PVD deposition technology tau siv ntau xyoo los ua ib qho technology tshiab rau kev hloov kho qhov chaw, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tshuab nqus tsev ion txheej, uas tau txais kev txhim kho zoo heev nyob rau xyoo tas los no thiab tam sim no siv dav hauv kev kho cov cuab yeej, pwm, piston rings, iav thiab lwm yam khoom. Cov iav coated uas tau npaj los ntawm cov tshuab nqus tsev ion txheej tuaj yeem txo qhov coefficient ntawm kev sib txhuam, txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kev hnav thiab qee yam kev tiv thaiv kev xeb, thiab tau dhau los ua qhov chaw tseem ceeb thiab qhov chaw kub ntawm kev tshawb fawb hauv kev siv tshuab ua kom muaj zog ntawm qhov chaw iav.
Cov ntaub ntawv siv rau cov iav feem ntau yog cov hlau forged, hlau cam khwb cia, hlau cam khwb cia, cov hlau tsis yog ferrous (tooj liab, txhuas) thiab yas. Cov hlau feem ntau yog 45 hlau, 35SiMn, 40Cr, 40CrNi, 40MnB, 38CrMoAl. Cov hlau carbon qis feem ntau siv rau hauv 20Cr, 20CrMnTi, 20MnB, 20CrMnTo. Cov hlau forged siv dav dua hauv cov iav vim nws qhov kev ua tau zoo dua, thaum cov hlau cam khwb cia feem ntau siv los tsim cov iav nrog txoj kab uas hla> 400mm thiab cov qauv nyuaj. Cov iav hlau cam khwb cia tiv thaiv cov kua nplaum thiab pitting tsis kam, tab sis tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab hnav tsis kam, feem ntau rau kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov, lub zog tsis qis qis lossis loj thiab cov duab nyuaj, tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov tsis muaj lubrication, haum rau kev sib kis qhib. Cov hlau uas tsis yog ferrous feem ntau siv yog tin bronze, aluminium-iron bronze thiab casting aluminium alloy, feem ntau siv rau hauv kev tsim cov turbines lossis iav, tab sis cov khoom swb thiab tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam tsis zoo, tsuas yog rau lub teeb, nruab nrab load thiab qis-ceev iav. Cov iav khoom siv tsis yog hlau feem ntau siv rau hauv qee qhov chaw uas muaj cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb, xws li roj-dawb lubrication thiab kev ntseeg siab. Thaj chaw ntawm cov xwm txheej xws li kev ua qias tuaj tsawg, xws li cov khoom siv hauv tsev, cov khoom siv kho mob, cov tshuab zaub mov thiab cov tshuab textile.
Cov ntaub ntawv txheej iav
Cov khoom siv ua los ntawm cov khoom siv ceramic yog cov khoom siv zoo heev uas muaj lub zog thiab tawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tiv taus kub zoo heev, ua kom muaj cua sov tsawg thiab nthuav dav thermal, tiv taus hnav thiab tiv taus oxidation. Muaj ntau txoj kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias cov khoom siv ceramic yog cov khoom siv tiv taus kub thiab tsis hnav hlau. Yog li ntawd, kev siv cov khoom siv ceramic hloov cov khoom siv hlau rau cov khoom siv tiv taus hnav tuaj yeem txhim kho lub neej ntawm kev sib txhuam, tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qee qhov kub siab thiab cov khoom siv tiv taus hnav siab, ntau yam kev ua haujlwm thiab lwm yam kev xav tau nyuaj. Tam sim no, cov khoom siv ceramic engineering tau siv rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv tiv taus kub ntawm lub cav, kev sib kis hauv cov khoom siv hnav, cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg hauv cov khoom siv tiv taus xeb thiab cov khoom kaw, qhia tau tias muaj kev siv dav ntawm cov khoom siv ceramic.
Cov teb chaws tsim kho xws li Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Nyiv Pooj, Tebchaws Meskas, United Kingdom thiab lwm lub teb chaws muab qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho thiab kev siv cov khoom siv engineering ceramic, nqis peev ntau nyiaj thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm los tsim cov txheej txheem ua thiab thev naus laus zis ntawm engineering ceramics. Lub teb chaws Yelemees tau tshaj tawm ib qho kev pab cuam hu ua "SFB442", lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov no yog siv cov thev naus laus zis PVD los tsim cov zaj duab xis tsim nyog rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom kom hloov cov khoom siv roj nplua nyeem uas muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg lub cev. PW Gold thiab lwm tus hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees tau siv cov nyiaj los ntawm SFB442 los siv cov thev naus laus zis PVD los tso cov zaj duab xis nyias rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov kabmob dov thiab pom tias kev ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kev hnav ntawm cov kabmob dov tau zoo dua qub thiab cov zaj duab xis tso rau ntawm qhov chaw tuaj yeem hloov pauv tag nrho cov haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv tiv thaiv kev hnav siab heev. Joachim, Franz et al. hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees tau siv cov thev naus laus zis PVD los npaj cov zaj duab xis WC / C uas qhia txog cov khoom tiv thaiv kev qaug zog zoo heev, siab dua li cov roj nplua nyeem uas muaj cov khoom ntxiv EP, qhov tshwm sim uas zoo sib xws ua rau muaj peev xwm hloov cov khoom ntxiv tsis zoo nrog cov txheej txheem. E. Lugscheider et al. ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Science, Technical University of Aachen, Lub Teb Chaws Yelemees, nrog rau kev pab nyiaj los ntawm DFG (GermanResearch Commission), tau qhia txog kev nce ntxiv ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev qaug zog tom qab tso cov zaj duab xis tsim nyog rau ntawm 100Cr6 hlau siv cov thev naus laus zis PVD. Tsis tas li ntawd, Tebchaws Meskas General Motors tau pib hauv nws VolvoS80Turbo hom tsheb iav nto deposition zaj duab xis los txhim kho qhov qaug zog pitting tsis kam; lub tuam txhab Timken nto moo tau tshaj tawm lub npe ES200 iav nto zaj duab xis; cov npe sau npe MAXIT iav txheej tau tshwm sim hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees; cov npe sau npe Graphit-iC thiab Dymon-iC feem Gear coatings nrog cov npe sau npe Graphit-iC thiab Dymon-iC kuj muaj nyob rau hauv UK.
Ua ib qho khoom tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib kis tshuab, cov iav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam, yog li nws yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev kawm txog kev siv cov khoom siv ceramic rau ntawm cov iav. Tam sim no, cov khoom siv engineering ceramics siv rau cov iav yog cov hauv qab no.
1, TiN txheej txheej
1、TiN
Ion txheej TiN ceramic txheej yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem hloov kho nto uas siv dav tshaj plaws nrog kev tawv siab, lub zog lo rau siab, coefficient qis, tiv taus corrosion zoo, thiab lwm yam. Nws tau siv dav hauv ntau qhov chaw, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv kev lag luam cuab yeej thiab pwm. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau kev siv cov txheej txheem ceramic ntawm cov iav yog qhov teeb meem kev sib txuas ntawm cov txheej txheem ceramic thiab substrate. Txij li thaum cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm thiab cov yam ntxwv cuam tshuam ntawm cov iav nyuaj dua li cov cuab yeej thiab pwm, kev siv ib txheej TiN ntawm kev kho qhov chaw iav yog txwv heev. Txawm hais tias cov txheej txheem ceramic muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev tawv siab, coefficient qis thiab tiv taus corrosion, nws yog brittle thiab nyuaj rau tau txais cov txheej tuab dua, yog li nws xav tau cov txheej txheem hardness siab thiab lub zog siab los txhawb cov txheej txheem kom ua si nws cov yam ntxwv. Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem ceramic feem ntau yog siv rau carbide thiab high-speed steel nto. Cov khoom siv iav yog mos piv rau cov khoom siv ceramic, thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub substrate thiab cov txheej yog loj, yog li kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov txheej thiab cov substrate tsis zoo, thiab cov txheej tsis txaus los txhawb cov txheej, ua rau cov txheej yooj yim poob tawm hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv, tsis yog tsuas yog tsis tuaj yeem ua si qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej ceramic, tab sis cov khoom siv ceramic txheej uas poob tawm yuav ua rau muaj kev hnav abrasive ntawm cov iav, ua kom nrawm dua qhov hnav poob ntawm cov iav. Cov kev daws teeb meem tam sim no yog siv cov txheej txheem kho qhov chaw sib xyaw ua ke los txhim kho qhov sib txuas ntawm cov ceramic thiab cov substrate. Cov txheej txheem kho qhov chaw sib xyaw ua ke hais txog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov txheej txheem tso pa tawm lub cev thiab lwm cov txheej txheem kho qhov chaw lossis cov txheej txheem, siv ob qhov chaw sib cais / subsurfaces los hloov kho qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv substrate kom tau txais cov khoom siv kho tshuab sib xyaw uas tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm ib qho txheej txheem kho qhov chaw. TiN composite txheej tso los ntawm ion nitriding thiab PVD yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke tshawb fawb tshaj plaws. Lub plasma nitriding substrate thiab TiN ceramic composite txheej muaj kev sib txuas zoo thiab qhov tsis kam hnav tau zoo dua.
Qhov tuab zoo tshaj plaws ntawm TiN zaj duab xis txheej nrog kev tiv thaiv zoo heev thiab kev sib txuas ntawm zaj duab xis yog li 3 ~ 4μm. Yog tias qhov tuab ntawm zaj duab xis txheej tsawg dua 2μm, qhov kev tiv thaiv kev hnav yuav tsis zoo dua. Yog tias qhov tuab ntawm zaj duab xis txheej ntau dua 5μm, kev sib txuas ntawm zaj duab xis yuav txo qis.
2, Ntau txheej, ntau yam khoom TiN txheej
Nrog rau kev siv TiN coatings maj mam thiab dav dav, muaj ntau thiab ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb txog yuav ua li cas txhim kho thiab txhim kho TiN coatings. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, ntau-component coatings thiab multilayer coatings tau tsim raws li binary TiN coatings, xws li Ti-CN, Ti-CNB, Ti-Al-N, Ti-BN, (Tix, Cr1-x) N, TiN / Al2O3, thiab lwm yam. Los ntawm kev ntxiv cov ntsiab lus xws li Al thiab Si rau TiN coatings, qhov kev tiv thaiv rau qhov kub siab oxidation thiab hardness ntawm cov coatings tuaj yeem txhim kho, thaum ntxiv cov ntsiab lus xws li B tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov hardness thiab adhesion zog ntawm cov coatings.
Vim yog qhov nyuaj ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, muaj ntau qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb no. Hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm (Tix, Cr1-x) N multicomponent coatings, muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb loj hauv cov txiaj ntsig tshawb fawb. Ib txhia neeg ntseeg tias (Tix, Cr1-x) N coatings yog raws li TiN, thiab Cr tsuas yog muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom hloov pauv hauv TiN dot matrix, tab sis tsis yog ua ib theem CrN sib cais. Lwm cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias tus lej ntawm Cr atoms ncaj qha hloov Ti atoms hauv (Tix, Cr1-x) N coatings yog txwv, thiab Cr seem muaj nyob rau hauv lub xeev singlet lossis tsim cov sib xyaw nrog N. Cov txiaj ntsig sim qhia tau hais tias qhov ntxiv ntawm Cr rau lub txheej txo qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom nto thiab ua rau qhov nyuaj, thiab qhov nyuaj ntawm lub txheej ncav cuag nws tus nqi siab tshaj plaws thaum feem pua ntawm Cr ncav cuag 3l%, tab sis qhov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv ntawm lub txheej kuj ncav cuag nws tus nqi siab tshaj plaws.
3, Lwm cov txheej txheej
Ntxiv rau cov txheej txheem TiN uas siv ntau, ntau yam khoom siv engineering ceramics sib txawv siv rau kev ua kom lub ntsej muag iav muaj zog.
(1) Y. Terauchi et al. ntawm Nyiv Pooj tau kawm txog kev tiv thaiv kev hnav ntawm titanium carbide lossis titanium nitride ceramic gears uas tau tso los ntawm txoj kev vapor deposition. Cov iav tau raug carburized thiab polished kom ua tiav qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov chaw ntawm txog HV720 thiab qhov roughness ntawm qhov chaw ntawm 2.4 μm ua ntej txheej, thiab cov txheej ceramic tau npaj los ntawm kev siv tshuaj lom neeg vapor deposition (CVD) rau titanium carbide thiab los ntawm kev siv lub cev vapor deposition (PVD) rau titanium nitride, nrog rau cov zaj duab xis ceramic tuab ntawm txog 2 μm. Cov khoom hnav sib txhuam tau tshawb xyuas nyob rau hauv qhov muaj roj thiab kev sib txhuam qhuav, raws li. Nws tau pom tias qhov kev tiv thaiv galling thiab kev tiv thaiv khawb ntawm cov iav vice tau txhim kho ntau tom qab txheej nrog ceramic.
(2) Cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ntawm Ni-P thiab TiN uas tau pleev xim rau cov tshuaj lom neeg tau npaj los ntawm kev pleev xim Ni-P ua ntej ua ib txheej hloov pauv thiab tom qab ntawd tso TiN. Kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw no tau txhim kho mus rau qee qhov, thiab cov txheej txheem tau sib txuas zoo dua nrog cov khoom siv thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo dua.
(3) WC/C, B4C zaj duab xis nyias
M. Murakawa et al., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Japan Institute of Technology, siv PVD technology los tso WC/C zaj duab xis nyias rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov iav, thiab nws lub neej ua haujlwm yog peb npaug ntawm cov iav quenched thiab av ib txwm nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tsis muaj roj lubrication. Franz J et al. siv PVD technology los tso WC/C thiab B4C zaj duab xis nyias rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm FEZ-A thiab FEZ-C iav, thiab qhov kev sim tau qhia tias PVD txheej txo qhov kev sib txhuam ntawm cov iav, ua rau cov iav tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev nplaum kub lossis nplaum, thiab txhim kho lub peev xwm thauj khoom ntawm cov iav.
(4) CrN zaj duab xis
Cov yeeb yaj kiab CrN zoo ib yam li cov yeeb yaj kiab TiN uas lawv muaj qhov nyuaj dua, thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab CrN tiv taus kev kub siab oxidation dua li TiN, muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo dua, kev ntxhov siab sab hauv qis dua li cov yeeb yaj kiab TiN, thiab kev tawv zoo dua. Chen Ling thiab tau npaj cov yeeb yaj kiab TiAlCrN/CrN uas tiv taus kev hnav nrog kev sib txuas zoo heev ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm HSS, thiab kuj tau tawm tswv yim txog kev sib cais ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab ntau txheej, yog tias qhov sib txawv ntawm lub zog sib cais ntawm ob txheej loj, qhov kev sib cais uas tshwm sim hauv ib txheej yuav nyuaj rau hla nws qhov sib txuas mus rau lwm txheej, yog li tsim cov kev sib cais ntawm qhov sib txuas thiab ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev txhawb nqa cov khoom siv. Zhong Bin thiab tau kawm txog cov nyhuv ntawm cov ntsiab lus nitrogen ntawm cov qauv theem thiab cov khoom siv hnav ntawm CrNx yeeb yaj kiab, thiab kev tshawb fawb qhia tau tias Cr2N (211) diffraction ncov hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab maj mam qaug zog thiab CrN (220) ncov maj mam txhim kho nrog kev nce ntawm cov ntsiab lus N2, cov khoom loj ntawm qhov chaw zaj duab xis maj mam txo qis thiab qhov chaw feem ntau tiaj tus. Thaum N2 aeration yog 25 ml/min (lub hom phiaj arc tam sim no yog 75 A), cov zaj duab xis CrN uas tau tso rau hauv muaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw, qhov tawv zoo thiab tiv taus kev hnav zoo heev thaum N2 aeration yog 25 ml/min (lub hom phiaj arc tam sim no yog 75 A, qhov siab tsis zoo yog 100V).
(5) Zaj duab xis Superhard
Zaj duab xis Superhard yog zaj duab xis khov kho uas muaj qhov nyuaj tshaj 40GPa, tiv taus kev hnav zoo heev, tiv taus kub siab thiab coefficient sib txhuam tsawg thiab coefficient nthuav dav thermal tsawg, feem ntau yog zaj duab xis pob zeb diamond amorphous thiab zaj duab xis CN. Zaj duab xis pob zeb diamond amorphous muaj cov khoom amorphous, tsis muaj cov qauv txiav txim siab ntev, thiab muaj ntau cov ntawv cog lus CC tetrahedral, yog li lawv kuj hu ua tetrahedral amorphous carbon zaj duab xis. Ua ib hom zaj duab xis carbon amorphous, txheej txheej zoo li pob zeb diamond (DLC) muaj ntau yam khoom zoo ib yam li pob zeb diamond, xws li kev ua kom sov siab, tawv siab, modulus elastic siab, coefficient nthuav dav thermal qis, tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov zoo, tiv taus kev hnav zoo thiab coefficient sib txhuam tsawg. Nws tau pom tias kev txheej txheej zoo li pob zeb diamond zaj duab xis ntawm cov iav tuaj yeem ntev lub neej kev pabcuam los ntawm 6 qhov thiab txhim kho qhov kev tiv taus qaug zog. Zaj duab xis CN, tseem hu ua zaj duab xis carbon-nitrogen amorphous, muaj cov qauv siv lead ua zoo ib yam li β-Si3N4 covalent compounds thiab tseem hu ua β-C3N4. Liu thiab Cohen et al. ua cov kev xam zauv theoretical nruj siv cov kev xam zauv pseudopotential band los ntawm thawj-xwm, lees paub tias β-C3N4 muaj lub zog khi loj, lub cev ruaj khov, tsawg kawg ib lub xeev tsis ruaj khov tuaj yeem muaj, thiab nws cov modulus elastic zoo ib yam li pob zeb diamond, nrog cov khoom zoo, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov chaw thiab kev hnav tsis kam ntawm cov khoom siv thiab txo qhov sib txhuam coefficient.
(6) Lwm cov hlau alloy hnav-resistant txheej txheej
Qee cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv kev hnav khaub ncaws hlau kuj tau sim siv rau cov iav, piv txwv li, kev tso cov txheej txheem Ni-P-Co alloy rau ntawm cov hniav ntawm 45 # steel iav yog ib txheej alloy kom tau txais cov noob zoo heev, uas tuaj yeem ntev lub neej txog li 1.144 ~ 1.533 zaug. Nws kuj tau kawm tias Cu hlau txheej thiab Ni-W alloy txheej tau siv rau ntawm cov hniav ntawm Cu-Cr-P alloy cam khwb cia hlau iav kom txhim kho nws lub zog; Ni-W thiab Ni-Co alloy txheej tau siv rau ntawm cov hniav ntawm HT250 cam khwb cia hlau iav kom txhim kho kev hnav tsis kam los ntawm 4 ~ 6 zaug piv rau cov iav tsis muaj txheej.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Kaum Ib Hlis-07-2022