Kwizixhobo zokugquma i-vacuum, i-vacuum yokugqibela idla ngokuboniswa njengenye yeenkcukacha zobugcisa eziphambili. Nangona kunjalo, ukubaluleka kwayo kobunjineli kudlulela ngaphaya kokufundwa koxinzelelo olunye oluboniswa kwi-vacuum gauge. Ibonisa ukusebenza okudibeneyo kwegumbi le-vacuum, inkqubo yokumpompa, isakhiwo sokutywina, ukukhethwa kwezinto, unyango lomphezulu, ucoceko lwenkqubo kunye necebo lokulawula.
Kubavelisi bokugquma, uxinzelelo oluphantsi olupheleleyo luthetha ukuba inkqubo inokumisela indawo ecocekileyo nelawulekayo yokugquma. Nangona kunjalo, i-vacuum yokugqibela ayifanele ihlolwe ngokuzimeleyo. Ixabiso layo lokwenyani lixhomekeke ekubeni ingaba ingayixhasa na inkqubo yokugquma efunekayo, igcine iimeko ezizinzileyo zegesi eseleyo kwaye inikeze ukusebenza okuphindaphindwayo kwefilimu encinci phantsi kweemeko zemveliso eziqhubekayo.
Ukuqonda i-Ultimate Vacuum kwiiNkqubo zokugquma
Kwisigama sobunjineli, uxinzelelo olupheleleyo lubhekisa kuxinzelelo oluphantsi olunokuthi lujongwe yipompo yevacuum okanye inkqubo yevacuum ngaphandle kweempawu phantsi kweemeko zovavanyo ezichaziweyo kwaye ngaphandle komthwalo wegesi obodwa. I-ISO 3529 inika isigama esimiselweyo kwitekhnoloji yevacuum, ngelixa abavelisi bepompo yevacuum ngokubanzi bechaza uxinzelelo oluphezulu phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ezilawulwa ngokucacileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, kwinkqubo epheleleyo yokugquma i-vacuum, uxinzelelo olupheleleyo olulinganiswa ngaphakathi kwegumbi aluxhomekekanga kuphela ekusebenzeni okuqhelekileyo kwepompo ye-vacuum. Sisiphumo sokulingana kwesantya sokumpompa esisebenzayo kunye nomthwalo wegesi iyonke ngaphakathi kwenkqubo.
Lo mthwalo wegesi unokuvela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, kuquka ukuvuza komoya, ukuvuza okubonakalayo, ukutsalwa komphunga wamanzi, ukuphuma kwegesi kwi-substrate, ungcoliseko lwezixhobo, ukugcwala kwe-elastomer, ukutsalwa kwe-lubricant backstreaming kunye neentsalela zenkqubo ezifakwe kwiindawo zegumbi. Iipayipi ze-vacuum, iivalvu, ii-baffles kunye nezinye izinto nazo zivelisa ilahleko zokuqhuba, oko kuthetha ukuba isantya sokumpompa esisebenzayo kwigumbi sinokuba phantsi kakhulu kunesantya sokumpompa esilinganisiweyo kwindawo yokungena kwepompo.
Ke ngoko, i-ultimate vacuum ithathwa ngokuchanekileyo njengesalathisi esibanzi sobunjineli be-vacuum-system kunokuba ibe yiparameter yepompo ehlukanisiweyo.
Kubalulekile ukwahlula uxinzelelo oluphezulu kuxinzelelo olusisiseko kunye noxinzelelo lwenkqubo. Uxinzelelo oluphezulu luhlala lulinganiswa phantsi kweemeko ezichaziweyo zokungathwali mthwalo okanye zegumbi elicocekileyo. Uxinzelelo olusisiseko lubhekisa kuxinzelelo olufikelelweyo ngaphambi kokuba inkqubo yokubeka iqale, ngesiqhelo kufakwa ii-substrates kunye nezixhobo. Uxinzelelo lwenkqubo luxinzelelo olulawulwayo olugcinwa emva kokungenisa i-argon, ioksijini, i-nitrogen okanye ezinye iigesi zenkqubo.
Inkqubo yokugquma ingabonisa uxinzelelo oluphezulu xa igumbi lingenanto, kodwa lisebenze kakubi ngexesha lokuvelisa ukuba ii-substrates ezilayishiweyo zikhupha umphunga wamanzi omninzi okanye ungcoliseko lwezinto eziphilayo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, uvavanyo lobunjineli lomatshini wokugquma kufuneka lugxile kubuchule bawo bokugquma obuphezulu kunye nokusebenza kwawo koqobo kokucoca phantsi kweemeko zenkqubo yokwenyani.
I-Ultimate Vacuum njengeSibonakaliso soCoceko lweNkqubo
Enye yezona ntsingiselo zibalulekileyo zobunjineli ze-vacuum yokugqibela kukukwazi kwayo ukubonakalisa ukucoceka kwendawo ye-vacuum.
Njengoko uxinzelelo lusehla, uxinano lweemolekyuli zegesi eziseleyo ngaphakathi kwigumbi luyancitshiswa. Oku kunciphisa amathuba okuba amasuntswana aphumayo okanye atshileyo angqubane neemolekyuli zegesi ezingafunekiyo ngaphambi kokuba afikelele kwi-substrate. Kukwanciphisa ukubandakanyeka komphunga wamanzi, ioksijini, iihydrocarbons kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo kwi-nucleation yefilimu kunye nokukhula kwayo.
Kwiinkqubo zokubeka umphunga ngokwasemzimbeni ezifana nokutshiza kwemagnetron, ukuplatwa kwe-arc ion, ukufuma kokumelana kunye nokufuma kwe-electron-beam, iigesi ezisele zingasabela kunye neeathom ezigciniweyo okanye zifakwe kwifilimu ekhulayo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto zokugquma kunye nokusetyenziswa, oku kunokukhokelela kwi-oxidation engalawulwayo, ukufakwa kokungcola, uxinano lwefilimu oluphantsi, isalathisi sokungaguquguquki sokuqaqamba, ukwanda kokumelana kombane, ukunamathela okubi okanye utshintsho kubulukhuni kunye nombala.
Isiphumo sibaluleka ngakumbi kwiingubo ze-optical ezinezingqimba ezininzi, iifilimu ze-semiconductor, iingubo ze-conductive ezibonakalayo, iifilimu ze-metallic reflective kunye nezinye izicelo ezifuna ulawulo oluchanekileyo malunga nokwakheka kwefilimu. Nokuba uxinzelelo olusebenzayo ngexesha lokutshiza luphezulu kakhulu kunoxinzelelo lokugqibela, uxinzelelo lokuqala oluphantsi ngokwaneleyo lusafuneka ukunciphisa ungcoliseko lwangasemva ngaphambi kokuba kungeniswe igesi yenkqubo. Iingxelo ze-vacuum-coating yemizi-mveliso ngokufanayo zigxininisa ukuba ukutshiza kufuna ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwenkqubo-uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi olupheleleyo ukuxhasa ubumsulwa bemaleko kunye nokuzinza kwenkqubo.
Ngoko ke, i-vacuum yokugqibela kufuneka iqondwe njengendawo yokuqala yokucoceka kwenkqubo. Imisela imvelaphi yegesi eseleyo apho umoya olawulwayo wokugquma usekwe khona.
Impembelelo ekubunjweni kwefilimu kunye nokusebenza kwayo
Isiphumo se-vacuum yokugqibela sibonakala ekugqibeleni kwiimpawu zefilimu egciniweyo.
Kwizinto ezigqunywe ngesinyithi, ioksijini egqithisileyo kunye nomphunga wamanzi zinokubangela i-oxidation engaphelelanga ngexesha lokufakwa, nto leyo echaphazela ukuhanjiswa, ukubonakaliswa kunye nokuhambelana kombala. Kwizinto ezigqunywe nge-nitride, i-oxide kunye ne-carbide, imvelaphi ephezulu yegesi eseleyo inokuphazamisa umlinganiselo wegesi ephendulayo ocetywayo, okwenza ulawulo lwe-stoichiometric lube nzima ngakumbi.
Kwiinkqubo zokugquma ezibonakalayo, ungcoliseko lunokutshintsha i-refractive index kunye ne-extinction coefficient yee-layers nganye nganye. Xa ii-layers ezininzi ze-nanometer-scale zibekwe ndawonye, ukuphambuka okuncinci kwi-composition okanye kwi-density kunokuqokelelwa, okubangela ukutshintsha kwe-spectral, ukuncipha kokudluliselwa, ukwanda kokubonakaliswa okanye umbala ongahambelaniyo phakathi kwee-batches zemveliso.
Kwiifilimu eziqhuba umbane ezifana ne-ITO, i-AZO, isilivere, ithusi okanye ezinye iileya ezisebenzayo, ungcoliseko lwegesi eseleyo lunokunyusa ukumelana kwamaphepha kwaye lunciphise ukuhambahamba kokuthwala. Kwizicelo zokufaka ulusu oluqinileyo, ukungcola okugqithisileyo kunokuchaphazela ukukhula kweenkozo, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi, ubulukhuni, i-friction coefficient kunye nokumelana nokugqwala.
I-vacuum yokugqibela ayizichazi ngokuthe ngqo zonke ezi mpawu, kodwa imisela iimeko zomda apho iiparameter zokubeka zinokulawulwa khona. Indawo yokuhlanjwa kokuqala ecocekileyo inciphisa iinguqu ezingalawulwayo kwaye ivumela iiparameter zenkqubo ezifana nokuhamba kwegesi, amandla ekujoliswe kuwo, ukuthambekela kwe-substrate, izinga lokubeka kunye nobushushu be-substrate ukuba zidlale indima ezijoliswe kuyo.
Ulwalamano Phakathi kwe-Ultimate Vacuum kunye ne-Plasma Stability
Kwi-magnetron sputtering, i-arc ion plating kunye neenkqubo zokubeka i-plasma-enhanced deposition, imeko-bume ye-plasma ezinzileyo ixhomekeke kulawulo oluthembekileyo lokwakheka kwegesi kunye noxinzelelo.
Xa uxinzelelo olusisiseko luphantsi ngokwaneleyo, iigesi eziseleyo ziba yinxalenye yomoya weplasma. Indawo yokukhupha umoya yahlukile kwiindlela zokuhamba kwegesi eziboniswa ngabalawuli bokuhamba kobuninzi. Oku kunokubangela ukutsha okungazinziyo, ukuguquguquka kwevolthi yokukhupha umoya kunye nomsinga wombane, utshintsho ekusebenzeni kwe-ionization kunye notshintsho kwiimeko zokubeka umoya osabelayo.
Ukutshiza okusabelayo kubaluleke kakhulu kule ngxaki. Xa kufakwa ii-oxides, ii-nitrides okanye ezinye iifilimu ezidityanisiweyo, ibhalansi phakathi kwamandla ekujoliswe kuwo, ukuhamba kwegesi esabelayo, isantya sokumpompa kunye nokutsalwa kwegesi eludongeni lwegumbi kugqiba ukuba inkqubo isebenza kwimo yesinyithi, imo yotshintsho okanye imo ye-compound. Imvelaphi engalawulwayo yegesi eseleyo yenza olu lungelelwaniso lungaqikeleleki kwaye lunokunyusa umngcipheko wetyhefu ekujoliswe kuyo, ukugoba okanye ukushukuma kwesantya sokubeka.
Uxinzelelo oluphantsi noluphindaphindwayo lwesiseko lubonelela ngemeko yokuqala ezinzileyo yokutsha kweplasma kunye nokufakwa kwegesi. Oku kuphucula ukuphindaphindwa kweresiphi kwaye kunciphisa ubungakanani bokulungiswa kwenkqubo efunekayo phakathi kweebhetshi.
Ukunamathela kokugqibela kweVacuum kunye nokuGqibezela
Ukunamathela kwefilimu kuchatshazelwa kukucoceka kwe-substrate, ukusebenza komphezulu, ukungcola kwe-interfacial, ukuqhushumba kwe-ion kunye noxinzelelo lwefilimu. I-vacuum ephezulu idlala indima engathanga ngqo kodwa ebalulekileyo kwezi zinto.
Ngaphambi kokuba ibekwe, ii-substrates zihlala zifudunyezwa okanye zicocwe ngokukhupha ukukhanya, ukucocwa komthombo we-ion okanye ukugrunjwa kwe-metal-ion. Olu nyango lwenzelwe ukususa iigesi ezifunxwayo, iintsalela zezinto eziphilayo kunye neengqimba zomphezulu ezibotshelelwe bubuthathaka. Ukuba igumbi linomphunga wamanzi ophezulu okanye ii-hydrocarbons, umphezulu we-substrate ocociweyo unokuhlaziywa ngokukhawuleza ngaphambi kokuba ingqimba yokuqala esebenzayo ibekwe.
Uxinzelelo oluphantsi ngokwaneleyo lwesiseko lunciphisa ixesha phakathi kokucoca umphezulu kunye nokufakwa kwefilimu phantsi kweemeko ezingcolileyo. Oku kunceda ukugcina ujongano olucocekileyo kwaye kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokucoca i-ion kunye nokufakwa kwe-adhesion-layer.
Nangona kunjalo, i-vacuum ephezulu kakhulu iyodwa ayinakuqinisekisa ukunamathela okuqinileyo. Unyango lwangaphambi kwe-substrate, uyilo lwezixhobo, iinkqubo zokucoca, ubushushu bomphezulu, amandla e-ion kunye noxinzelelo lwefilimu nazo kufuneka zilawulwe ngokufanelekileyo. I-vacuum ephezulu kufuneka ibonwe njengenye yezinto zesicwangciso esipheleleyo sobunjineli be-interfacial.
Ukubaluleka kweempawu zokuPhupha
Kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso, ixesha elifunekayo ukuze kufikelelwe kuxinzelelo olusisiseko olujoliswe kulo lidla ngokuba libaluleke ngakumbi kunoxinzelelo oluphantsi olufikelelwayo emva kwexesha elide.
Igumbi lokugquma linokufikelela kuxinzelelo oluphantsi kakhulu ekugqibeleni, kodwa ukuba inkqubo yokuthomalalisa ithatha ixesha elide kakhulu, izixhobo aziyi kuhlangabezana nomjikelo wemveliso ofunekayo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, inkqubo efikelela ngokukhawuleza kuxinzelelo oluzinzileyo nolufanelekileyo kwinkqubo inokubonelela ngexabiso elikhulu lemveliso, nokuba uxinzelelo lwayo lokugqibela olusisiseko alukho phantsi kakhulu.
Ijika lokupompoza lityhila ulwazi oluninzi lobunjineli kunokufundwa kokugqibela okukodwa. Ngexesha lokuqala, ukwehla koxinzelelo kuxhomekeka kakhulu ekususweni kwegesi yomthamo wegumbi. Njengoko uxinzelelo luqhubeka luhla, ukutsalwa kweendonga zegumbi, izixhobo kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswayo kancinci kancinci kuba ngumthwalo wegesi ophambili. Ukuba ijika loxinzelelo lifikelela kwindawo engaqhelekanga, oku kunokubonisa ukuvuza, ukuphuma kwegesi kakhulu, ungcoliseko, ukonakala kwepompo okanye isantya sokumpompa esinganelanga.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, uvavanyo lwenkqubo ye-vacuum alufanele lubandakanye kuphela uxinzelelo lokugqibela kodwa nexesha lokuphuma, iimpawu zokubola koxinzelelo, ixesha lokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo emva kokuphuma komoya kunye nokuphindaphinda phakathi kwemijikelo.
Izinto Ezimisela Uxinzelelo Olupheleleyo Olunokufezekiswa
Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwezixhobo zokugquma lumiselwa yiyo yonke i-vacuum architecture.
Indibaniselwano yepompo ekhethiweyo imisela amandla okupompa ngokwethiyori. Ngokuxhomekeke kuluhlu lwe-vacuum olufunekayo, inkqubo ingasebenzisa iipompo ze-rotary vane, iipompo ze-screw ezomileyo, ii-Roots boosters, iipompo zokusasaza, iipompo ze-turbomolecular okanye iipompo ze-cryogenic. Nangona kunjalo, ukukhetha iipompo zodwa akwanelanga.
Ububanzi bombhobho, ubude bombhobho, ijiyometri yengqiniba, ukuhanjiswa kwevalvu kunye nendawo yokufakwa kwepompo zonke ezi zinto zichaphazela isantya sokumpompa esisebenzayo kwigumbi. Kwindawo yokuhamba kweemolekyuli, imibhobho emxinwa okanye emide kakhulu inokuthintela kakhulu ukuthuthwa kwegesi.
Izinto zegumbi kunye neemeko zomphezulu zibaluleke ngokulinganayo. Amagumbi entsimbi engagqwaliyo ngokubanzi anika ukuhambelana okuhle kwe-vacuum, kodwa umgangatho we-weld, uburhabaxa bomphezulu, umthamo ovalelekileyo kunye nongcoliseko lwangaphakathi kusenokuthintela ukusebenza kwe-vacuum. Izitywino ze-elastomer ziyasebenza kwiinkqubo ezininzi zokugquma zoshishino, nangona kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ukugqobhoza kunye nokuphuma kwegesi. Usetyenziso olufuna i-vacuum ephezulu kakhulu lunokufuna izitywino zesinyithi, izixhobo ezikhethekileyo, ukubhaka kwegumbi kunye neenkqubo zokucoca ezingqongqo.
Ubushushu bukwachaphazela i-vacuum yokugqibela. Ukufudumeza igumbi, i-substrate okanye isixhobo kunokukhupha umphunga wamanzi ofunxiweyo kunye neentsalela zenkqubo. Uxinzelelo lunokunyuka okwethutyana ngexesha lokufudumeza ngaphambi kokuba luwe njengoko iigesi ezikhutshiweyo zisuswa. Ngenxa yoko, uxinzelelo lwegumbi elibandayo kunye noxinzelelo lwenkqubo eshushu akufuneki ziphathwe njengezalathisi ezifanayo.
Ukukhethwa kunye nokufakelwa kwegeyiji ye-vacuum kufuneka kuqwalaselwe. Iiteknoloji ezahlukeneyo zegeyiji zineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokulinganisa, uvakalelo lwegesi kunye nokunyamezela ukungcola. Indawo yegeyiji inokubangela ukuba uxinzelelo olubonisiweyo lwahluke kuxinzelelo lokwenyani olukufutshane ne-substrate okanye i-pomping port. Inkcazo ye-ultimate-vacuum ethembekileyo ke ngoko kufuneka ichaze indawo yokulinganisa, uhlobo lwegeyiji, imeko yegumbi kunye nenkqubo yovavanyo.
I-Ultimate Vacuum njengeSixhobo sokuxilonga izixhobo
Utshintsho kuxinzelelo oluphezulu lubonelela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga nemeko yesixhobo.
Ukuba igumbi lifuna ixesha elingakumbi ukuze lifikelele kuxinzelelo olufanayo, unobangela usenokuba kukungcola kwegumbi, ioyile yepompo eyonakeleyo, imibhobho evalekileyo, imigibe egcweleyo, izitywino ezigugileyo okanye ukusebenza okunciphileyo kwepompo. Ukuba uxinzelelo lokugqibela luwohloka ngequbuliso, indlela entsha yokuvuza okanye ukusilela kwenxalenye kusenokuba kwenzeke.
Ukuthelekisa ii-pomp-down curves phakathi kwemijikelo yemveliso kunokunceda amaqela olondolozo ukuba abone ukuwohloka kokusebenza kancinci kancinci ngaphambi kokuba kubangele iziphene zokugquma. Xa zidityaniswe nokuchongwa kokuvuza kwe-helium, uhlalutyo lwegesi eseleyo, ukujonga umsinga we-pump kunye nokubhalwa kwedatha yenkqubo, iindlela zokugqibela zokukhupha umoya ziba sisalathisi esisebenzayo sokugcinwa kwangaphambili.
Uhlalutyo lwegesi eseleyo luluncedo ngakumbi xa uxinzelelo olupheleleyo lodwa lungenakuchaza ingxaki yenkqubo. Iinkqubo ezimbini ze-vacuum zinokubonisa uxinzelelo olupheleleyo olufanayo ngelixa ziqulathe izinto ezahlukeneyo zegesi. Igumbi elilawulwa ngumphunga wamanzi liziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo kwelinye elilawulwa kukuvuza komoya okanye ungcoliseko lwe-hydrocarbon. Uxinzelelo olupheleleyo lubonisa ubungakanani begesi eseleyo, ngelixa uhlalutyo loxinzelelo oluncinci lunceda ekuchongeni imvelaphi yalo.
Uxinzelelo oluphantsi alusoloko luyinjongo yodwa
Nangona uxinzelelo oluphantsi luhlala lubonelela ngendawo yokugcina izinto ecocekileyo, ukulandela ixabiso eliphantsi kangangoko akusoloko kuthetheleleka ngokwetekhnoloji okanye ngokwezoqoqosho.
Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokugquma zinemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokugquma. Iingubo zokuhombisa zePVD, ii-optical multilayers, iifilimu ze-semiconductor, iingubo zezixhobo kunye neengubo zokwakha ezinkulu azifuni uxinzelelo olufana nolwesiseko. Iinkcukacha ezigqithisileyo ze-vacuum zinokunyusa iindleko zezixhobo, ixesha lokupompa, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, ubunzima bokugcinwa kunye nobuthathaka kungcoliseko ngaphandle kokuvelisa uphuculo olulinganayo ekusebenzeni kwemveliso.
Injongo yobunjineli echanekileyo ke ngoko ayikokufikelela nje kuxinzelelo oluphantsi, kodwa kukumisela inqanaba le-vacuum elifanelekileyo kwizinto zokugquma, indlela yokufaka, imeko ye-substrate kunye neempawu zefilimu ezifunekayo.
Inkqubo eyilwe kakuhle kufuneka ifikelele kuxinzelelo olusisiseko oluchaziweyo ngaphakathi komjikelo wemveliso ofunekayo, igcine iimeko ezizinzileyo zegesi eseleyo ngexesha lokufudumeza nokufaka umoya, ibuye ibuyele kwimeko yayo emva kokuphuma komoya kwigumbi kwaye ixhase iziphumo zokugquma eziphindaphindwayo kwimveliso yexesha elide.
Ukuvavanya i-Ultimate Vacuum ngokwembono yemveliso
Xa kuvavanywa izixhobo zokugquma zoshishino, abasebenzisi kufuneka baphephe ukuthembela kuphela kwixabiso eliphantsi kakhulu elichazwe kwiphepha leenkcukacha.
Uvavanyo lokwamkelwa olunentsingiselo lufanele luchaze ukuba igumbi alinanto okanye lilayishiwe, nokuba inkqubo ibanda okanye ishushu, ukuba ipompelwe ixesha elingakanani, kusetyenziswa yiphi i-vacuum gauge kunye nendawo efakelwe kuyo i-gauge. Uvavanyo lufanele luqwalasele izinga lokuvuza kwegumbi, ixesha lokuphuma kwepompo, uzinzo loxinzelelo, ulawulo lwenkqubo-igesi kunye nokuphindaphindwa kwimijikelo emininzi yemveliso.
Kwizicelo ezifuna amandla amaninzi, kunokufuneka ukuba kuhlolwe ukwakheka kwegesi eseleyo, ukubuyiselwa koxinzelelo emva kokulayisha i-substrate kunye nokuziphatha koxinzelelo ngexesha lokucoca ii-ion okanye ukufudumeza i-substrate.
Ezi zikhombisi zibonelela ngovavanyo olusengqiqweni lokuba ingaba izixhobo zinokugcina na imeko-bume yokungafumani manzi efunekayo ukuze kuveliswe ubuninzi obuzinzileyo.
Isiphelo
Ukubaluleka kobunjineli bokugalela i-vacuum ekugqibeleni kwizixhobo zokugquma akupheleli nje ekubeni uxinzelelo lunokwehla kangakanani. Lumela ukucoceka kwendawo yokugcina izinto, ukuthembeka kwenkqubo yokutywina, ukusebenza kakuhle koyilo lokupompa kunye nokukwazi kwezixhobo ukulawula iigesi eziseleyo.
I-vacuum efanelekileyo nephinda-phindayo inceda ekunciphiseni ungcoliseko lwefilimu, ukuzinzisa ukukhutshwa kweplasma, ukuphucula ucoceko lwe-interfacial kunye nokuxhasa iimpawu ezibonakalayo, zombane, zokuhombisa kunye nezoomatshini. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, idala imeko yokuqala ethembekileyo kuyo yonke imijikelo yokugquma.
Kwizixhobo zokugquma i-vacuum cleaner zoshishino, ixabiso lokwenyani le-vacuum yokugqibela kufuneka livavanywe kunye nexesha lokuphuma kwepompo, izinga lokuvuza, ukwakheka kwegesi eseleyo, ukusebenza kwegumbi elilayishiweyo kunye nokuphindaphinda kwenkqubo ixesha elide.
Inkqubo yokufunxa i-vacuum engcono kakhulu ayisiyoleyo ifumana uxinzelelo oluphantsi lwamanani. Yileyo imisela imeko-bume yokufunxa i-vacuum efanelekileyo ngokufanelekileyo, iyigcine injalo kwaye iguqula olo zinzo lube kumgangatho wefilimu ophindaphindwayo kunye nemveliso enokwethenjelwa.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-22-2026