Chiyambi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida zazikulu zokutira zowunikira

I. Chidule
Chipangizo chachikulu chopangira utoto wa planar ndi chipangizo choyika filimu yopyapyala pamwamba pa chinthu chopangira utoto wa planar. Mafilimuwa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza magwiridwe antchito a zinthu zowunikira, monga kuwunikira, kutumiza, kutsutsa kuwunikira, kutsutsa kuwunikira, fyuluta, galasi ndi ntchito zina. Zipangizozi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mumakampani opanga kuwala, laser, chiwonetsero, kulumikizana, ndege ndi mafakitale ena.
Chachiwiri, mfundo yaikulu ya utoto wowala
Kuphimba kwa kuwala ndi njira yomwe imasintha mawonekedwe a kuwala kwa chinthu chowala (monga lenzi, fyuluta, prism, ulusi wowala, chiwonetsero, ndi zina zotero) mwa kuyika gawo limodzi kapena angapo a zinthu (nthawi zambiri chitsulo, ceramic, kapena oxide) pamwamba pake. Magawo a filimu awa akhoza kukhala filimu yowala, filimu yotumizira, filimu yotsutsa kuwunikira, ndi zina zotero. Njira zodziwika bwino zophimba ndi physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), sputtering deposition, evaporation coating ndi zina zotero.
Chachitatu, kapangidwe ka zida
Zipangizo zazikulu zokutira kuwala nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zigawo zazikulu izi:
Chipinda chophikira: Ichi ndiye gawo lalikulu la njira yophikira ndipo nthawi zambiri chimakhala chipinda chopumira. Chophikirachi chimachitika powongolera mpweya wotuluka ndi mlengalenga. Kuti muwongolere mtundu wa chophimbacho ndikulamulira makulidwe a filimuyo, ndikofunikira kuwongolera bwino malo omwe chipinda chophikiracho chili.
Gwero la nthunzi kapena gwero la kutulutsa madzi:
Gwero la nthunzi: Zinthu zomwe ziyenera kuyikidwa zimatenthedwa mpaka kufika pa nthunzi, nthawi zambiri ndi nthunzi ya elektroni kapena nthunzi ya kutentha, kenako zimayikidwa pa chinthu chowala mu vacuum.
Gwero la kutulutsa madzi: Pokhudza chandamale ndi ma ayoni amphamvu kwambiri, maatomu kapena mamolekyu a chandamalecho amatuluka madzi, omwe pamapeto pake amaikidwa pamwamba pa kuwala kuti apange filimu.
Dongosolo lozungulira: Chinthu chowunikira chiyenera kuzunguliridwa panthawi yophimba kuti zitsimikizire kuti filimuyo yagawidwa mofanana pamwamba pake. Dongosolo lozungulira limatsimikizira makulidwe ofanana a filimu panthawi yonse yophimba.
Dongosolo la vacuum: Dongosolo la vacuum limagwiritsidwa ntchito kupereka malo otsika mphamvu, nthawi zambiri kudzera mu dongosolo la pampu kuti lichotse vacuum m'chipinda chophikira, kuonetsetsa kuti njira yophikirayo siyikusokonezedwa ndi zinyalala zomwe zili mumlengalenga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti filimu ikhale yabwino kwambiri.
Njira zoyezera ndi zowongolera: kuphatikiza masensa owunikira makulidwe a filimu (monga masensa a QCM), kuwongolera kutentha, malamulo a mphamvu, ndi zina zotero, kuti azitha kuwongolera bwino momwe amapangira utoto.
Dongosolo Loziziritsira: Kutentha komwe kumachitika panthawi yophimba kumatha kukhudza mtundu wa filimuyo komanso kulimba kwa chinthu chowunikira, kotero dongosolo loziziritsira logwira ntchito bwino limafunika kuti kutentha kukhale kokhazikika.
4. Munda wofunsira
Kupanga zinthu zowunikira: Zipangizo zophimba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zinthu zowunikira monga magalasi owunikira, ma maikulosikopu, ma telesikopu, ndi magalasi a kamera. Kudzera mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zophimba, zinthu zowunikira zimatha kukonzedwa kuti zisawononge kuwala, zisawononge kuwala, zisawononge kuwala, zosefera, ndi zina zotero, kuti ziwongolere mtundu wa chithunzi, kuwala ndi kusiyana.
Ukadaulo wowonetsera: Pakupanga chiwonetsero chamadzimadzi cha kristalo (LCD), diode yotulutsa kuwala (OLED) ndi zina zowonetsera, ukadaulo wopaka utoto umagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza zotsatira zowonetsera, kuwonjezera mtundu, kusiyana ndi kuthekera koletsa kuwunikira.
Zipangizo za laser: Pakupanga ma laser ndi zida zowunikira za laser (monga magalasi a laser, magalasi, ndi zina zotero), ukadaulo wopaka utoto umagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha mawonekedwe owunikira ndi kufalitsa kwa laser kuti zitsimikizire kutulutsa mphamvu ndi mtundu wa kufalitsa kwa laser.
Ma solar photovoltaic: Pakupanga ma solar panels, ma optical coverage amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apititse patsogolo kusintha kwa ma photoelectric. Mwachitsanzo, kuphimba filimu yotsutsana ndi kuwala pamwamba pa zinthu za photovoltaic kungachepetse kutayika kwa kuwala, motero kumawonjezera magwiridwe antchito a ma solar cells.
Ndege: Mu gawo la ndege, magalasi owonera, masensa owonera, ma telesikopu ndi zida zina ziyenera kuphimbidwa kuti ziwonjezere kukana kwawo kwa kuwala, kukana kutentha kwambiri komanso kukana kuwunikira kuti zitsimikizire kuti zida zikugwira ntchito bwino m'malo ovuta.
Zosensa ndi zida: Zogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zolondola, zosensa za infrared, zosensa zowunikira ndi zida zina, zophimba zimatha kukonza magwiridwe antchito awo. Mwachitsanzo, zosensa za infrared nthawi zambiri zimafuna chophimba chapadera cha filimu kuti athe kusefa bwino ndikudutsa mu mafunde enaake a kuwala.
V. Mavuto a ukadaulo ndi njira zopititsira patsogolo chitukuko
Kuwongolera khalidwe la filimu: Mu zipangizo zazikulu zophimba kuwala, kuonetsetsa kuti filimuyo ndi yofanana komanso yogwirizana ndi vuto laukadaulo. Kusintha pang'ono kwa kutentha, kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka mpweya kapena kusinthasintha kwa mphamvu panthawi yophimba kungakhudze ubwino wa filimuyo.
Ukadaulo wa zokutira zinthu zosiyanasiyana: Zipangizo zowunikira zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino nthawi zambiri zimafuna makina opanga mafilimu osiyanasiyana, ndipo zida zowunikira ziyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu yowongolera makulidwe ndi kapangidwe ka filimu iliyonse kuti zikwaniritse zotsatira zomwe mukufuna.
Zanzeru ndi zochita zokha: Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo, zida zophikira zamtsogolo zidzakhala zanzeru komanso zodziyimira zokha, zokhoza kuyang'anira ndikusintha magawo osiyanasiyana mu njira yophikira nthawi yeniyeni, kukonza magwiridwe antchito opanga komanso mtundu wa zinthu.
Kuteteza chilengedwe ndi kusunga mphamvu: Ndi malamulo okhwima okhudza chilengedwe, zida zophikira kuwala ziyenera kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndikuchepetsa kutulutsa zinthu zoopsa. Nthawi yomweyo, kupanga zipangizo ndi njira zophikira zachilengedwe zomwe siziwononga chilengedwe ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yofufuzira panopa.
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– Nkhaniyi yatulutsidwa ndiwopanga makina ophikira vacuumGuangdong Zhenhua