Le ndatshana ikhishwe nguumenzi womshini we-vacuum coatingI-Guangdong Zhenhua
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-23-2024