I runga i te tere o ngā whakapainga hangahanga o te ao, kei te piki haere tonu te hiahia mō ngā wāhanga whakapaipai kounga teitei me ngā whakapaipai motuka e pā ana ki te kakano ataahua, te pakari, me te ōritetanga o te puranga. Kei te piki haere te hiranga o ngā tukanga paninga pai ake, pumau hoki mō ngā umanga ki te hopu...
I ngā tau tata nei, nā te tere o te hanga papatipu o ngā waka atamai, kua tere te pikinga o te hiahia mō ngā wāhanga hanganga whatu pēnei i ngā whakaaturanga i roto i te waka, ngā whakaata tirohanga whakamuri atamai, me te karāhe papatohu pokapū nui. Kua whakatinanahia e te mākete ngā whakaritenga hangarau tino kaha ki runga i ngā mahi...
1. Ngā Whakaritenga Maimoatanga Mata e Ārahihia ana e ngā Waka Pūngao Hou me ngā Whare Waka Atamai I ngā tau tata nei, ko te tere o te whanaketanga o ngā waka pūngao hou (NEV) me ngā whare waka atamai kua tere ake te whakamahi i ngā whakaaturanga pokapū whakatakotoranga-rahi, ngā whakaata tirohanga whakamuri atamai, ngā papa pa i roto i te waka, ngā...
Ko te wehenga o te paninga (te korenga o te piri) he take kounga noa i roto i te hangarau whakatakotoranga korehau, e pā tika ana ki te pono o te hua, te roa, me te mahi. Ka tātarihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā take pūtake o te wehenga mai i ngā tirohanga o te piri o te mata, ngā tawhā tukanga...
I roto i ngā tukanga paninga korehau (Paninga Korehau), ko te tere whakatakotoranga tētahi o ngā tawhā matua e whakatau ana i te whai huatanga o te whakaputa me ngā āhuatanga o te kiriata. Heoi, ko te tere whakatakotoranga tino tiketike, tino iti rānei ka pā tika ki te kounga o te kiriata, ā, ka pā ki te tirohanga whatu, hiko, me...
I roto i te ao hangarau rauemi matatau, ko te whakaurunga hohonu o te hangarau paninga korehau me te nanotechnology kei te akiaki i te ahunga whakamua hou i roto i te mahi mata me te hoahoa rauemi mahi-teitei. Mā te whakamahi i ngā tukanga matatau pēnei i te Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD), Che...
I roto i ngā tukanga paninga korehau uaua, ko te ma o te rūma e whakatau tika ana i te pēhanga turanga, te parakore o te kiriata, te piri, me te mahi tino pai o te hua. Kāore e ranea te horoi i ia rā hei tango i ngā poke uaua kua kohia i roto i te wā. Nō reira, he mea nui te horoi hohonu i ia wā...
Kei te Whakarerekētanga o te Mata te Otinga Tuturu — Ehara i te Peita Iho. I raro i te nekehanga takirua o ngā whāinga kore waro me ngā ture taiao pakari, kei te tere te neke atu o ngā ahumahi pēnei i ngā roto o ngā motuka, ngā taputapu whare, me ngā anga hua 3C mai i ngā matū e hangai ana ki te whakarewa...
I roto i te whanaketanga o te hangarau tākai haurua-ira, ko ngā hononga poutū he mea nui tonu hei whakatau i te mahi a te pūnaha, te tapuwae, me te whakapaunga hiko. Mai i ngā tikanga honohono waea me te maramara hurihuri o mua ki te putanga mai o ngā IC whakarārangi 3D, kua rapu te umanga i ngā mea teitei ake ...
1. Kupu Whakataki: Te Whanaketanga o ngā Taputapu Kakahu Atamai I te mea ka nui haere te kiato o ngā taputapu kakahu atamai, ka maha ngā mahi, ka ārahihia hoki e te hoahoa, kua piki ake te hiahia mō te maimoatanga mata tika me ngā kiriata angiangi mahi. Mai i ngā anga mataaratanga whakarewa me ngā taupoki pūoko ki ngā anga whakapaipai me ngā paninga whatu...
I ngā tau tata nei, kua kaha ake te ao o te matauranga horihori, te taraiwa motuhake, me ngā maramara rorohiko mahi-teitei i roto i te ao semiconductor. I te mea kei te piki haere tonu te mahi a ngā maramara, kāore e taea e te takai rua-ahu (2D) tikanga te whakatutuki i ngā tono e piki haere ana mō te kiato hononga me te ...
Ko te wehenga o te paninga, e mōhiotia ana ko te korenga o te piri, te kiri rānei, he āwangawanga kounga nui i roto i ngā tukanga whakatakotoranga korehau. Ka puta tēnei āhuatanga ina wehe te kiriata kua whakatakotoranga mai i te papa, ka whakararu i te mahi mahi me te hanganga. He tirohanga whānui...
I roto i te paninga korehau, ehara te whakahaere pāmahana i te tawhā noa iho — koia te tūāpapa o te kounga kiriata, te piri, me te auautanga. Mai i te whakamahana o te papa ki te whakamatao, ka pā tika ia wāhanga o te pihi pāmahana ki te hanganga kiriata, te āhua o te mata, me te mahi whatu, ā-mīhini rānei...