Teknụzụ mkpuchi gia

PVD deposition technology e omume ruo ọtụtụ afọ dị ka a ọhụrụ elu mgbanwe technology, karịsịa agụụ ion mkpuchi technology, nke nwetara nnukwu mmepe na-adịbeghị anya na ugbu a ọtụtụ ebe na ọgwụgwọ nke ngwaọrụ, ebu, piston mgbanaka, gia na ndị ọzọ components. Ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi nke teknụzụ mkpuchi vacuum ion kwadoro nke ọma nwere ike belata ọnụọgụ esemokwu, melite mgbochi iyi na ụfọdụ mgbochi corrosion, wee bụrụ ebe a na-elekwasị anya na ebe dị ọkụ nke nyocha n'ọhịa nke teknụzụ na-ewusi elu gia.

Ihe ndị a na-ejikarị eme ngwo bụ nchara nchara, igwe nkedo, igwe nkedo, ọla ndị na-abụghị igwe (ọla kọpa, aluminom) na rọba. Steel bụ isi 45 steel, 35SiMn, 40Cr, 40CrNi, 40MnB, 38CrMoAl. Carbon ígwè dị ala na-ejikarị na 20Cr, 20CrMnTi, 20MnB, 20CrMnTo. A na-eji igwe akpụ akpụ eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ihi na ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, ebe a na-ejikarị ígwè nkedo na-emepụta gia nwere dayameta> 400mm na usoro mgbagwoju anya. Nkedo ígwè gia mgbochi gluu na pitting eguzogide, ma enweghị mmetụta na-eyi na-eguzogide, tumadi maka ike ọrụ, ike adịghị ala ọsọ ma ọ bụ nnukwu size na mgbagwoju udi, nwere ike na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru ọnọdụ nke enweghị lubrication , adabara na-emeghe nnyefe. Ọla ndị na-adịghị ferrous a na-ejikarị bụ tin bronze, aluminum-iron bronze and casting aluminum alloy, nke a na-ejikarị emepụta turbines ma ọ bụ gia, ma ihe eji eme ihe na ihe mgbochi adịghị mma, naanị maka ọkụ, ọkara ibu na ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa. A na-ejikarị ihe eji eme ihe na-abụghị ọla na mpaghara ụfọdụ nwere ihe pụrụ iche chọrọ, dị ka mmanu na-enweghị mmanụ na ntụkwasị obi dị elu. Mpaghara ọnọdụ dị ka mmetọ dị ala, dị ka ngwa ụlọ, ngwa ahụike, igwe nri na igwe akwa.

Ihe mkpuchi gia

Injinia seramiiki ihe bụ ihe na-ekwe nkwa nke ukwuu na ike dị elu na ike siri ike, ọkachasị ezigbo nguzogide okpomọkụ, obere ikuku ọkụ na mgbasawanye thermal, akwa mkpuchi mkpuchi na nguzogide oxidation. Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ọmụmụ egosiwo na ihe ndị dị na seramiiki na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ ma na-eyi obere ọla. Ya mere, ojiji nke seramiiki ihe kama ígwè ihe na-eyi na-eguzogide akụkụ nwere ike imeziwanye ndụ nke esemokwu sub, nwere ike izute ụfọdụ nke elu okpomọkụ na elu eyi na-eguzogide ihe, multi-arụ ọrụ na ndị ọzọ siri ike chọrọ. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-eji ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka engine na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, nnyefe ígwè ọrụ na akụkụ ndị na-eyi, ngwá ọrụ kemịkalụ na akụkụ ndị na-eguzogide corrosion na akụkụ akara, na-egosiwanye ngwa ngwa nke ihe ndị na-atụ anya ihe seramiiki.

Mba ndị mepere emepe dị ka Germany, Japan, United States, United Kingdom na mba ndị ọzọ na-etinye aka dị ukwuu na mmepe na ngwa nke ihe seramiiki injinia, na-etinye nnukwu ego na ikike iji zụlite usoro nhazi na nkà na ụzụ nke ceramics engineering. Germany ewepụtala mmemme akpọrọ “SFB442″, ebumnuche ya bụ iji teknụzụ PVD mepụta fim dabara adaba n'elu akụkụ ahụ iji dochie ihe nwere ike imebi mmanu mmanu gburugburu ebe obibi na ahụ mmadụ. echekwabara n'elu nwere ike dochie kpamkpam ọrụ nke oké nrụgide mgbochi-eyi additives Joachim, Franz et al Aachen, Germany, na ego sitere na DFG (GermanResearch Commission), gosipụtara mmụba dị ịrịba ama na nguzogide ike ọgwụgwụ mgbe etinyere ihe nkiri kwesịrị ekwesị na 100Cr6 nchara site na iji teknụzụ PVD na mgbakwunye, United States General Motors amalitela na VolvoS80Turbo ụdị ụgbọ ala gia n'elu ụlọ iji melite ike ọgwụgwụ nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nkiri Gear 0 apụtala na Germany; akara ụghalaahịa edenyere n'akwụkwọ ikikere Graphit-iC na Dymon-iC n'otu n'otu Gear nwere akara ụghalaahịa edenyere n'akwụkwọ ikikere dị na UK.

Dị ka akụkụ dị mkpa nke nnyefe igwe, gia na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ụlọ ọrụ, n'ihi ya, ọ dị ezigbo mkpa na-amụ banyere ngwa nke seramiiki ihe na gia. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, seramiiki injinia etinyere na gia bụ ihe ndị a.

1, TiN mkpuchi oyi akwa
1, TiN

Ion mkpuchi TiN seramiiki oyi akwa bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị n'ọtụtụ ebe na-eji elu gbanwetụrụ coatings na elu hardness, elu adhesion ike, ala esemokwu ọnụọgụ, ezi corrosion eguzogide, wdg Ọ e ọtụtụ-eji na dị iche iche ubi, karịsịa na ngwá ọrụ na ebu ụlọ ọrụ. Isi ihe na-emetụta ntinye nke mkpuchi seramiiki na gia bụ nsogbu njikọ n'etiti mkpuchi seramiiki na mkpụrụ. Ebe ọ bụ na ọnọdụ ọrụ na ihe ndị na-emetụta gia dị nnọọ mgbagwoju anya karịa nke ngwá ọrụ na ihe ọkpụkpụ, ntinye nke otu mkpuchi TiN na ọgwụgwọ elu gia na-egbochi nke ukwuu. Ọ bụ ezie na mkpuchi seramiiki nwere uru nke ịdị elu siri ike, obere esemokwu esemokwu na nguzogide corrosion, ọ na-agbaji ma sie ike ịnweta mkpuchi siri ike, n'ihi ya, ọ chọrọ akwa siri ike na ike dị elu iji kwado mkpuchi ahụ iji kpọọ àgwà ya. Ya mere, a na-ejikarị mkpuchi seramiiki eme ihe maka carbide na elu ígwè dị elu. Ihe eji eme ihe na-adị nro ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe ndị dị na seramiiki, na ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọdịdị nke mkpụrụ na mkpuchi dị ukwuu, ya mere, nchikota nke mkpuchi na ihe mkpuchi ahụ adịghị mma, na mkpuchi ahụ ezughị iji kwado mkpuchi ahụ, na-eme ka mkpuchi ahụ dị mfe ịdaba na usoro nke iji ya eme ihe, ọ bụghị nanị na enweghị ike igwu uru nke ihe mkpuchi seramiiki, ma ihe mkpuchi seramiiki nke na-adaba ngwa ngwa ga-eme ka ọkpụkpụ gear na-adaba na gear. Ihe ngwọta dị ugbu a bụ iji teknụzụ ọgwụgwọ elu ihe mejupụtara iji meziwanye njikọ dị n'etiti seramiiki na mkpụrụ. Teknụzụ na-ahụ maka ọgwụgwọ n'elu jikọtara ọnụ na-ezo aka na nchikota mkpuchi mkpuchi ikuku anụ ahụ na usoro ọgwụgwọ elu ndị ọzọ ma ọ bụ mkpuchi, na-eji ihe abụọ dị iche iche dị iche iche / ihe dị n'okpuru iji gbanwee elu nke ihe eji eme ihe iji nweta ihe eji arụ ọrụ mejupụtara nke enweghị ike nweta site na otu usoro ọgwụgwọ elu. Ihe mkpuchi ihe mejupụtara TiN nke ion nitriding na PVD na-etinye bụ otu n'ime mkpuchi ihe mejupụtara nyocha kachasị. Ngwakọta nitriding plasma na mkpuchi seramiiki TiN nwere njikọ siri ike yana nguzogide iyi na-abawanye nke ọma.

The ezigbo ọkpụrụkpụ nke TiN film oyi akwa na magburu onwe eyi na-eguzogide na ihe nkiri base bonding bụ banyere 3 ~ 4μm. Ọ bụrụ na ọkpụrụkpụ nke oyi akwa ihe nkiri na-erughị 2μm, a gaghị emeziwanye nguzogide eyi. Ọ bụrụ na ọkpụrụkpụ nke ihe nkiri oyi akwa karịrị 5μm, a ga-ebelata njikọ njikọ ihe nkiri ahụ.

2, Multi-oyi akwa, multi-mpaghara TiN mkpuchi

Site na ntinye nke ntanye nke TiN nke nta nke nta na nke zuru ebe nile, a na-enwekwu nyocha banyere otu esi emeziwanye ma kwalite mkpuchi TiN. N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, a na-emepụta ihe mkpuchi multi-component na multilayer na-adabere na ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ abụọ TiN, dị ka Ti-CN, Ti-CNB, Ti-Al-N, Ti-BN, (Tix, Cr1-x) N, TiN / Al2O3, wdg Site n'ịgbakwụnye ihe ndị dị ka Al na Si na TiN, ihe mgbochi na-eme ka ihe mkpuchi dị elu na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma, na-agbakwụnye ihe ndị dị otú ahụ na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ oxidation dịkwuo mma. meziwanye ike na ike nke mkpuchi nke mkpuchi.

N'ihi mgbagwoju anya nke ihe mejupụtara multicomponent, enwere ọtụtụ esemokwu na ọmụmụ ihe a. Na nyocha nke (Tix, Cr1-x) N mkpuchi multicomponent, enwere nnukwu esemokwu na nsonaazụ nyocha. Ụfọdụ ndị kwenyere na mkpuchi (Tix, Cr1-x) N dabere na TiN, na Cr nwere ike ịdị naanị n'ụdị ngbanwe siri ike ngwọta na TiN dot matrix, ma ọ bụghị dị ka usoro CrN dị iche. Ọmụmụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-egosi na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Cr atom na-anọchi anya Ti atoms na (Tix, Cr1-x) N mkpuchi nwere oke, na Cr fọdụrụnụ dị na steeti singlet ma ọ bụ ụdị ogige na N. Nnwale nnwale ahụ na-egosi na mgbakwunye nke Cr na mkpuchi na-ebelata ihe dị n'elu ahụ ma na-eme ka ike sie ike, na ike nke mkpuchi ahụ na-erute pasent 3 nke n'ime ya ma ọ bụrụ na nrụgide ahụ erute n'ime pasent 3. mkpuchi na-erukwa oke uru.

3. Ndị ọzọ mkpuchi oyi akwa

Na mgbakwunye na mkpuchi TiN a na-ejikarị eme ihe, a na-eji ọtụtụ ceramik injinịa dị iche iche na-ewusi elu ala ike.

(1) Y. Terauchi et al. nke Japan mụọ nguzogide mgbakasị ahụ nke titanium carbide ma ọ bụ titanium nitride ceramic gears nke usoro mbusa uzuoku edobere. The Gears e carburized na polished iji nweta a n'elu hardness nke banyere HV720 na a elu roughness nke 2.4 μm tupu mkpuchi, na seramiiki mkpuchi e kwadebere site kemịkalụ vapor deposition (CVD) maka titanium carbide na anụ ahụ vapor deposition (PVD) maka titanium nitride, na a seramiiki ihe nkiri ọkpụrụkpụ nke banyere. A na-enyocha ihe eji eme ihe na-akpata esemokwu n'ihu mmanụ na esemokwu akọrọ, n'otu n'otu. Achọpụtara na nguzogide galling na nkwụsi ike nke gear vice ka agbanyere nke ọma ka ejiri seramiiki kpuchie ya.

(2) A na-akwadebe ihe mkpuchi nke Ni-P na TiN nwere kemịkalụ site na mkpuchi Ni-P dị ka oyi akwa mgbanwe wee tinye TiN. Ọmụmụ ihe na-egosi na a na-emeziwanye ike elu nke mkpuchi ihe a na-ejikọta ọnụ ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, na mkpuchi ahụ na-ejikọta ya na mkpụrụ osisi ahụ ma nwee ike iyi ka ọ dị mma.

(3) WC/C, ihe nkiri B4C dị mkpa
M. Murakawa et al., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Japan Institute of Technology, ji PVD technology na-edebe WC/C mkpa ihe nkiri n'elu gia, na ya ọrụ ndụ ugboro atọ nke nkịtị quenched na ala gia n'okpuru mmanụ-free lubrication ọnọdụ. Franz J et al. ejiri teknụzụ PVD tinye WC / C na B4C ihe nkiri dị mkpa n'elu FEZ-A na FEZ-C gears, nnwale ahụ gosipụtara na mkpuchi PVD belatara esemokwu gia nke ukwuu, mee ka ngwa ahụ ghara ịdị mfe iji gluing ọkụ ma ọ bụ gluing, ma kwalite ikike ibu nke ngwa ahụ.

(4) Ihe nkiri CrN
Ihe nkiri CrN yiri ihe nkiri TiN n'ihi na ha nwere isi ike dị elu, na ihe nkiri CrN na-eguzogide ọgwụ oxidation dị elu karịa TiN, nwere nguzogide corrosion ka mma, nrụgide dị n'ime ya dị ala karịa ihe nkiri TiN, yana ịdị ike dịtụ mma. Chen Ling et kwadebere ihe nkiri TiAlCrN/CrN na-eguzogide na-eyi ihe nkiri nwere njikọ dị mma nke dabeere na fim n'elu HSS, ma tụpụtakwa echiche nke dislocation stacking theory of multilayer film, ma ọ bụrụ na dislocation ike dị iche n'etiti abụọ n'ígwé bụ nnukwu, dislocation na-eme na otu oyi akwa ga-esi ike gafere ya interface n'ime nke ọzọ oyi akwa, si otú na-egwu na interface na-ewusi ike na ihe onwunwe. Zhong Bin et mụrụ mmetụta nke ọdịnaya nitrogen na nhazi usoro na ihe eji eme ihe nkiri nke CrNx, ọmụmụ ahụ gosikwara na Cr2N (211) diffraction kacha elu na fim ahụ ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ebelata na CrN (220) ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-abawanye site na mmụba nke N2 ọdịnaya, nnukwu ihe ndị dị na fim ahụ ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ebelata na elu dị larịị. Mgbe N2 aeration bụ 25 ml / min (isi mmalite arc ugbu a bụ 75 A, ihe nkiri CrN echekwara nwere ezigbo mma elu, ịdị mma siri ike na nguzogide dị mma mgbe N2 aeration bụ 25ml / min (isi iyi arc ugbu a bụ 75A, nrụgide na-adịghị mma bụ 100V).

(5) Ihe nkiri siri ike
Ihe nkiri Superhard bụ ihe nkiri siri ike nke nwere isi ike karịa 40GPa, ezigbo nguzogide eyi, oke okpomọkụ na oke esemokwu dị ala na ọnụọgụ mgbasawanye ọkụ dị ala, ọkachasị ihe nkiri diamond amorphous na ihe nkiri CN. Ihe nkiri diamond amorphous nwere ihe amorphous, enweghị usoro iwu ogologo ogologo, ma nwee ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke CC tetrahedral bond, ya mere a na-akpọkwa ha tetrahedral amorphous carbon films. Dị ka ụdị ihe nkiri carbon amorphous, mkpuchi dị ka diamond (DLC) nwere ọtụtụ ihe magburu onwe ya dị ka diamond, dị ka elu okpomọkụ conductivity, elu ike ike, elu elastic modulus, ala ọnụọgụ nke thermal mgbasawanye, ezigbo kemịkalụ kwụsie ike, ezigbo eyi na-eguzogide na obere esemokwu ọnụ ala. E gosiputara na ikpuchi ihe nkiri dị ka diamond n'elu gia nwere ike ịgbatị ndụ ọrụ site na ihe dị ka 6 ma mee ka ike ọgwụgwụ dịkwuo elu. Ihe nkiri CN, nke a makwaara dị ka ihe nkiri carbon-nitrogen amorphous, nwere usoro kristal yiri nke β-Si3N4 covalent ogige ma marakwa dị ka β-C3N4. Liu na Cohen et al. rụrụ rigorous theoretical mgbako iji pseudopotential gbalaga mgbako si mbụ-nature ụkpụrụ , kwadoro na β-C3N4 nwere nnukwu njikọ ike, a kwụsiri ike n'ibu Ọdịdị, ọ dịkarịa ala otu sub-stable ala nwere ike ịdị, na ya na-agbanwe modulus bụ tụnyere diamond, na ezi Njirimara, nke nwere ike n'ụzọ dị irè melite elu ike ike na eyi iguzogide ihe na-ebelata esemokwu coefficient.

(6) Ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi alloy ndị ọzọ na-eguzogide
A nwalekwara ụfọdụ mkpuchi mkpuchi na-eguzogide alloy ka etinyere ya na gia, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ntinye nke Ni-P-Co alloy oyi akwa n'elu nha nha nha 45 # ígwè bụ ihe mkpuchi alloy iji nweta nzukọ ọka dị mma, nke nwere ike ịgbatị ndụ ruo 1.144 ~ 1.533 ugboro. A mụọkwara ya na a na-etinye akwa oyi akwa Cu metal na mkpuchi Ni-W n'elu eze nke Cu-Cr-P alloy cast iron gear iji meziwanye ike ya; A na-etinye mkpuchi Ni-W na Ni-Co n'elu nha nha nha nke HT250 nkedo ígwè iji meziwanye nguzogide eyi site na ugboro 4 ~ 6 ma e jiri ya tụnyere ngwa na-enweghị mkpuchi.