Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji

Ubuhanga bwo kubika PVD bumaze imyaka myinshi bukoreshwa nkubuhanga bushya bwo guhindura isura, cyane cyane tekinoroji ya vacuum ion, yateye imbere cyane mumyaka yashize kandi ubu ikoreshwa cyane mugutunganya ibikoresho, ibishushanyo, impeta za piston, ibikoresho nibindi bikoresho. Ibikoresho bifunitse byateguwe na tekinoroji ya vacuum ion birashobora kugabanya cyane coefficient de fraisement, kunoza anti-kwambara hamwe na anti-ruswa, kandi byahindutse intandaro nubushakashatsi bushyashya mubijyanye nubuhanga bwogukoresha ibikoresho.

Ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa mubikoresho ni ibyuma byahimbwe, ibyuma, ibyuma, ibyuma, ibyuma bidafite fer (umuringa, aluminium) na plastiki. Ibyuma ahanini ni ibyuma 45, 35SiMn, 40Cr, 40CrNi, 40MnB, 38CrMoAl. Ibyuma bya karubone bike bikoreshwa cyane muri 20Cr, 20CrMnTi, 20MnB, 20CrMnTo. Icyuma gihimbano gikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho kubera imikorere yacyo myiza, mugihe ibyuma bikozwe mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mugukora ibikoresho bifite diameter> 400mm nuburyo bugoye. Shira ibyuma birwanya kole no kurwanya pitingi, ariko kubura ingaruka no kwambara birwanya, cyane cyane kubikorwa bihamye, imbaraga ntabwo ari umuvuduko muke cyangwa ubunini bunini nuburyo bugoye, birashobora gukora muburyo bwo kubura amavuta, bikwiranye no kwanduza kumugaragaro. Ibyuma bidafite ferro bikunze gukoreshwa ni amabati ya bronze, umuringa wa aluminium-fer na casting ya aluminiyumu, bikunze gukoreshwa mu gukora turbine cyangwa ibyuma, ariko ibintu byo kunyerera no kurwanya ubukana ni bibi, gusa ku mucyo, umutwaro uciriritse hamwe n’ibikoresho byihuta. Ibikoresho bitari ibyuma bikoreshwa cyane mubice bimwe na bimwe bisabwa bidasanzwe, nk'amavuta adafite amavuta kandi byizewe cyane. Urwego rwibihe nkumwanda muke, nkibikoresho byo murugo, ibikoresho byubuvuzi, imashini zokurya nimashini zidoda.

Ibikoresho byo gutwikira ibikoresho

Ibikoresho byubwubatsi nibikoresho byizewe cyane bifite imbaraga nubukomezi cyane cyane birwanya ubushyuhe buhebuje, ubushyuhe buke bwumuriro no kwaguka kwinshi, kwihanganira kwambara cyane no kurwanya okiside. Umubare munini wubushakashatsi werekanye ko ibikoresho byubutaka birwanya ubushyuhe kandi bifite imyenda mike ku byuma. Kubwibyo, gukoresha ibikoresho bya ceramic aho gukoresha ibikoresho byicyuma kubice bidashobora kwangirika bishobora guteza imbere ubuzima bwikibazo cyo guterana amagambo, birashobora kuzuza bimwe mubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe nibikoresho birinda kwambara, imikorere myinshi nibindi bisabwa bikomeye. Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho by’ubukorikori byakoreshejwe mu gukora ibice bitarwanya ubushyuhe bwa moteri, guhererekanya imashini mu bice byambara, ibikoresho bya shimi mu bice birwanya ruswa ndetse n’ibice bifunga, bigenda byerekana uburyo bukoreshwa bw’ibikoresho by’ubutaka.

Ibihugu byateye imbere nk’Ubudage, Ubuyapani, Amerika, Ubwongereza n’ibindi bihugu biha agaciro kanini iterambere n’ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho by’ubukorikori, gushora amafaranga menshi n’abakozi kugira ngo bateze imbere inyigisho n’ikoranabuhanga ry’ubukorikori. Ubudage bwatangije gahunda yiswe "SFB442 ″, ikigamijwe ni ugukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya PVD muguhuza firime ibereye hejuru yibice kugirango isimbuze uburyo bushobora kwangiza amavuta kubidukikije ndetse numubiri wabantu. PW Gold nabandi mubudage bakoresheje inkunga yatanzwe na SFB442 kugirango bakoreshe tekinoloji ya PVD kugirango bashyiremo ama firime yoroheje hejuru yimyenda yabyo kandi basanga imikorere irwanya kwangirika kwinshi kwizana ryimyanda. kurwanya inyongeramusaruro. kwiyongera k'umunaniro nyuma yo gushyira firime ikwiye ku cyuma cya 100Cr6 ukoresheje ikoranabuhanga rya PVD Byongeye kandi, General Motors yo muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika yatangiye muri firime yayo yo mu bwoko bwa VolvoS80Turbo yo mu rwego rwo kunoza imishwaro yo kunaniza umunaniro wa firime yo mu bwoko bwa ES200 yanditseho ikirango cyanditseho iC; Graphit-iC na Dymon-iC iraboneka no mu Bwongereza.

Nkibice byingenzi byogukwirakwiza imashini, ibikoresho bigira uruhare runini mu nganda, bityo rero ni ingirakamaro cyane mubikorwa byo kwiga ikoreshwa ryibikoresho bya ceramique kubikoresho. Kugeza ubu, ubukorikori bwubukorikori bukoreshwa mubikoresho ni ibi bikurikira.

1 、 Igice cya TiN
1 、 TiN

Ion itwikiriye TiN ceramic layer nimwe mubikoreshwa cyane hejuru yubuso bwahinduwe hamwe nuburemere bukomeye, imbaraga zifatika cyane, coefficient de fraisement nkeya, kurwanya ruswa neza, nibindi. Byakoreshejwe cyane mubice bitandukanye, cyane cyane mubikoresho byububiko nububiko. Impamvu nyamukuru igira ingaruka kumikoreshereze yububiko bwa ceramic kubikoresho ni ikibazo cyo guhuza hagati yububiko bwa ceramic na substrate. Kubera ko imiterere yakazi hamwe ningaruka ziterwa na gare zigoye cyane kuruta ibikoresho nibikoresho, ikoreshwa rya TiN imwe yo gutwikira ibikoresho byo hejuru birabujijwe cyane. Nubwo igipfundikizo ceramic gifite ibyiza byo gukomera gukomeye, coefficient de fraisement nkeya hamwe no kurwanya ruswa, biroroshye kandi biragoye kubona igifuniko kinini, bityo rero gikenera ubukana bwinshi nimbaraga zo hejuru kugirango zishyigikire kugirango gikine ibiranga. Kubwibyo, ceramic coating ikoreshwa cyane cyane kuri karbide no hejuru yicyuma cyihuta. Ibikoresho by'ibikoresho byoroshye ugereranije nibikoresho bya ceramique, kandi itandukaniro riri hagati yimiterere ya substrate hamwe nigitambaro ni kinini, bityo rero guhuza igifuniko na substrate ni bibi, kandi igifuniko ntigihagije kugirango gishyigikire igifuniko, bigatuma igifuniko cyoroshye kugwa mugikorwa cyo gukoresha, ntigishobora gusa gukinisha ibyiza byububiko bwa ceramic, kwambara kwangirika kwabashitsi. Igisubizo kiriho ni ugukoresha tekinoroji yo gutunganya ibice kugirango utezimbere umubano hagati ya ceramic na substrate. Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji yo gutunganya ibice bivuga guhuza ibicanwa byimyuka yumubiri hamwe nubundi buryo bwo kuvura hejuru cyangwa gutwikirwa, ukoresheje ibice bibiri bitandukanye / munsi yubutaka kugirango uhindure ubuso bwibikoresho bya substrate kugirango ubone ibikoresho byubukorikori bidashobora kugerwaho nuburyo bumwe bwo kuvura hejuru. TiN ikomatanya yashizwemo na ion nitriding na PVD nimwe mubushakashatsi bwakozweho ubushakashatsi. Plasma nitriding substrate hamwe na TiN ceramic compating coating ifite umurunga ukomeye kandi kurwanya imyambarire byateye imbere cyane.

Umubyimba mwiza wa firime ya TiN hamwe no kurwanya kwambara neza hamwe no guhuza firime ni hafi 3 ~ 4μm. Niba umubyimba wurwego rwa firime uri munsi ya 2 mm, kwihanganira kwambara ntabwo bizanozwa cyane. Niba ubunini bwurwego rwa firime burenze 5μm, guhuza shingiro rya firime bizagabanuka.

2 、 Ibice byinshi, ibice byinshi bya TiN

Hamwe nogukoresha gahoro gahoro ikoreshwa rya TiN, hariho ubushakashatsi bwinshi nuburyo bwo kunoza no kuzamura imyenda ya TiN. Mu myaka yashize, ibice byinshi bigize ibice byinshi hamwe nudusanduku twinshi twatejwe imbere hashingiwe ku bubiko bwa TiN, nka Ti-CN, Ti-CNB, Ti-Al-N, Ti-BN, (Tix, Cr1-x) N, TiN / Al2O3, n'ibindi. gukomera no gufatira hamwe imbaraga zo gutwikira.

Bitewe nuburyo bugoye bwibigize byinshi, hariho impaka nyinshi muri ubu bushakashatsi. Mu bushakashatsi bwa (Tix, Cr1-x) N ibice byinshi, hari impaka nini mubisubizo byubushakashatsi. Abantu bamwe bizera ko (Tix, Cr1-x) N impuzu zishingiye kuri TiN, kandi Cr irashobora kubaho gusa muburyo bwo gusimbuza igisubizo gikomeye muri materi ya TiN, ariko ntabwo ari icyiciro cya CrN cyihariye. Ubundi bushakashatsi bwerekana ko umubare wa Cr atom zisimbuza Ti atom muri (Tix, Cr1-x) N igifuniko ari gito, kandi Cr isigaye ibaho muri reta imwe cyangwa ikora ibice hamwe na N. Ibisubizo byubushakashatsi byerekana ko kwiyongera kwa Cr kuri coating bigabanya ubunini bwibice byubuso kandi bikongerera ubukana, kandi ubukana bwikigereranyo bugera kuri 3%.

3 、 Ibindi bikoresho

Usibye ibisanzwe bikoreshwa muri TiN, ibikoresho byinshi byubukorikori bitandukanye bikoreshwa mugukomeza ibikoresho.

(1) Y. Terauchi n'abandi. y'Ubuyapani yize ku kurwanya imyambarire ya karibide ya titanium cyangwa titanium nitride ceramic ibikoresho byashyizwe mu buryo bwo kubika imyuka. Ibikoresho byashizwemo karubasi kandi birasukurwa kugirango bigere ku buso bugera kuri HV720 hamwe n'ubuso bwa metero 2,4 mbere yo gutwikirwa, kandi ibumba ryakozwe na ceramic ryateguwe no gushira imyuka ya chimique (CVD) kuri karbide ya titanium no kubitsa imyuka yumubiri (PVD) kuri nitride ya ceramique. Ibikoresho byo kwambara byo guterana byakorewe iperereza imbere yamavuta hamwe no gukama byumye. Byagaragaye ko kurwanya ibyuma no kurwanya ibishishwa bya gare byongerewe imbaraga nyuma yo gutwikira ceramic.

. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ubukana bwubuso bwuruvange rwububiko bwatejwe imbere kurwego runaka, kandi igifuniko gihujwe neza na substrate kandi gifite imbaraga zo kwihanganira kwambara.

(3) WC / C, B4C firime yoroheje
M. Murakawa n'abandi, Ishami ry’Ubukanishi, Ikigo cy’Ubuyapani gishinzwe ikoranabuhanga, bakoresheje ikoranabuhanga rya PVD kugira ngo babike firime ya WC / C yoroheje hejuru y’ibikoresho, kandi ubuzima bwayo bwikubye inshuro eshatu ubw'ibikoresho bisanzwe byazimye ndetse n’ubutaka mu gihe cyo gusiga amavuta. Franz J n'abandi. yakoresheje tekinoroji ya PVD kugirango abike firime yoroheje ya WC / C na B4C hejuru yububiko bwa FEZ-A na FEZ-C, kandi ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko igipfundikizo cya PVD cyagabanije cyane guterana ibyuma, bigatuma ibikoresho bitoroha cyane gufatana ubushyuhe cyangwa gufunga, kandi byongera ubushobozi bwo gutwara imitwaro.

(4) Filime za CrN
Filime ya CrN isa na firime ya TiN kuko ifite ubukana bwinshi, kandi firime ya CrN irwanya okiside yubushyuhe bwo hejuru kurusha TiN, ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa, guhangayika imbere imbere kuruta firime ya TiN, no gukomera gukomeye. Chen Ling et yateguye firime ya TiAlCrN / CrN idashobora kwambara hamwe na firime nziza cyane ihuza firime hejuru ya HSS, anasaba kandi ko igitekerezo cyo gutandukanya dislocation ya firime igizwe n'abantu benshi, niba itandukaniro ry’ingufu za dislokisiyo hagati y’ibice bibiri ari rinini, gutandukana biboneka mu gice kimwe bizagorana kurenga intera yacyo mu buryo butandukanye. Zhong Bin et yize ku ngaruka ziterwa na azote ku miterere yicyiciro ndetse n’imiterere yo kwambara ya firime ya CrNx, kandi ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko impanuka ya Cr2N (211) itandukanijwe muri firime gahoro gahoro maze impinga ya CrN (220) igenda yiyongera buhoro buhoro hamwe no kwiyongera kwa N2, ibice binini ku buso bwa firime bigenda bigabanuka buhoro buhoro. Iyo N2 aeration yari 25 ml / min (isoko yinkomoko arc yari 75 A, firime ya CrN yabitswe ifite ubuziranenge bwubuso bwiza, ubukana bwiza hamwe no kwihanganira kwambara neza mugihe N2 aeration ari 25ml / min (intego nyamukuru arc ni 75A, umuvuduko mubi ni 100V).

(5) Filime ya superhard
Filime ya superhard ni firime ikomeye ifite ubukana burenze 40GPa, irwanya kwambara neza, irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe na coefficient de fraisse nkeya hamwe na coeffisente yo kwagura ubushyuhe buke, cyane cyane firime ya diyama amorphous na firime ya CN. Amafirime ya diyama Amorphous afite imiterere ya amorphous, ntamwanya muremure wateganijwe, kandi urimo umubare munini wa CC tetrahedral, bityo nanone bita tetrahedral amorphous carbone. Nkubwoko bwa firime ya amorphous carbone, coating ya diyama (DLC) ifite ibintu byinshi byiza bisa na diyama, nkumuvuduko mwinshi wumuriro, ubukana bwinshi, modulus yo hejuru ya elastike, coefficient nkeya yo kwagura ubushyuhe, imiti ihamye neza, kwihanganira kwambara neza hamwe na coefficient nkeya. Byerekanwe ko gutwikira firime zisa na diyama hejuru yububiko bushobora kongera ubuzima bwa serivisi ku kigero cya 6 kandi bikazamura cyane kurwanya umunaniro. Filime ya CN, izwi kandi nka amorphous carbone-azote ya firime, ifite imiterere ya kristu isa niy'imvange ya co-Si3N4 kandi izwi kandi nka β-C3N4. Liu na Cohen n'abandi. Yakoze imibare ihamye ikoresheje ibarwa rya pseudopotential ibarwa uhereye ku ihame rya mbere-kamere, yemeje ko β-C3N4 ifite ingufu nini zihuza, imiterere ihamye, byibuze leta imwe idashobora kubaho, kandi modulus yayo yoroheje igereranywa na diyama, hamwe nibintu byiza, bishobora kuzamura neza ubukana bwubuso no kugabanya ubukana bwibintu.

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Imyenda imwe idashobora kwihanganira kwambara nayo yageragejwe gukoreshwa mubikoresho, urugero, gushira kwa Ni-P-Co alloy layer hejuru yinyo yinyo ya 45 # ibyuma nicyuma kivanze kugirango ibone ishyirahamwe ryintete nziza cyane, rishobora kwongerera ubuzima inshuro 1.144 ~ 1.533. Hakozwe kandi ubushakashatsi ko Cu icyuma na Ni-W alloy coating bikoreshwa hejuru yinyo ya Cu-Cr-P alloy cast ibyuma kugirango bongere imbaraga; Ni-W na Ni-Co ibishishwa bishyirwa hejuru yinyo ya HT250 ibikoresho byuma kugirango bongere imyambarire inshuro 4 ~ 6 ugereranije nibikoresho bidafunze.