Tekinoroji yekuputira magiya

Tekinoroji yekuisa maPVD yagara ichishandiswa kwemakore mazhinji se tekinoroji itsva yekugadzirisa pamusoro, kunyanya tekinoroji yekuvhara maion vacuum, iyo yakawana budiriro huru mumakore achangopfuura uye ikozvino iri kushandiswa zvakanyanya mukurapa maturusi, maforoma, mhete dzepiston, magiya nezvimwe zvikamu. Magiya akafukidzwa akagadzirwa netekinoroji yekuvhara maion vacuum anogona kuderedza zvakanyanya friction coefficient, kuvandudza anti-wear uye mamwe maanti-corrosion, uye ave chinhu chinonyanya kutariswa uye chinonyanya kufarirwa mukutsvaga mumunda wetekinoroji yekusimbisa pamusoro pegiya.

Zvinhu zvinowanzoshandiswa pakugadzira magiya zvinosanganisira simbi yakagadzirwa, simbi yakagadzirwa, simbi yakagadzirwa, simbi isina ferrous (mhangura, aruminiyamu) uye mapurasitiki. Simbi inonyanya kushandiswa nesimbi 45, 35SiMn, 40Cr, 40CrNi, 40MnB, 38CrMoAl. Simbi ine kabhoni shoma inonyanya kushandiswa mu20Cr, 20CrMnTi, 20MnB, 20CrMnTo. Simbi yakagadzirwa inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mugiya nekuda kwekushanda kwayo kuri nani, nepo simbi yakagadzirwa inowanzo shandiswa kugadzira magiya ane dhayamita > 400mm uye chimiro chakaoma. Magiya esimbi yakagadzirwa anodzivirira guruu uye kuramba kupinza, asi kushaya simba uye kuramba kupfeka, kunyanya pakushanda kwakasimba, simba harisi kumhanya kwakaderera kana saizi yakakura uye chimiro chakaoma, rinogona kushanda kana risina mafuta, rakakodzera kutumirwa pachena. Simbi dzisiri dzesimbi dzinowanzoshandiswa isimbi yebronze yetin, aluminium-iron bronze uye casting alloy yealuminium, dzinowanzoshandiswa mukugadzira maturbine kana magiya, asi hunhu hwekutsvedza uye hwekudzivirira kukweshana hahuna kunaka, chete pamagiya akareruka, ane mutoro wepakati uye anomhanyisa zvishoma. Magiya asiri esimbi anonyanya kushandiswa mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzine zvinodiwa zvakakosha, zvakaita sekuzora mafuta pasina mafuta uye kuvimbika kwakanyanya. Nzvimbo yemamiriro ezvinhu akadai sekusvibiswa kwakaderera, senge midziyo yemumba, midziyo yekurapa, michina yechikafu nemichina yemachira.

Zvinhu zvekufukidza magiya

Zvinhu zvekugadzira zveceramic zvinhu zvinovimbisa zvikuru zvine simba guru uye kuomarara, kunyanya kudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya, kudzikira kwekupisa kwakanyanya uye kuwedzera kupisa, kudzikira kwekupisa kwakanyanya uye kudzikira kwe oxidation. Ongororo dzakawanda dzakaratidza kuti zvinhu zveceramic zvinogara zvichidzivirira kupisa uye hazvina kushatirwa zvakanyanya pasimbi. Nokudaro, kushandiswa kwezvinhu zveceramic panzvimbo pezvinhu zvesimbi zvezvikamu zvinodzivirira kupera kunogona kuvandudza hupenyu hwechikamu chekukweshana, kunogona kusangana nezvimwe zvezvinhu zvinopisa zvakanyanya uye zvinodzivirira kupera, zvakawanda zvinoshanda uye zvimwe zvakaoma. Parizvino, zvinhu zvekugadzira zveceramic zvave zvichishandiswa mukugadzira zvikamu zvinodzivirira kupisa kweinjini, kutumira kwemechanical muzvikamu zvekukwesha, michina yemakemikari muzvikamu zvinodzivirira ngura uye zvikamu zvekuvhara, zvichiratidza kushandiswa kwakakura kwezvinhu zveceramic.

Nyika dzakabudirira dzakadai seGermany, Japan, United States, United Kingdom nedzimwe nyika dzinokoshesa zvikuru kugadzirwa nekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvemainjiniya, dzichiisa mari yakawanda nevanhu kuti dzigadzire dzidziso yekugadzirisa uye tekinoroji yezvigadzirwa zvemainjiniya. Germany yakatanga chirongwa chinonzi "SFB442", chinangwa chayo chiri chekushandisa tekinoroji yePVD kugadzira firimu yakakodzera pamusoro pezvikamu kuti itsive mafuta anogona kukuvadza nharaunda nemuviri wemunhu. PW Gold nevamwe vekuGermany vakashandisa mari kubva kuSFB442 kushandisa tekinoroji yePVD kuisa mafirimu matete pamusoro pemabheyaringi anotenderera uye vakaona kuti mashandiro ekudzivirira kupfekwa kwemabheyaringi anotenderera akavandudzika zvakanyanya uye mafirimu akaiswa pamusoro anogona kutsiva zvachose basa rezvinowedzera zvinodzvinyirira zvakanyanya. Joachim, Franz nevamwe vekuGermany vakashandisa tekinoroji yePVD kugadzirira mafirimu eWC/C anoratidza hunhu hwakanaka hwekudzivirira kuneta, hwakakwira kupfuura hwemafuta ane zvinowedzera zveEP, mhedzisiro inoitawo mukana wekutsiva zvinowedzerwa zvinokuvadza nependi. E. Lugscheider nevamwe veInstitute of Materials Science, Technical University of Aachen, Germany, nemari kubva kuDFG (GermanResearch Commission), vakaratidza kuwedzera kukuru kwekudzivirira kuneta mushure mekuisa mafirimu akakodzera pasimbi ye100Cr6 vachishandisa tekinoroji yePVD. Pamusoro pezvo, United States General Mota dzakatanga kushandisa firimu radzo reVolvoS80Turbo rekuisa pamusoro pemagiya emotokari kuti dzivandudze kuramba kwekuneta; kambani ine mukurumbira yeTimken yakatanga firimu reES200 remagiya epamusoro; MAXIT gear coating yakanyoreswa yaonekwa muGermany; Graphit-iC neDymon-iC zvakateerana. Magiya ekugadzira ane zviratidzo zvakanyoreswa zveGraphit-iC neDymon-iC anowanikwawo muUK.

Sezvimwe zvikamu zvakakosha zvekutumira zvinhu zvemakanika, magiya anoita basa rakakosha muindasitiri, saka zvakakosha zvikuru kudzidza mashandisirwo ezvinhu zveceramic pamagiya. Parizvino, mainjiniya eceramic anoshandiswa pamagiya ndiwo anotevera.

1, TiN unhani rukoko
1, TiN

Kuputira kweIon TiN ceramic layer ndeimwe yemhando dzemachira anoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakugadzirisa pamusoro ane kuomarara kwakanyanya, simba rekunamatira rakawanda, low friction coefficient, good corrosion resistance, nezvimwewo. Yave ichishandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yakasiyana-siyana, kunyanya muindasitiri yezvishandiso nemould. Chikonzero chikuru chinokanganisa kushandiswa kweceramic coating pamagiya idambudziko rekubatana pakati peceramic coating ne substrate. Sezvo mamiriro ekushanda uye zvinhu zvinopesvedzera magiya zvakanyanya kuoma kupfuura zvezvishandiso nemould, kushandiswa kweTiN coating imwe chete pakugadzirisa pamusoro pegiya kwakaganhurirwa zvikuru. Kunyangwe ceramic coating iine mabhenefiti e high hardness, low friction coefficient uye corrosion resistance, haina kusimba uye yakaoma kuwana coating yakakora, saka inoda high hardness uye high strength substrate kuti itsigire coating kuitira kuti iite hunhu hwayo. Saka, ceramic coating inonyanya kushandiswa kune carbide uye high-speed steel surface. Giya racho rakapfava kana tichienzanisa nemidziyo yeceramic, uye musiyano uripo pakati pemhando ye substrate ne coating wakakura, saka kusanganiswa kwe coating ne substrate hakuna kunaka, uye coating haina kukwana kutsigira coating, zvichiita kuti coating ive nyore kudonha panguva yekushandiswa, kwete chete kuti haigone kutamba zvakanakira zve ceramic coating, asi ceramic coating particles dzinodonha dzichakonzera kupfeka kwe abrasive pagiya, zvichikurumidzisa kurasikirwa kwekupfeka kwegiya. Mhinduro iripo ndeyekushandisa composite surface treatment technology kuti uvandudze chisungo pakati pe ceramic ne substrate. Composite surface treatment technology inoreva kusanganiswa kwe physical vapor deposition coating nedzimwe nzira dzekurapa pamusoro kana coating, uchishandisa nzvimbo mbiri dzakasiyana/subsurfaces kugadzirisa pamusoro pe substrate material kuti uwane composite mechanical properties dzisingagone kuwanikwa ne single surface treatment process. TiN composite coating yakaiswa ne ion nitriding ne PVD ndeimwe yecomposite coatings dzakatsvakurudzwa zvakanyanya. Plasma nitriding substrate neTiN ceramic composite coating zvine chisungo chakasimba uye kusakara kuri nani zvakanyanya.

Ukobvu hwakanyanya hweTiN film layer ine resistance yakanaka yekupfeka uye firimu base bonding inenge 3~4μm. Kana ukobvu hwefirimu layer huri pasi pe2μm, resistance yekupfeka haizowedzere zvakanyanya. Kana ukobvu hwefirimu layer huri kupfuura 5μm, firimu base bonding ichadzikiswa.

2, Multi-layer, multi-component TiN unhani

Nekushandiswa zvishoma nezvishoma uye kwakapararira kweTiN coatings, kune tsvakurudzo dzakawanda pamusoro pekuti tingavandudza sei uye tinowedzera sei TiN coatings. Mumakore achangopfuura, macoatings ane zvikamu zvakawanda uye macoatings ane layer akawanda akagadzirwa zvichibva pa binary TiN coatings, dzakadai seTi-CN, Ti-CNB, Ti-Al-N, Ti-BN, (Tix,Cr1-x)N, TiN/Al2O3, nezvimwewo. Nekuwedzera zvinhu zvakaita seAl neSi kuTiN coatings, kuramba kuoxidation nekupisa kwakanyanya uye kuoma kwe coatings kunogona kuvandudzwa, nepo kuwedzera zvinhu zvakaita seB kunogona kuvandudza kuomarara uye simba rekunamatira kwe coatings.

Nekuda kwekuoma kwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakawanda, pane gakava rakawanda muchidzidzo ichi. Muchidzidzo che (Tix,Cr1-x)N multicomponent coatings, pane gakava guru mumhedzisiro yekutsvagisa. Vamwe vanhu vanotenda kuti (Tix,Cr1-x)N coatings yakavakirwa paTiN, uye Cr inogona kungovapo muchimiro chekutsiva solid solution muTiN dot matrix, asi kwete sechikamu cheCrN chakasiyana. Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti huwandu hwemaatomu eCr anotsiva zvakananga maatomu eTi mu (Tix,Cr1-x)N coatings hwakaganhurirwa, uye Cr yasara iripo mu singlet state kana kuti inoumba compounds neN. Mhedzisiro yekuyedza inoratidza kuti kuwedzerwa kweCr mu coatings kunoderedza saizi yeparticle pamusoro uye kunowedzera kuomarara, uye kuomarara kwe coatings kunosvika pakakwirira kana huwandu hweCr hukasvika pa3l%, asi kushushikana kwemukati kwe coatings kunosvikawo pakakwirira.

3, Zvimwe zvekunamira

Pamusoro pemachira eTiN anoshandiswa zvakanyanya, maceramics akawanda akasiyana-siyana einjiniya anoshandiswa kusimbisa pamusoro pegiya.

(1) Y. Terauchi nevamwe vekuJapan vakadzidza nezvekudzivirira kwetitanium carbide kana titanium nitride ceramic gears kubva pakukweshana kwesimbi kana kukweshana kwesimbi, zvakaiswa nenzira ye vapor deposition. Magiya acho akapiswa ne carburised uye akaposhwa kuti awane kuomarara kwepamusoro kweinenge HV720 uye kuomarara kwepamusoro kwe2.4 μm vasati vapeta, uye machira e ceramic akagadzirwa ne chemical vapor deposition (CVD) yetitanium carbide uye ne physical vapor deposition (PVD) yetitanium nitride, ine ukobvu hwe ceramic film hweinenge 2 μm. Hunhu hwekukweshana hwakaongororwa kana paine oiri ne dry friction, zvichiteerana. Zvakaonekwa kuti galling resistance uye scratch resistance ye gear vice yakawedzerwa zvakanyanya mushure mekupeta ne ceramic.

(2) Kuputira kwakagadzirwa neNi-P neTiN zvakaputirwa nemakemikari kwakagadzirwa nekuisa Ni-P sechikamu chekuchinja uye wozoisa TiN. Chidzidzo ichi chinoratidza kuti kuoma kwepamusoro kwekubatanidza uku kwakagadziridzwa kusvika pamwero wakati, uye kuputira kwacho kwakabatana zviri nani nechikamu uye kunodzivirira kupfeka zviri nani.

(3) WC/C, B4C firimu rakatetepa
M. Murakawa nevamwe vake, Dhipatimendi reMechanical Engineering, Japan Institute of Technology, vakashandisa tekinoroji yePVD kuisa WC/C thin film pamusoro pemagiya, uye hupenyu hwayo hwekushanda hwakapetwa katatu kupfuura magiya akajairwa anodzimwa uye akagadzirwa pasi pemamiriro ekuzora asina mafuta. Franz J nevamwe vake vakashandisa tekinoroji yePVD kuisa WC/C neB4C thin film pamusoro pemagiya eFEZ-A neFEZ-C, uye kuyedza kwakaratidza kuti PVD coating yakaderedza zvakanyanya kukweshana kwemagiya, yakaita kuti giya risanyanya kubatwa nekupisa kana gluing, uye yakavandudza kugona kwekutakura mutoro kwegiya.

(4) Mafirimu eCrN
Mafirimu eCrN akafanana nemafirimu eTiN nekuti ane kuomarara kwakanyanya, uye mafirimu eCrN anodzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya kupfuura TiN, ane simba rekudzivirira ngura, kushushikana kwemukati kwakaderera kupfuura mafirimu eTiN, uye kusimba kuri nani. Chen Ling akagadzira firimu reTiAlCrN/CrN rinodzivirira kupfeka rine bonding yakanaka kwazvo yakavakirwa pafirimu pamusoro peHSS, uye akakurudzirawo dzidziso ye dislocation stacking yefirimu re multilayer, kana musiyano wesimba re dislocation pakati pezvikamu zviviri wakakura, dislocation inoitika mune rimwe jira ichave yakaoma kuyambuka interface yayo kuenda kune rimwe jira, nokudaro ichigadzira dislocation stacking panzvimbo yacho uye ichitamba basa rekusimbisa zvinhu. Zhong Bin et akadzidza mhedzisiro ye nitrogen muchimiro che phase uye hunhu hwekukwesha kwe frictional yemafirimu eCrNx, uye chidzidzo chakaratidza kuti Cr2N (211) diffraction peak mumafirimu zvishoma nezvishoma yakadzikira uye CrN (220) peak yakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma nekuwedzera kweN2, zvidimbu zvikuru pamusoro pefirimu zvakaderera zvishoma nezvishoma uye pamusoro pacho paiwanzoita sepatete. Kana kufefetera kweN2 kwaive 25 ml/min (target source arc current yaive 75 A, firimu reCrN rakaiswa rine mhando yepamusoro, kuomarara kwakanaka uye kuramba kupfeka zvakanaka kana kufefetera kweN2 kuri 25ml/min (target source arc current iri 75A, negative pressure iri 100V).

(5) Firimu reSuperhard
Firimu reSuperhard ifirimu rakasimba rine kuomarara kuri kupfuura 40GPa, rinodzivisa kupfeka zvakanaka, rinodzivisa kupisa kwakanyanya uye rinodzivisa kukweshana kwakaderera uye rinochengetedza kupisa kwakaderera, kunyanya firimu redhaimani risingachinji uye firimu reCN. Mafirimu edhaimani asina chimiro chakafanana nechakafanana nechakaenzana ... vakaita kuverenga kwakasimba kwedzidziso vachishandisa kuverenga kwepseudopotential band kubva papfungwa yekutanga, vakasimbisa kuti β-C3N4 ine simba guru rekusunga, chimiro chakagadzikana chemuchina, kana imwe chete inogona kuvapo, uye elastic modulus yayo yakafanana nedhaimani, ine hunhu hwakanaka, iyo inogona kuvandudza kuomarara kwepamusoro uye kuramba kupfeka kwezvinhu uye kuderedza friction coefficient.

(6) Rumwe jira rekuputira rinodzivirira kupera simba re alloy
Mamwe machira anodzivirira kupfekwa kwesimbi akaedzwawo kuiswa pamagiya, semuenzaniso, kuiswa kweNi-P-Co alloy layer pamusoro pezino remagiya esimbi e45# imhando yealloy layer yekuwana kurongeka kwezviyo zvakapfava, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera hupenyu kusvika 1.144 ~ 1.533 times. Zvakadzidzwawo kuti Cu metal layer uye Ni-W alloy coating zvinoshandiswa pamusoro pezino reCu-Cr-P alloy cast iron gear kuti iwedzere simba rayo; Ni-W uye Ni-Co alloy coating zvinoshandiswa pamusoro pezino reHT250 cast iron gear kuti ivandudze kupfekwa kwesimbi ka4 ~ ka6 zvichienzaniswa negiya risina kupfekwa.