ʻenehana uhi lole

Ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka ʻenehana deposition PVD no nā makahiki he nui ma ke ʻano he ʻenehana hoʻololi hou i ka ʻili, ʻoi aku ka ʻenehana hoʻoheheʻe ion vacuum, i loaʻa i ka hoʻomohala nui i nā makahiki i hala iho nei a ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i kēia manawa i ka mālama ʻana i nā mea paahana, nā mold, nā apo piston, nā mea hana a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā mea i uhi ʻia i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e ka ʻenehana hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka ion e hiki ke hōʻemi nui i ka coefficient friction, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka anti-wear a me kekahi anti-corrosion, a ua lilo ia i mea koʻikoʻi a me ka wela o ka noiʻi ma ke kahua o ka ʻenehana hoʻoikaika kino.

ʻO nā mea maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia no nā mea hana ka mea nui i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke kila, ke kila hoʻolei, ka hao hao, nā metala non-ferrous (keleawe, aluminika) a me nā plastics. ʻO ke kila ka nui o 45 kila, 35SiMn, 40Cr, 40CrNi, 40MnB, 38CrMoAl. ʻO ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa i hoʻohana nui ʻia ma 20Cr, 20CrMnTi, 20MnB, 20CrMnTo. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o ke kila forged i nā mīkini ma muli o kāna hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ʻoiai ke hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ke kila hoʻolei ʻia e hana i nā mea hana me ke anawaena> 400mm a me ke ʻano paʻakikī. Hoʻolei i ka hao hao anti-glue a me ka pitting resistance, akā, ʻo ka nele o ka hopena a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana, ka mea nui no ka hana paʻa, ʻaʻole haʻahaʻa ka mana a i ʻole ka nui a me ke ʻano paʻakikī, hiki ke hana ma lalo o ke kūlana o ka nele o ka lubrication, kūpono no ka wehe ʻana. ʻO nā metala non-ferrous i hoʻohana mau ʻia he keleawe keleawe, alumini-hao keleawe a me ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka alumini alumini, i hoʻohana mau ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā turbines a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hana, akā maikaʻi ʻole nā ​​waiwai sliding a me nā anti-friction, no ka māmā, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea hana non-metallic i kekahi mau māla me nā koi kūikawā, e like me ka lubrication ʻole o ka aila a me ka hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ke kahua o nā kūlana e like me ka pollution haʻahaʻa, e like me nā mea hana hale, nā mea lapaʻau, nā mīkini meaʻai a me nā mīkini textile.

ʻO nā mea hoʻopaʻa lole

ʻO nā mea hana seramika ʻenehana he mea hoʻohiki maikaʻi loa me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻakikī, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i ka wela, ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka wela, ke kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa oxidation. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi helu nui o nā haʻawina ʻo nā mea seramika he mea pale i ka wela a he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i nā metala. No laila, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea seramika ma kahi o nā mea metala no nā ʻāpana ʻaʻahu hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ola o ka friction sub, hiki ke hoʻokō i kekahi o nā mea kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me nā mea pale lole kiʻekiʻe, multi-functional a me nā koi paʻakikī ʻē aʻe. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hana seramika i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana wela wela, ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka mīkini i nā ʻāpana lole, nā mea kemika i nā ʻāpana corrosion a me nā ʻāpana hoʻopaʻa ʻana, e hōʻike nui ana i ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o nā mea seramika.

ʻO nā ʻāina i kūkulu ʻia e like me Kelemānia, Iapana, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, United Kingdom a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe e hoʻopili nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea seramika ʻenekinia, hoʻopukapuka kālā nui a me nā limahana e hoʻomohala i ka ʻenehana hana a me ka ʻenehana o nā seramika ʻenehana. Ua hoʻokumu ʻo Kelemania i kahi papahana i kapa ʻia ʻo "SFB442", ʻo ia ke kumu o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana PVD e synthesize i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni kūpono ma ka ʻili o nā ʻāpana e hoʻololi ai i ka mea lubricating hiki ke pōʻino i ke kaiapuni a me ke kino kanaka. ʻO nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni i waiho ʻia ma ka ʻili e hiki ke hoʻololi i ka hana o nā mea hoʻohui anti-wear koʻikoʻi, ʻo Joachim, Franz et al ma Germany i hoʻohana i ka ʻenehana PVD e hoʻomākaukau i nā kiʻi WC / C e hōʻike ana i nā waiwai anti-fatigue, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā lubricants i loaʻa nā mea hoʻohui EP Materials Science, Technical University of Aachen, Germany, me ke kālā mai ka DFG (GermanResearch Commission), hōʻike i ka piʻi nui ʻana o ke kūpaʻa luhi ma hope o ka waiho ʻana i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni kūpono ma ke kila 100Cr6 me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana PVD. ua ʻike ʻia ka inoa inoa inoa inoa inoa ʻo MAXIT gear coating i Kelemānia i kākau inoa ʻia ʻo Graphit-iC a me Dymon-iC i kēlā me kēia ʻO nā uhi ʻo Gear me nā inoa inoa inoa inoa ʻo Graphit-iC a me Dymon-iC aia nō hoʻi ma UK.

Ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka mīkini, he kuleana koʻikoʻi nā gears i ka ʻoihana, no laila he mea koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi ke aʻo ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea seramika ma nā mea hana. I kēia manawa, ʻo nā seramika ʻenekinia i hoʻohana ʻia i nā gears ka mea maʻamau.

1、TiN uhi uhi
1、TiN

ʻO ka Ion coating TiN ceramic layer kekahi o ka hoʻohana nui ʻia o ka ili i hoʻololi ʻia me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, ka ikaika adhesion kiʻekiʻe, ka coefficient haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ke kūpaʻa corrosion maikaʻi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ke kumu nui e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka uhi seramika ma nā gears ʻo ia ka pilikia paʻa ma waena o ka uhi seramika a me ka substrate. No ka mea ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o nā kūlana hana a me nā mea hoʻohālikelike o nā mea hana ma mua o nā mea hana a me nā molled, ua kaupalena ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o kahi uhi TiN hoʻokahi i ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻili. ʻOiai ʻo ka uhi ʻana i ka ceramic ka maikaʻi o ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, ka liʻiliʻi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, he brittle a paʻakikī ke loaʻa i kahi uhi ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa, no laila pono ia i kahi substrate paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe e kākoʻo i ka uhi i mea e pāʻani ai i kona mau hiʻohiʻona. No laila, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka uhi seramika no ka carbide a me ka ʻili kila kiʻekiʻe. He palupalu ka mea hana i ka mea seramika, a he nui ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ke ʻano o ka substrate a me ka uhi ʻana, no laila ʻilihune ka hui ʻana o ka uhi a me ka substrate, a ʻaʻole lawa ka uhi ʻana e kākoʻo i ka uhi ʻana, e maʻalahi ka hāʻule ʻana o ka uhi i ke kaʻina hana, ʻaʻole hiki ke pāʻani wale i nā pōmaikaʻi o ka uhi seramika, akā ʻo ka hāʻule ʻana o ka uhi e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka wikiwiki o ke kapa. kāʻei. ʻO ka hopena o kēia manawa, ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana lapaʻau honua composite e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pilina ma waena o ka ceramic a me ka substrate. Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻenehana lapaʻau ʻili i ka hui pū ʻana o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka mahu kino a me nā kaʻina hana lapaʻau ʻili a i ʻole nā ​​uhi ʻē aʻe, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ʻelua ʻāpana ʻokoʻa / lalo e hoʻololi i ka ʻili o ka mea substrate no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā waiwai mechanical composite ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia e ke kaʻina hana lapaʻau hoʻokahi. ʻO ka uhi hoʻohuihui ʻo TiN i waiho ʻia e ka nitriding ion a ʻo PVD kekahi o nā mea i noiʻi nui ʻia. ʻO ka plasma nitriding substrate a me ka TiN ceramic composite coating he paʻa paʻa a hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ke kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu.

ʻO ka mānoanoa maikaʻi loa o ka papa kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻo TiN me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka waihona kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma kahi o 3 ~ 4μm. Inā emi ka mānoanoa o ka papa kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma mua o 2μm, ʻaʻole e hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia ka pale ʻana o ka lole. Inā ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa o ka papa kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma mua o 5μm, e hoʻemi ʻia ka paʻa kumu kiʻiʻoniʻoni.

2、Multi-layer, multi-component TiN uhi

Me ka hoʻohana lohi a me ka laha ʻana o nā uhi TiN, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā noiʻi e pili ana i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā uhi TiN. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā ʻāpana multi-component a me nā multilayer coatings ma muli o ka binary TiN coatings, e like me Ti-CN, Ti-CNB, Ti-Al-N, Ti-BN, (Tix, Cr1-x) N, TiN/Al2O3, etc. hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻakikī a me ka ikaika adhesion o nā uhi.

Ma muli o ka paʻakikī o ka haku mele multicomponent, nui nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa ma kēia haʻawina. Ma ke aʻo ʻana o (Tix,Cr1-x)N nā ʻāpana multicomponent, aia kahi hoʻopaʻapaʻa nui ma nā hopena noiʻi. Manaʻo kekahi poʻe ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā uhi (Tix,Cr1-x)N ma TiN, a hiki ke noho wale ʻo Cr ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi paʻa paʻa i loko o ke kiko kiko TiN, akā ʻaʻole ma ke ʻano he māhele CrN kaʻawale. Hōʻike nā haʻawina ʻē aʻe i ka palena o ka nui o nā ʻātoma Cr e pani pono ana i nā ʻāpana Ti i (Tix,Cr1-x)N, a ʻo ke koena Cr aia i loko o ka mokuʻāina singlet a i ʻole nā ​​​​hui pū me N. Hōʻike nā hopena hoʻokolohua ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o Cr i ka uhi e hōʻemi i ka nui o ka ʻili a hoʻonui i ka paʻakikī, a ʻo ka paʻakikī o ka uhi ke hiki i ka nui o ke koʻikoʻi o loko o ka 3% o ke koʻikoʻi. ʻo ka uhi ʻana a hiki i kona waiwai nui.

3、O kekahi papa uhi

Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻohana maʻamau ʻo TiN coatings, hoʻohana ʻia nā seramika ʻenehana like ʻole no ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka ʻili.

(1)Y. Terauchi et al. Ua aʻo ʻo Iapana i ke kūʻē ʻana i ka lole frictional o ka titanium carbide a i ʻole titanium nitride ceramic gears i waiho ʻia e ke ʻano deposition vapor. Ua kālai ʻia a hoʻoliʻiliʻi ʻia nā mea e hiki ai ke loaʻa ka paʻakikī o ka ʻili e pili ana i ka HV720 a me ka ʻili o ka ʻili o 2.4 μm ma mua o ka uhi ʻana, a ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā ʻāpana seramika e ka chemical vapor deposition (CVD) no ka titanium carbide a me ka hoʻoheheʻe kino kino (PVD) no ka titanium nitride, me ka mānoanoa o ka ceramic film μm. Ua noiʻi ʻia nā ʻano ʻaʻahu frictional ma ke alo o ka ʻaila a me ka friction maloʻo, kēlā me kēia. Ua ʻike ʻia ua hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia ke kūʻē ʻana a me ke kūʻē ʻana o ka mea hana ma hope o ka uhi ʻana me ka ceramic.

(2) Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka uhi hoʻohuihui o Ni-P a me TiN i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke kemika e ka uhi mua ʻana iā Ni-P ma ke ʻano he papa hoʻololi a laila waiho iā TiN. Hōʻike ke aʻo ʻana ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka paʻakikī o ka ʻili o kēia hoʻohuihui i kekahi ʻano, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana me ka substrate a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana.

(3) WC/C, B4C kiʻi lahilahi
M. Murakawa et al., Keʻena o Mechanical 'enekinia, Iapana Institute of Technology, hoʻohana PVD 'enehana e waiho WC / C lahilahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma luna o ka ili o na gears, a me kona ola lawelawe he ekolu manawa o ka maʻamau quenched a me ka lepo gears ma lalo o ka aila-noa lubrication kūlana. ʻO Franz J et al. hoʻohana i ka ʻenehana PVD e waiho i ka WC/C a me B4C kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻoniʻoni ma luna o ka ʻili o FEZ-A a me FEZ-C, a ua hōʻike ka hoʻokolohua ua hoʻemi nui ka uhi ʻana o ka PVD i ka friction, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke kāʻei i ka gluing wela a i ʻole ka hoʻopili ʻana, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hiki ke halihali i ka ukana.

(4) Nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni CrN
Ua like nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni CrN me nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni TiN no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni CrN, a ʻoi aku ke kūpaʻa ʻana o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni CrN i ka oxidation wela kiʻekiʻe ma mua o TiN, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, haʻahaʻa ke koʻikoʻi kūloko ma mua o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni TiN, a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī. Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻo Chen Ling et i kahi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻoniʻoni ʻo TiAlCrN/CrN me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni maikaʻi loa ma ka ʻili o ka HSS, a ua manaʻo pū kekahi i ke kumumanaʻo dislocation stacking o ke kiʻi multilayer, inā nui ka ʻokoʻa o ka ikehu dislocation ma waena o nā papa ʻelua, e paʻakikī ka dislocation e hiki mai ana i ka papa hoʻokahi i ka pae ʻē aʻe. Ua aʻo ʻo Zhong Bin et i ka hopena o ka maʻiʻo nitrogen ma ke ʻano o ka pae a me nā waiwai frictional ʻaʻahu o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni CrNx, a ua hōʻike ʻia ka haʻawina ʻo ka Cr2N (211) diffraction peak i loko o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni e nāwaliwali mālie a hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka piko CrN (220) me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka maʻiʻo N2, ʻo nā ʻāpana nui ma luna o ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni e hoʻemi mālie ʻia. I ka 25 ml/min o ka aeration N2 (ʻo 75 A ka kiʻi CrN i waiho ʻia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili, ka paʻakikī a me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka wā he 25ml/min ka N2 aeration.

(5) Kiʻiʻoniʻoni Superhard
ʻO ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻo Superhard ke kiʻi paʻa me ka paʻakikī ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 40GPa, ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa, ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka coefficient friction haʻahaʻa a me ka coefficient hoʻonui wela haʻahaʻa, ka nui o ke kiʻi daimana amorphous a me ke kiʻi CN. Loaʻa i nā kiʻi daimana Amorphous nā waiwai amorphous, ʻaʻohe hale kauoha lōʻihi, a loaʻa kahi helu nui o nā paʻa CC tetrahedral, no laila ua kapa ʻia lākou he tetrahedral amorphous carbon films. Ma ke ʻano he ʻano kiʻi kalapona amorphous, he nui nā waiwai maikaʻi e like me ka daimana, e like me ke kiʻekiʻe thermal conductivity, kiʻekiʻe paʻakikī, kiʻekiʻe elastic modulus, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka wela, kūpaʻa kemika maikaʻi, kūpaʻa maikaʻi a me ka haʻahaʻa friction coefficient. Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo ka uhi ʻana i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni e like me ke daimana ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka mīkini hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola lawelawe ma kahi helu o 6 a hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka pale ʻana i ka luhi. ʻO nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni CN, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni carbon-nitrogen amorphous, loaʻa kahi ʻano aniani e like me ko β-Si3N4 covalent pūhui a ʻike pū ʻia ʻo β-C3N4. ʻO Liu lāua ʻo Cohen et al. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻo β-C3N4 i ka ikehu paʻa nui, kahi ʻano mechanical paʻa, ma kahi o hoʻokahi mokuʻāina sub-stable hiki ke noho, a ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia kona modulus elastic me ke daimana, me nā waiwai maikaʻi, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka paʻakikī o ka ʻili a hoʻemi i ke kūpaʻa o ka mea.

(6) ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka ʻaʻahu
Ua ho'āʻo ʻia kekahi mau mea hoʻopaʻa paʻa i ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā mīkini, no ka laʻana, ka deposition o Ni-P-Co alloy layer ma ka niho ili o 45 # steel gears he papa hoʻohui e loaʻa ai ka hui palaoa ultra-maikaʻi, hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola a hiki i 1.144 ~ 1.533 mau manawa. Ua aʻo ʻia hoʻi ua hoʻopili ʻia ka papa metala Cu a me ka uhi ʻana o Ni-W ma ka ʻili niho o ka Cu-Cr-P alloy i hoʻolei ʻia i ka hao e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i kona ikaika; Hoʻopili ʻia ka uhi ʻana o Ni-W a me Ni-Co ma ka ʻili niho o ka HT250 hao hao e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ke kūpaʻa ʻana e 4 ~ 6 mau manawa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka mea i uhi ʻole ʻia.