Gear coating teknolojia

PVD deposition tekinoroji yave ichiitwa kwemakore akawanda sechitsva chekugadzirisa tekinoroji, kunyanya vacuum ion coating tekinoroji, iyo yakawana budiriro yakakura mumakore achangopfuura uye yave kushandiswa zvakanyanya mukurapa maturusi, mold, piston mhete, magiya uye zvimwe zvikamu. Iwo akavharidzirwa magiya akagadzirwa ne vacuum ion coating tekinoroji anogona kudzikisa zvakanyanya friction coefficient, kuvandudza anti-kupfeka uye imwe anti-corrosion, uye yave yakatarisana uye inopisa nzvimbo yekutsvagisa mumunda wegiya rekusimbisa tekinoroji.

Zvinhu zvakajairika zvinoshandiswa kumagiya zvinonyanya kuumbwa simbi, simbi yakakandwa, simbi yakakandwa, isina-ferrous simbi (mhangura, aluminium) nemapurasitiki. Simbi inonyanya 45 simbi, 35SiMn, 40Cr, 40CrNi, 40MnB, 38CrMoAl. Yakaderera kabhoni simbi inonyanya kushandiswa mu20Cr, 20CrMnTi, 20MnB, 20CrMnTo. Simbi yakaumbwa inonyanya kushandiswa mumagiya nekuda kwekuita kwayo kurinani, nepo simbi yakakandwa inowanzo shandiswa kugadzira magiya ane dhayamita> 400mm uye yakaoma chimiro. Cast iron gears anti-glue uye pitting kuramba, asi kushomeka kwekukanganisa uye kupfeka kuramba, kunyanya yebasa rakagadzikana, simba harisi rakaderera kumhanya kana hukuru hukuru uye chimiro chakaoma, chinogona kushanda pasi pemamiriro ekushaikwa kwemafuta, akakodzera kutapurirana pachena. Masimbi asina-ferrous anowanzo shandiswa tin bronze, aluminium-iron bronze uye casting aluminium alloy, inowanzoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kweturbines kana magiya, asi inotsvedza uye inorwisa-kukwesha zvinhu hazvina kunaka, chete kune akareruka, epakati mutoro uye yakaderera-speed magiya. Magiya asiri-simbi emidziyo anonyanya kushandiswa mune mamwe minda ane zvakakosha zvinodiwa, senge oiri-isina lubrication uye yakakwirira kuvimbika. Munda wemamiriro ezvinhu akadai sekusvibiswa kwakadzikira, semidziyo yemumba, midziyo yekurapa, muchina wechikafu nemichina yemachira.

Gear coating materials

Injiniya dzeceramic zvinhu zvinovimbisa zvakanyanya zvine simba rakakura uye kuoma, kunyanya yakanakisa kupisa kupisa, kuderera kwekushisa conductivity uye kuwedzera kwemafuta, kukwirira kupfeka kuramba uye oxidation kuramba. Huwandu hukuru hwezvidzidzo hwakaratidza kuti zvinhu zveceramic zvinogara zvisingadziviriri kupisa uye zvine kupera kushoma pasimbi. Nokudaro, kushandiswa kwezvinhu zveceramic panzvimbo yezvigadzirwa zvesimbi zvekupfeka-zvisingagadziriswi zvinogona kuvandudza hupenyu hwehutachiwana, hunogona kusangana nehumwe hwekushisa kwepamusoro uye hukuru husina kupfeka zvinhu, zvakawanda-zvinoshanda uye zvimwe zvakaoma zvinodiwa. Parizvino, mainjiniya eceramic zvinhu zvakashandiswa mukugadzira injini inodzivirira kupisa zvikamu, kufambisa kwemakanika muzvikamu zvakapfekwa, midziyo yemakemikari muzvikamu zvinodzivirira kuora uye zvikamu zvekuisa chisimbiso, zvichiwedzera kuratidza kushandiswa kwakakura kwetarisiro yezvinhu zveceramic.

Nyika dzakasimukira dzakaita seGermany, Japan, United States, United Kingdom nedzimwe nyika dzinokoshesa zvikuru kusimudzira nekushandiswa kweinjiniya zvedongo zvedongo, nekudyara mari yakawanda uye manpower kuvandudza dzidziso yekugadzira uye tekinoroji yeinjiniya ceramics. Germany yakatanga chirongwa chinodaidzwa kuti "SFB442", chinangwa chekushandisa tekinoroji yePVD kugadzira firimu rakakodzera pamusoro pezvikamu kutsiva iyo inogona kukuvadza yekuzora svikiro kune zvakatipoteredza uye nemuviri wemunhu. Yakaiswa pamusoro inogona kutsiva zvachose basa rekumanikidza anti-kupfeka zvinowedzera Joachim, Franz et al akashandisa tekinoroji yePVD kugadzirira WC / C mafirimu anoratidza zvakanakisa anti-kuneta, zvakakwirira kupfuura izvo zvemafuta ane EP additives, izvo zvinopa mukana wekutsiva zvinokuvadza zveScience Et Aachen, Germany, nemari kubva kuDFG (GermanResearch Commission), yakaratidza kuwedzera kukuru kwekuneta mushure mekuisa mafirimu akakodzera pasimbi ye100Cr6 uchishandisa tekinoroji yePVD Mukuwedzera, iyo United States General Motors yatanga mune yayo VolvoS80Turbo yemhando yemota giya rekuisa firimu kuti rivandudze kuneta gomba giya rekutengesa rakanyoreswa kambani yegiya reTimken; coating yaonekwa muGermany chiratidzo chekutengeserana chakanyoreswa Graphit-iC neDymon-iC zvakateerana Gear coatings nezviratidzo zvakanyoreswa Graphit-iC neDymon-iC zvinowanikwawo kuUK.

Seyakakosha nzvimbo dzakasara dzemuchina wekutapurirana, magiya anoita basa rakakosha muindasitiri, saka zvakakosha zvakanyanya kukosha kudzidza mashandisiro eceramic zvinhu pamagiya. Parizvino, makeramiki einjiniya akaiswa kune magiya anonyanya kunotevera.

1, TiN yekuvhara layer
1, TiN

Ion inoputira TiN ceramic layer ndeimwe yeanonyanya kushandiswa pamusoro pepamusoro yakagadziridzwa machira ane kuomarara kwepamusoro, kusimba kwakanyanya kwekunamatira, yakaderera friction coefficient, yakanaka corrosion resistance, etc. Yakave ichishandiswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, kunyanya mune zvishandiso uye mold industry. Chikonzero chikuru chinokanganisa kushandiswa kweceramic coating pamagiya ndiro dambudziko rekubatanidza pakati peceramic coating uye substrate. Sezvo mamiriro ekushanda uye zvinofurira zvinhu zvegiya zvakanyanya kuomarara kupfuura izvo zvezvishandiso uye mold, kushandiswa kweimwe TiN yekuputira pagiya repamusoro kurapwa kunorambidzwa zvakanyanya. Kunyangwe kupfekedzwa kweceramic kuine zvakanakira kuomarara kwepamusoro, kuderera kwehutsi uye kuramba kwemarara, ine brittle uye yakaoma kuwana iyo yakakora yekupfeka, saka inoda kuomarara kwepamusoro uye yakakwirira simba substrate kutsigira iyo yekupfeka kuti itambe maitiro ayo. Naizvozvo, ceramic coating inonyanya kushandiswa kune carbide uye yakakwirira-kumhanya simbi pamusoro. Iyo yegiya yemidziyo yakapfava kana ichienzaniswa neyeceramic zvinhu, uye mutsauko uripo pakati pechimiro cheiyo substrate uye yekupfeka yakakura, saka musanganiswa wejasi uye substrate haina kunaka, uye iyo yekupfeka haina kukwana kutsigira iyo yekupfekedza, ichiita kuti iyo yekupfeka ive nyore kudonha mukushandiswa, kwete chete haigone kutamba zvakanakira zvekupfeka zveceramic, asi iyo ceramic yekupfekedza magiya, inodonha giya rinobva rapera. Mhinduro iripo ndeye kushandisa composite yepamusoro kurapwa tekinoroji kuvandudza chisungo pakati peceramic uye substrate. Composite pamusoro pekurapa tekinoroji inoreva musanganiswa weiyo muviri vapor deposition coating uye mamwe maitiro ekurapa epamusoro kana machira, uchishandisa maviri akapatsanurwa nzvimbo / subsurface kugadzirisa pamusoro peiyo substrate zvinhu kuti iwane inoumbwa mechanicha zvimiro izvo zvisingakwanisi kuwanikwa neimwe nzira yekurapa pamusoro. TiN composite coating yakaiswa neion nitriding uye PVD ndeimwe yeakaongororwa zvakanyanya akaumbwa machira. Iyo plasma nitriding substrate uye TiN ceramic composite coating ine chisungo chakasimba uye kuramba kwekupfeka kunovandudzwa zvakanyanya.

Iyo yakakwana ukobvu hweTiN firimu layer ine yakanakisa kupfeka kuramba uye firimu base bonding ingangoita 3 ~ 4μm. Kana hupamhi hwemufirimu wefirimu huri pasi pe2μm, kupikisa kwekupfeka hakuzogadziriswi zvakanyanya. Kana ukobvu hwemutsetse wefirimu unopfuura 5μm, iyo firimu base bonding ichadzikiswa.

2、Multi-layer, multi-component TiN coating

Nekushandisa zvishoma nezvishoma uye kwakapararira kweTiN coatings, kune kwakawanda uye kwakawanda kutsvagurudza kwemaitiro ekuvandudza nekusimudzira maTiN machira. Mumakore achangopfuura, machira emhando dzakawanda uye machira akawanda akagadzirwa zvichibva pabhinari TiN coatings, seTi-CN, Ti-CNB, Ti-Al-N, Ti-BN, (Tix, Cr1-x) N, TiN/Al2O3, etc. Nekuwedzera zvinhu zvakaita seAl uye Si kune TiN coatings, kuomarara kweiyo oxi-kupisa kunogona kuomarara. yakavandudzwa, uku uchiwedzera zvinhu zvakaita seB zvinogona kuvandudza kuoma uye kusimba kwekunamatira kweiyo yekupfeka.

Nekuda kwekuoma kwekuumbwa kwemulticomponent, pane makakatanwa mazhinji muchidzidzo ichi. Muchidzidzo che (Tix,Cr1-x)N multicomponent coatings, pane kupokana kukuru mumhedzisiro yekutsvaga. Vamwe vanhu vanotenda kuti (Tix,Cr1-x)N coatings yakavakirwa paTiN, uye Cr inogona kungovapo nenzira yekutsiva yakasimba mhinduro muTiN dot matrix, asi kwete sechikamu cheCrN chakasiyana. Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti nhamba yeCr maatomu inotsiva zvakananga Ti maatomu mu (Tix, Cr1-x) N coatings ishoma, uye Cr yakasara iripo mu singlet state kana mafomu anosanganiswa neN. Mhedzisiro yekuedza inoratidza kuti kuwedzera kweCr kumucheka kunoderedza hukuru hwepamusoro uye kunowedzera kuoma, uye kuoma kwechifukidzo kana kunosvika pakunyanya kukosha kwepakati peC 3% yepakati, asi inosvika pakuremerwa kwepakati pe 3%. yejasi rinosvikawo pakukosha kwayo.

3, Imwe yekututira layer

Pamusoro peanowanzo shandiswa TiN machira, akawanda akasiyana einjiniya ceramics anoshandiswa pakusimbisa giya pamusoro.

(1)Y. Terauchi et al. wekuJapan akadzidza kuramba kupfakanyika kupfeka kwetitanium carbide kana titanium nitride ceramic gears akaiswa nenzira yevapor deposition. Iwo magiya akaiswa carbur uye akakwenenzverwa kuti awane kuomarara kwepamusoro kweHV720 uye kushata kwe2.4 μm isati yaiswa, uye machira eceramic akagadzirwa nekemikari vapor deposition (CVD) yetitanium carbide uye neyemuviri mhute deposition (PVD) yetitanium nitride, ine 2 ceramic firimu ukobvu hwekuita. Iyo yekukakavadzana kupfeka zvivakwa zvakaongororwa pamberi pemafuta uye yakaoma friction, zvichiteerana. Zvakaonekwa kuti kuramba kwegalling uye kuramba kwegiya vice kwakawedzera kukwidziridzwa mushure mekuputirwa neceramic.

(2)Kuturika kwemusanganiswa wekemikari yakavharwa Ni-P neTiN yakagadzirwa nepre-coating Ni-P sechinhu chekuchinja uyezve kuisa TiN. Chidzidzo chacho chinoratidza kuti kuoma kwepamusoro kweiyi composite coating yakagadziridzwa kune imwe nhanho, uye iyo yekupfekedza iri nani yakasungirirwa ne substrate uye ine nani kupfeka kuramba.

(3) WC/C, B4C nhete firimu
M. Murakawa et al., Dhipatimendi reMechanical Engineering, Japan Institute of Technology, vakashandisa tekinoroji yePVD kuisa WC/C firimu rakatetepa pamusoro pemagiya, uye hupenyu hwaro hwesevhisi hwakapetwa katatu kupfuura hwemagiya akadzimwa neapasi pasi pemamiriro ekuzora asina mafuta. Franz J nevamwe. yakashandisa tekinoroji yePVD kuisa WC/C neB4C firimu rakatetepa pamusoro peFEZ-A neFEZ-C magiya, uye kuyedza kwakaratidza kuti PVD coating yakaderedza zvakanyanya kukweshera kwegiya, yakaita kuti giya risabatirwe nekupisa gluing kana gluing, uye yakavandudza kutakura mutoro wegiya.

(4) CrN mafirimu
Mafirimu eCrN akafanana nemafirimu eTiN mukuti ane kuomarara kwepamusoro, uye mafirimu eCrN anonyanya kushingirira pakupisa tembiricha oxidation kupfuura TiN, ane corrosion resistance iri nani, kuderera kwemukati kushushikana kupfuura mafirimu eTiN, uye kusimba kuri nani. Chen Ling et vakagadzirira firimu rinopokana reTiAlCrN/CrN rine yakanakisa bhaisikopo-yakavakirwa chisungo pamusoro peHSS, uye vakakurudzirawo dislocation stacking theory ye multilayer firimu, kana dislocation simba musiyano pakati pezvikamu zviviri yakakura, dislocation inoitika mune imwe layer ichave yakaoma kuyambuka interface yayo mune imwe dhizaini, nokudaro ichisimbisa iyo dhizaini pane iyo dhizaini. Zhong Bin et akadzidza nezve mhedzisiro yenitrogen yemukati pachikamu chechimiro uye frictional kupfeka zvimiro zveCrNx mafirimu, uye chidzidzo chakaratidza kuti Cr2N (211) diffraction peak mumafirimu zvishoma nezvishoma yakadzikira uye CrN (220) peak yakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma nekuwedzera kweN2 yemukati, zvimedu zvihombe zviri pamusoro pefirimu zvakadzikira zvishoma nezvishoma uye pasi. Kana iyo N2 aeration yaive 25 ml/min (chinangwa chinobva arc ikozvino chaive 75 A, iyo yakaiswa CrN firimu ine yakanaka yemhando yepamusoro, yakanaka kuomarara uye yakanakisa kupfeka kuramba kana iyo N2 aeration iri 25ml/min (chinangwa chinobva arc ikozvino 75A, kudzvinyirira kwakashata i100V).

(5) Superhard firimu
Superhard firimu ifirimu rakasimba rine kuoma kwakakura kupfuura 40GPa, yakanakisa kupfeka kuramba, tembiricha yakakwira uye yakaderera friction coefficient uye yakaderera thermal yekuwedzera coefficient, kunyanya amorphous diamond firimu uye CN firimu. Amorphous madhaimani mafirimu ane amorphous zvimiro, haana-refu-refu akaodha chimiro, uye ane nhamba huru yeCC tetrahedral bond, saka anonziwo tetrahedral amorphous carbon films. Semhando yeamorphous carbon film, diamond-like coating (DLC) ine zvinhu zvakawanda zvakanaka zvakafanana nedhaimondi, zvakadai sekukwirira kwekushisa kwekushisa, kuoma kwepamusoro, yakakwirira elastic modulus, yakaderera coefficient yekuwedzera kwekushisa, kugadzikana kwakanaka kwemakemikari, kumira kwakanaka kwekusapfeka uye kuderera kwekukwevera coefficient. Zvave zvichiratidzwa kuti kupfekedza madhaimani-semafirimu pamagiya anogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwesevhisi nechikamu che6 uye zvakanyanya kunatsiridza kuramba kuneta. Mafirimu eCN, anonziwo amorphous carbon-nitrogen films, ane crystal structure yakafanana neiyo ye β-Si3N4 covalent compounds uye inonziwo β-C3N4. Liu naCohen et al. yakaitwa yakaoma theoretical calculations vachishandisa pseudopotential band calculations kubva kune yekutanga-yakasikwa musimboti, yakasimbisa kuti β-C3N4 ine hombe inosunga simba, yakagadzika mechanical structure, kanenge imwe sub-stable state inogona kuvapo, uye elastic modulus yayo inofananidzwa nedhaimondi, ine zvinhu zvakanaka, izvo zvinogona kunyatso gadzirisa kuoma kwepamusoro uye kuderedza kuoma kwepamusoro uye kuderedza friction.

(6) Imwe alloy kupfeka-resistant coating layer
Mamwe alloy kupfeka-resistant coatings akaedzwawo kuiswa kune magiya, semuenzaniso, kuiswa kweNi-P-Co alloy layer pazino re45 # simbi magiya ialloy layer yekuwana yakanyanya-yakanaka gorosi sangano, iyo inogona kuwedzera hupenyu kusvika 1.144 ~ 1.533 nguva. Yakave yakadzidzwawo kuti Cu simbi layer uye Ni-W alloy coating inoshandiswa pane zino pamusoro peCu-Cr-P alloy cast iron giya kuvandudza simba rayo; Ni-W uye Ni-Co alloy coating inoiswa pazino pamusoro peHT250 cast iron giya kuti ivandudze kupfekedzwa kwekupfeka ne4 ~ 6 nguva zvichienzaniswa negiya risina kuvharwa.