Uko inganda zikora PCB zigenda zigana ku bucucike bwinshi, intera y'imirongo mito, umubare munini w'ibice ndetse n'ibipimo by'ubuziranenge bw'imyobo, gucukura mito byabaye imwe mu nzira z'ingenzi cyane zigira ingaruka ku musaruro, ubwiza bw'ibice ndetse n'ikiguzi cy'umusaruro. Mu gucukura PCB ku buryo bwihuta cyane, gucukura mito birakenewe kugira ngo hacikwe icyuma cy'umuringa, fibre y'ibirahure, sisitemu ya resin n'ibikoresho byuzuza birushaho gukaraba mu gihe hagumaho impande zica cyane, gusohora utubumbe duto kandi duhoraho mu buryo buhamye. Raporo z'inganda zagaragaje ko mu gukora PCB ku bucucike bwinshi, gucika intege kw'imyobo bifitanye isano rya hafi no gufata resin, kwangirika kw'inkombe vuba, guhindagurika kw'imyobo no gusimbuza ibikoresho kenshi, cyane cyane ko umuvuduko wo gucukura n'umubare w'ibice bikomeza kwiyongera.
Kubera iyo mpamvu,Igipfundikizo cya PCB cyo gucukura mikoroNtabwo bikiri inzira yoroshye yo "gukomeza kwangirika". Irimo kuba igisubizo cy’ubuhanga bwo gutunganya ubuso neza gisaba imikorere myiza cyane iturutse ku bikoresho byo gusiga irangi. Irangi rigomba kunoza ubukana, kugabanya gukururana, guhagarika gufatana kwa resin, kongera uburyo bwo kugumana inkombe no kubungabunga imiterere y’umwimerere y’imashini ntoya za karubide. Ibi bishyiraho ibisabwa bishya ku kugenzura imiterere ya firime, kudahungabana kwa plasma, kugabanya uduce, gucunga ubushyuhe no guhuza neza kw’itsinda.
Igisabwa cya mbere ni ukugenzura neza irangi rito cyane kandi ringana cyane. Imashini nto za PCB zifite uburebure buto cyane, impande zikata neza n'imiterere y'urufaya igoye. Ubunini bukabije bw'irangi bushobora kuzenguruka impande zikata, bukagira ingaruka ku gukuraho imashini cyangwa bugahindura aho irangi ryagenewe gukata. Kubwibyo, ibikoresho byo gusiga bigomba kuba bifite ubushobozi bwo gushyira filime nini, zihoraho kandi zihuye ku gipimo cya micron cyangwa sub-micron, mu gihe bitanga uburyo bwiza bwo gutwikira impande zikata, ubuso bw'urufaya n'inkombe z'icukura. Ku bijyanye n'irangi nka ta-C, DLC, AlTiN, AlCrN, TiAlSiN cyangwa irangi rikomeye ry'inyongera, ibikoresho bigomba kugenzura neza igipimo cyo gushyiramo, ingufu za iyoni n'ubugari bwa filime kugira ngo bihuze ubukana, gufatana no gutyara kw'inkombe.
Icya kabiri gisabwa ni ubushobozi bwo gushyiramo uduce duto. Gushyiramo uduce duto twa cathodic arc bisanzwe bitanga ionization nyinshi kandi bigafatana neza na filime, ariko uduce duto dushobora kuba isoko y'inenge ikomeye ku bikoresho bito. Ku mashini zito za PCB, ndetse n'uduce duto ku nkombe zishobora gutera stress nyinshi, gucukura bidakomeye, gukubita inkuta z'imyobo cyangwa gucika vuba. Iyi ni yo mpamvu ikoranabuhanga rya magnetic filtered arc, sisitemu za filtered cathodic vacuum arc hamwe n'imiterere myiza yo kuyungurura plasma ari ingenzi cyane. Kuyungurura magnetic bishobora kugabanya uduce duto no kunoza uburyo bwo gutwikira, ibyo bikaba ingirakamaro cyane cyane ku mashini zito za DLC na ta-C zikoreshwa ku mashini zito.
Icya gatatu gisabwa ni ugufata neza nta kwangirika k'ubushyuhe. Ubusanzwe imashini nto za PCB zikozwe muri karubide ikozwe muri sima, kandi imikorere yazo yo gukata iterwa cyane n'imiterere y'inkombe z'ubutaka. Niba ubushyuhe bw'ipamba buri hejuru cyane, substrate, imiterere y'icyuma cyangwa uburyo bwo gufata neza inkombe bishobora kugira ingaruka. Ibikoresho bigezweho byo gusiga ipamba bya micro-drill bisaba gushyiramo ubushyuhe buke, gusukura ipamba ry'iyoni ku buryo bunoze no gushushanya neza ipamba ry'inkombe. Ikoranabuhanga nka ion source etching, gushyiramo bias, Cr cyangwa metal transition layers, hamwe n'ipamba ry'inkombe bifasha kunoza imbaraga zo guhuza hagati y'ipamba n'ipamba rya carbide. Uburyo bumwe bwo gusiga ipamba rya ta-C bushobora gushyirwa munsi ya 100 °C, bifasha kubungabunga imiterere y'ipamba rya micro-small drills.
Icya kane gisabwa ni ubukana bwinshi hamwe no gucikagurika guke. Mu gucukura PCB, irangi rigomba kwirinda kwangirika gukabije kw'ibirahure, umuringa, resini na ceramic fillers, mu gihe bigabanya ubushyuhe bukabije n'ubufatane bwa resini. Filimi ikomeye ariko ikomeye ishobora kongera ubudahangarwa bwo gukata no kwihutisha kuziba kwa chips. Filimi yoroshye ariko idafite ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo ishobora kwangirika vuba mugihe cyo gucukura vuba. Kubwibyo, ibikoresho bigomba kuba bishobora gukora irangi rifite imiterere minini, imiterere myinshi ya sp³ kuri sisitemu za ta-C cyangwa DLC, ingano ntoya y'ubudahangarwa no kudacika neza. Ubushakashatsi ku mashusho ya diyama ku mashini za PCB bwagaragaje ko imiterere ya diyama igezweho ishobora kunoza ubuzima bw'imashini n'ubwiza bw'imyobo mugihe icukura ibikoresho bya PCB birimo alumina ceramic fillers.
Icya gatanu gisabwa ni ukwisubiramo neza kw'ipamba kugira ngo rikoreshwe mu bwinshi. Imbuga nto za PCB zikunze gupfukwa mu byiciro binini, kandi buri mbuga igomba kugumana ubugari bwa firime, ibara, ubukana, gufatana n'imikorere ya tribological. Itandukaniro iryo ari ryo ryose mu mwanya w'ibikoresho, ubucucike bwa plasma, imiterere y'isuri, ikwirakwizwa rya gazi cyangwa ingufu za bias bishobora gutuma habaho itandukaniro mu mikorere hagati y'imbuga. Kubwibyo, sisitemu zo gupfuka imbuga nto za PCB zigomba kuba zifite imikorere ihamye yo gupompa ivacuum, kugenzura neza ubwinshi bw'ibikoresho, gukwirakwiza plasma kimwe, ibikoresho byizewe byo kuzunguruka/guhindura hamwe no kugenzura uburyo bwo gukora bushobora gusubiramo. Ku bakora ibikoresho, agaciro nyakuri k'ibikoresho byo gupfuka ntabwo ari ukugera ku musaruro mwiza w'icyitegererezo gusa, ahubwo no kubungabunga imikorere ihamye mu byiciro by'ibikorwa bihoraho.
Icya gatandatu gisabwa ni imiterere yihariye y’ibikoresho bito bipima neza. Ugereranyije n’ibikoresho binini cyangwa ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gukata, ibikoresho bito bito bya PCB ni bito cyane, byoroshye kandi byoroshye gufunga neza. Ibikoresho bigomba kwemeza ubushobozi bwo gupakira bwinshi mu gihe byirinda ingaruka zo kurinda, gupakira kutaringaniye no kwangirika kwa mekanike. Guzunguruka kw’imirongo myinshi, gushyiraho uburyo bwo gupakira bwinshi, gushyira ibikoresho neza no gushyiramo plasma neza ni ngombwa kugira ngo haboneke irangi ringana ku mutwe w’imashini n’agace k’ifiriti. Ku bakora bashaka gukoresha uburyo bwinshi bwo gupakira, ibikoresho bigomba kuringaniza ubushobozi bw’itsinda n’uburyo bwo gupakira, aho kongera ingano y’ibikoresho.
Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho byo gusiga irangi bya PCB bigomba gushyigikira ihuzwa ry’imikorere myinshi. Sisitemu yo gusiga irangi irushanwa ntigomba kugarukira ku bwoko bumwe bwa firime. Igomba kuba ishobora gushyigikira isuku ya iyoni, gushyira mu mwanya w’impinduka, gushyira mu mwanya w’irangi rikomeye, gushyira mu mwanya w’irangi rishingiye kuri karuboni hamwe n’igishushanyo mbonera cy’irangi ry ...
Mu rwego rwo gukora PCB, intego nyamukuru yo gusiga irangi ry’imashini nto ni ukugabanya ikiguzi kuri buri mwobo, kongera igihe cyo gukoresha ibikoresho, kunoza ubwiza bw’inkuta z’imyobo, kugabanya uduce duto n’uturemangingo tw’imisumari, no gutuma imikorere yo gucukura irushaho kuba myiza. Uko imbaho za PCB zigenda zirushaho kuba ingorabahizi n’ibikoresho bikarushaho kugorana kubikora, ibikoresho byo gusiga bigomba kuva kuri sisitemu zisanzwe zo gusiga irangi rikomeye bikajya kuri platformi zikora neza cyane, zifite uduce duto, ubushyuhe buke kandi zishobora gusubiramo ibintu byinshi.
Mu gihe kizaza, ubushobozi bwo gupima PCB micro-drill ntabwo buzashingira gusa ku gukomera kw'igitambaro. Bizaterwa n'ubushobozi busesuye bw'ibikoresho byo gupima icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi: kugenzura plasma, kuyungurura uduce duto, kudahindagurika k'ubushyuhe, ubuhanga bwo gufata neza, igishushanyo mbonera cy'ibikoresho, gusubiramo ibikorwa no kwizera umusaruro mwinshi. Ku bakora ibikoresho byo gupima icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi, iki ni ikibazo cya tekiniki kandi ni amahirwe ku isoko. Umuntu wese ushobora gutanga ibisubizo bihamye, bikora neza kandi bigamije gushyira mu bikorwa ibikoresho byo gupima icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi azabona umwanya ukomeye mu gisekuru gitaha cy'inganda zikora PCB zigezweho.
-Iyi nkuru yasohotse nauruganda rukora ibikoresho byo gusiga irangi ry'umwukaZhenhua Vacuum
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-06-2026