I roto i te umanga whakapaipai, kāore e mutu te whanaketanga o te tae. Mai i te matte ki te kanapa, mai i ngā tae mārō ki ngā whakawhiti gradasi—kei muri i ia ngaru o ngā auahatanga whakapaipai kei reira te auahatanga o ngā rauemi me te tukatuka. He kāwai hou o ngā atarangi kanohi e huri ana te tae, e puta pinepine ana i roto i ngā hua nui...
I roto i te hangarau mata o ēnei rā, kua puta te Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) hei hangarau paninga korehau matua nā tōna mahi kiriata pai me ōna āhuatanga taiao. Ka whakaratohia e tēnei tuhinga he tātaritanga hōhonu o ngā mātāpono, ngā whakarōpūtanga, me ngā tono noa...
I roto i ngā pūnaha paninga korehau, he mahi nui tā ngā papu korehau. He wāhanga nui ēnei mō te whakatutuki i te taiao korehau teitei e hiahiatia ana mō ngā tukanga paninga, e pā tika ana ki te whai huatanga o te paninga, te kounga kiriata, me te hua whakaputa. He rerekē te taumata korehau o ngā tukanga paninga rerekē...
I roto i ngā mahi hanga ahumahi hou, kua noho te hangarau maimoatanga mata hei huarahi nui ki te whakarei ake i te mahi hua me te uara tāpiri. I roto i ēnei hangarau, ko ngā taputapu paninga korehau, hei taputapu matua mō te maimoatanga mata matatau, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā whatu, ngā hikohiko, ngā taputapu taputapu, te karāhe, me...
I te anga whakamua o te umanga motuka ki tētahi wā hou o te mohio, te hoahoa mama, me te mahi teitei, kua piki haere te rongonui o te hangarau paninga korehau i roto i te hanga motuka. He tukanga nui tēnei mō te whakarei ake i te kounga o te hua, te arotau i te ataahua, me te whakapai ake...
E rua ngā mara tono nui o ngā photovoltaics: te silicon tioata me ngā kiriata angiangi. He teitei te tere tahuritanga o ngā pūtau solar silicon tioata, engari he poke te tukanga whakaputa, he mea e tika ana mō ngā taiao mārama kaha anake, ā, kāore e taea te whakaputa hiko i raro i te kaha ngoikore...
I tā mātou kamupene whakaute, he nui tō mātou whakahīhī ki te huri i te ao o te hangarau paninga. Kei te huri haere ā mātou mīhini PVD hou rawa atu i te whakatutuki i ngā paninga mata kounga teitei. Mā te whakakotahi i tō mātou whakapau kaha ki te auahatanga me te rapu i te hiranga, ko tēnei mīhini hou rawa atu ...
I roto i te pūtaiao rauemi me te hangarau, he mea nui te mahi a te ao o ngā paninga kiriata angiangi i roto i ngā ahumahi mai i te hikohiko ki te hanga matatau. I roto i ngā hangarau rerekē e wātea ana, kua puta ake te pupuhi kohu tinana (PVD) hei tikanga auaha me te whai hua mō te...
I roto i ngā pūnaha hanga hou, ko te tika o te hua, te whai huatanga o ngā taputapu, me te roa o te ratonga o ngā wāhanga e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā whanaketanga o te hangarau mata. Hei tikanga nui mō te maimoatanga mata, kua whānuitia te whakamahi i te hangarau paninga mārō puta noa i ngā ahumahi pēnei i ngā taputapu tapahi, te pokepokea ai...
I ngā tau tata nei, nā te rautaki "waro rua" ā-motu i akiaki, ehara te panonitanga matomato o te hangahanga i te whakapai ake ā-tūao engari he mea nui mō te whanaketanga tauwhiro. Hei tētahi o ngā wāhanga tino kitea o waho o te waka, ehara i te mea ko ngā rama motuka anake e whakarato ana i te whakamārama...
I ngā tau tata nei, me te whakatinanatanga tonu o te rautaki "waro takirua" a Haina (te tihi waro me te kore waro), ehara te panonitanga matomato i roto i te hanga i te whakapai ake tūao engari he huarahi whakahau. Hei wāhanga tirohanga me te mahi matua o waho o te motuka, kāore ngā rama matua...
Ka tukuna e te HUD (Whakaaturanga Upoko) ngā mōhiohio taraiwa nui (hei tauira, te tere, te whakatere, ngā whakatūpato ADAS) ki runga i te matapihi o mua, ki tētahi whakaaturanga motuhake rānei, kia taea ai e ngā taraiwa te uru atu ki ngā raraunga me te kore e titiro ki raro, ā, kia pai ake ai te haumaru me te whai hua o te taraiwa. Hei whakatutuki i te mahi whakaaturanga mārama me te pumau,...
Ngā Wero Hou Nama 1 i raro i te Whakakapinga Peita Wai-Hanga: Te "Pānga Whakarihariha" i waenga i ngā Polymers me ngā Paninga Nā te nui o ngā tukunga VOC o ngā peita tuku iho, kāore e taea e rātou te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga taiao o ngā ture pēnei i te Ture REACH a te EU. Ko te ...
Nā te ngaru o te mātauranga motuka, kua whanake te paninga PVD Whakaaturanga-i-roto-waka mai i ngā panera taputapu kotahi ki ngā pokapū matua e whakauru ana i ngā kokopiti atamai, ngā taunekeneke taraiwa motuhake, me te whakangahau oro-ataata. Kei te whānui haere tonu te mākete mō ngā whakaaturanga-i-roto-waka, me te piki haere o te tono...
I raro i ngā ture taiao o te ao e kaha haere ana te whakakaha, kei te aro atu ngā tukanga whakakikorua hiko tuku iho ki ngā whakaritenga ture tino kaha. Hei tauira, ko te REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals) me te ELV (End-of-Life Vehicles) a te EU...