I te ao hou, kua noho te hangarau paninga whatu hei wāhanga ngaro engari he mea nui o te maha o ngā hua—mai i ngā karāhe tohutohu ki ngā kāmera waea atamai, mai i ngā whakaaturanga upoko-ake o ngā motuka (HUD) ki te karāhe hoahoanga penapena hiko. Hei tikanga maimoatanga mata mahi, hangarau, me te ataahua, o...
I te whanaketanga o ngā wāhanga hiko ki te whakaitiiti me te mahi auau-tiketike, he wāhanga nui tonu ngā varistor mō te tiaki i te ngaohiko nui. Ahakoa i roto i ngā taputapu atamai, i ngā hikohiko motuka, i ngā pūnaha whakahaere ahumahi me te hiko rānei, ka mahi ngā varistor hei kaiwawao matua mō ngā ngaohiko...
1. Tirohanga Whānui o ngā Mātāpono Paninga Korehau Ko te hangarau paninga korehau he hangarau whakatakoto mata e hangai ana ki te Whakatakotoranga Kohu Tinana (PVD) te Whakatakotoranga Kohu Matū rānei (CVD). I raro i ngā āhuatanga korehau teitei, ka hurihia ngā rauemi paninga totoka, hau rānei hei matūriki kore utu mā te whakamahana, te whakapū...
I te whanaketanga tonu o ngā hua hiko ki ngā hoahoa angiangi, māmā ake, me te maha o ngā mahi, kei te piki haere te mahi a ngā kiriata angiangi kawe hiko i roto i te umanga hiko. Hei rauemi matua mahi i roto i ngā wāhanga hiko, ehara i te mea he ara nui noa iho ngā kiriata kawe hiko...
I te haere tonu o te whanaketanga o ngā whāinga "waro rua" a Haina, kei te kitea te tipu onge o te umanga photovoltaic (PV). Hei tukanga matua mō te whakapai ake i te pai o te pūtau solar me te whakarei ake i te mahi a te taputapu, kei te piki haere te hiranga o te hangarau paninga korehau puta noa i te maha...
I roto i te umanga whakapaipai, kāore e mutu te whanaketanga o te tae. Mai i te matte ki te kanapa, mai i ngā tae mārō ki ngā whakawhiti gradasi—kei muri i ia ngaru o ngā auahatanga whakapaipai kei reira te auahatanga o ngā rauemi me te tukatuka. He kāwai hou o ngā atarangi kanohi e huri ana te tae, e puta pinepine ana i roto i ngā hua nui...
I roto i te hangarau mata o ēnei rā, kua puta te Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) hei hangarau paninga korehau matua nā tōna mahi kiriata pai me ōna āhuatanga taiao. Ka whakaratohia e tēnei tuhinga he tātaritanga hōhonu o ngā mātāpono, ngā whakarōpūtanga, me ngā tono noa...
I roto i ngā pūnaha paninga korehau, he mahi nui tā ngā papu korehau. He wāhanga nui ēnei mō te whakatutuki i te taiao korehau teitei e hiahiatia ana mō ngā tukanga paninga, e pā tika ana ki te whai huatanga o te paninga, te kounga kiriata, me te hua whakaputa. He rerekē te taumata korehau o ngā tukanga paninga rerekē...
I roto i ngā mahi hanga ahumahi hou, kua noho te hangarau maimoatanga mata hei huarahi nui ki te whakarei ake i te mahi hua me te uara tāpiri. I roto i ēnei hangarau, ko ngā taputapu paninga korehau, hei taputapu matua mō te maimoatanga mata matatau, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā whatu, ngā hikohiko, ngā taputapu taputapu, te karāhe, me...
I te anga whakamua o te umanga motuka ki tētahi wā hou o te mohio, te hoahoa mama, me te mahi teitei, kua piki haere te rongonui o te hangarau paninga korehau i roto i te hanga motuka. He tukanga nui tēnei mō te whakarei ake i te kounga o te hua, te arotau i te ataahua, me te whakapai ake...
E rua ngā mara tono nui o ngā photovoltaics: te silicon tioata me ngā kiriata angiangi. He teitei te tere tahuritanga o ngā pūtau solar silicon tioata, engari he poke te tukanga whakaputa, he mea e tika ana mō ngā taiao mārama kaha anake, ā, kāore e taea te whakaputa hiko i raro i te kaha ngoikore...
I tā mātou kamupene whakaute, he nui tō mātou whakahīhī ki te huri i te ao o te hangarau paninga. Kei te huri haere ā mātou mīhini PVD hou rawa atu i te whakatutuki i ngā paninga mata kounga teitei. Mā te whakakotahi i tō mātou whakapau kaha ki te auahatanga me te rapu i te hiranga, ko tēnei mīhini hou rawa atu ...
I roto i te pūtaiao rauemi me te hangarau, he mea nui te mahi a te ao o ngā paninga kiriata angiangi i roto i ngā ahumahi mai i te hikohiko ki te hanga matatau. I roto i ngā hangarau rerekē e wātea ana, kua puta ake te pupuhi kohu tinana (PVD) hei tikanga auaha me te whai hua mō te...
I roto i ngā pūnaha hanga hou, ko te tika o te hua, te whai huatanga o ngā taputapu, me te roa o te ratonga o ngā wāhanga e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā whanaketanga o te hangarau mata. Hei tikanga nui mō te maimoatanga mata, kua whānuitia te whakamahi i te hangarau paninga mārō puta noa i ngā ahumahi pēnei i ngā taputapu tapahi, te pokepokea ai...
I ngā tau tata nei, nā te rautaki "waro rua" ā-motu i akiaki, ehara te panonitanga matomato o te hangahanga i te whakapai ake ā-tūao engari he mea nui mō te whanaketanga tauwhiro. Hei tētahi o ngā wāhanga tino kitea o waho o te waka, ehara i te mea ko ngā rama motuka anake e whakarato ana i te whakamārama...