Muri iki gihe, inganda zirimo guteza imbere ibikoresho byo gusiga irangi ry’urumuri ku bikoresho nka kamera za digitale, scanner za barcode, fibre optique sensors n’imiyoboro y’itumanaho, ndetse na sisitemu z’umutekano wa biometric. Uko isoko rigenda rikura rigakunda ibikoresho bya pulasitiki bihendutse kandi bifite imikorere myiza, hari ikoranabuhanga rishya ryo gusiga irangi rijyanye n’ibyo porogaramu nshya zikeneye.
Ugereranije n'indorerwamo z'ibirahure, optique za pulasitiki zoroshye inshuro 2 kugeza kuri 5, bigatuma zikoreshwa neza nko mu ngofero zo kureba nijoro, porogaramu zo gufata amashusho mu buryo bworoshye, n'ibikoresho byo kwa muganga bishobora kongera gukoreshwa cyangwa gukoreshwa mu gihe runaka (urugero, laparoscope). Byongeye kandi, optique za pulasitiki zishobora guhindurwa hakurikijwe ibyo zikeneye gushyirwaho, bityo bikagabanya cyane umubare w'intambwe zo guteranya no kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gukora.
Optike ya pulasitiki ishobora gukoreshwa mu bikorwa byinshi by'urumuri rugaragara. Ku bindi bikorwa bya hafi ya UV na hafi ya IR, ibikoresho bisanzwe nka acrylic (ubukonje buhebuje), polycarbonate (imbaraga nziza z'ingaruka) na olefini zizenguruka (zirwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi ziramba, amazi make ashira) bifite uburebure bw'uburebure bwa 380 kugeza 100 nm). Irangi ryongerwa ku buso bw'ibice bya pulasitiki kugira ngo byongere imikorere yabyo yo kohereza cyangwa gusubiza urumuri no kongera igihe kirekire. Irangi rinini (risanzwe rifite ubugari bwa μm 1 cyangwa rinini) rikora cyane cyane nk'ibice birinda, ariko kandi rinanoza gufatana no gukomera ku irangi rito rikurikiraho. Irangi rito ririmo silicon dioxide (SiO2), tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, aluminium oxide, niobium oxide, na hafnium oxides (SiO2, Ta2O5, TiO2, Al2O3, Nb3O5, na HfO2); irangi risanzwe ry'indorerwamo z'icyuma ni aluminium (Al), ifeza (Ag), na zahabu (Au). Fluoride cyangwa nitride ntibikunze gukoreshwa mu gusiga, kuko kugira ngo haboneke ireme ryiza ryo gusiga, hakenewe ubushyuhe bwinshi, ibyo bikaba bidahuye n'imiterere y'ubushyuhe buke busabwa mu gusiga ibice bya pulasitiki.
Iyo uburemere, igiciro n'uburyo bworoshye bwo guteranya ari byo bintu by'ingenzi bigomba kwitabwaho mu gukoresha ibice by'urumuri, ibice bya pulasitiki by'urumuri akenshi ni byo byiza.
Ibyuma bigarura urumuri byihariye bya scanner yihariye, bigizwe n'ibice byinshi by'uruziga n'ibitari impande (Aluminiyumu itwikiriwe n'ibitari bitwikiriwe).
Ikindi kintu gikunze gukoreshwa ku bice bya pulasitiki bitwikiriye ni indorerwamo z'amaso. Ubu indorerwamo zirwanya urumuri (AR) ku ndorerwamo z'indorerwamo zirakunze gukoreshwa cyane, aho abarenga 95% by'indorerwamo zose zikoresha indorerwamo za pulasitiki.
Indi mashini ikoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho bya pulasitiki bitanga urumuri ni ibikoresho byo mu kirere. Urugero, mu gukoresha HUD (igaragaza ko ibintu bireba hejuru), uburemere bw'igice ni ikintu cy'ingenzi. Ibice bya pulasitiki bitanga urumuri ni byiza cyane mu gukoresha HUD. Kimwe n'izindi sisitemu nyinshi zigoye z'urumuri, irangi ririnda urumuri rirabagirana rirakenewe muri HUD kugira ngo hirindwe urumuri rukwirakwira ruterwa n'imyuka ihumanya. Nubwo filime zitanga urumuri rwinshi kandi zifite imiterere myinshi zishobora gusigwa, inganda zigomba gukomeza guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rishya kugira ngo zishyigikire ibice bya pulasitiki bitanga urumuri mu bikorwa bishya.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-07-2022