Ukwenziwa kwesinyithi ngeplastiki kusetyenziswa kakhulu kwizinto zeemoto, izixhobo ze-elektroniki zabathengi, iimveliso zokukhanyisa, ukupakisha izinto zokuhombisa, izixhobo zasekhaya, kunye neminye imboni. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokugquma nge-vacuum, i-substrate yeplastiki inokunikwa inkangeleko yesinyithi kwaye, ngokuxhomekeke kwinkqubo yokugquma, iipropati eziphuculweyo zokukhanya, zokuhombisa, zokuthintela, okanye ezisebenzayo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukwenziwa kwesinyithi seplastiki akuyonto nje yokubeka iindawo zeplastiki kwigumbi lokuvaleka kunye nokufaka ifilimu yesinyithi. Xa kuthelekiswa neziseko zesinyithi, iiplastiki ngokubanzi zinokumelana okuphantsi kobushushu, iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zokukhupha igesi, amandla aphantsi omphezulu, kunye nokuziphatha okuntsonkothileyo kokuguquguquka kwejiyometri. Ke ngoko, uqwalaselo lwezixhobo kunye nohlengahlengiso lwenkqubo kufuneka kuqwalaselwe kunye nezinto, ijiyometri, amandla emveliso, kunye neemfuno zokugqibela zokugquma zecandelo leplastiki.
Ukuze inkqubo yemizi-mveliso ihlale izinzile, inkqubo yokugquma nge-vacuum kufuneka ihambelane neempawu zeplastiki kunye noyilo olufunekayo lokugquma.
1. Izinto ezingaphantsi komhlaba zichonga izixhobo ezisisiseko kunye neemfuno zenkqubo
Iiplastiki ezahlukeneyo zibonisa iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zobushushu, zoomatshini, nezomphezulu, ezichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo i-vacuum metallization.
Ubunjineli obuqhelekileyo kunye neeplastiki ezibonakalayo ezisetyenziselwa i-vacuum metallization ziquka i-ABS, i-PC, i-PC+ABS, i-PMMA, i-PP, i-PA, kunye nezinye izinto ze-polymer substrates. Ukumelana kwazo nobushushu, ukufunxwa komswakama, ukwanda kobushushu, ukuziphatha kwazo ngaphandle kwegesi, kunye neempawu zomphezulu azifani.
Umzekelo, izinto zePC kunye nePC+ABS zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekukhanyiseni iimoto, ekuhlobiseni izinto zangaphakathi, nakwimisebenzi yokuhombisa. Phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo, zinokudityaniswa ngesinyithi ngeenkqubo zePVD ukuze kufumaneke imbonakalo yesinyithi. Ezinye izinto zepolymer zinokufuna unyango olongezelelweyo lomphezulu, iprimer, okanye iinkqubo zesiseko ukuze kufunyanwe ukuthamba okwaneleyo komphezulu kunye nokunamathela kwengubo.
Ngoko ke, ukukhethwa kwezixhobo akufuneki kuqale ngobukhulu begumbi kuphela. Inyathelo lokuqala kukufumanisa izinto zeplastiki, imeko yokubumba ngenaliti, umgangatho womphezulu, kunye nenkqubo yokugquma efunekayo. Ezi zinto zibonelela ngesiseko sokufumanisa inkqubo efanelekileyo yokufunxa umoya kunye noqwalaselo lwezixhobo.
2. I-Part Geometry Ichaphazela Ngokuthe Ngqo Ubungakanani Begumbi kunye Nokufana Kokugquma
Ubukhulu kunye nejometri yecandelo leplastiki zezinye zezinto ezibalulekileyo ekuhlengahlengisweni kwezixhobo.
Kwiindawo ezithe tyaba okanye ezilula, i-geometry yokugquma kulula ukuyilawula. Nangona kunjalo, izinto zemoto, izindlu zokukhanyisa, imihlobiso yokuhombisa, kunye nezinye iindawo zeplastiki zinokuba neendawo ezigobileyo, iindawo ezifihlakeleyo, imiphetho ebukhali, iimbambo, ii-bosses, kunye nezinye izinto ezintsonkothileyo ezinemilinganiselo emithathu.
Ngexesha lokufakwa kwe-vacuum, i-coating flux inokusasazwa kwicala. Umahluko kumgama kunye ne-engile phakathi komthombo we-coating kunye neendawo ezahlukeneyo ze-workpiece kunokubangela umahluko kubukhulu befilimu, umbala, ukubonakaliswa, kunye nezinye iimpawu ze-coating.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ubukhulu bokugquma obusebenzayo begumbi akufuneki bumiselwe kuphela bubukhulu bangaphandle bemveliso. Imvulophu yomsebenzi, ubukhulu bokugquma, umgama ukusuka kumthombo ukuya kwi-substrate, indlela yokujikeleza, kunye nendawo yokugquma esebenzisekayo zonke kufuneka ziqwalaselwe.
Kwizinto zeplastiki ezintsonkothileyo ezinemilinganiselo emithathu, ujikelezo olufanelekileyo lwezinto zokusebenza kunye noyilo lwezixhobo lunokuphucula ukufana kwengubo ngokutshintsha rhoqo indlela ezibekwe ngayo iindawo xa kuthelekiswa nomthombo wengubo.
3. Ukusebenza kweNkqubo yeVacuum kubaluleke kakhulu kwiZixhobo zePlastiki
Xa kuthelekiswa nezinto ezininzi zesinyithi, izinto zepolymer zinokuqulatha umswakama ofunxwayo, izinto ezishiyekileyo eziguquguqukayo, kunye nezinye izinto ezinokukhululwa phantsi kwe-vacuum. Oku kuphuma kwegesi kunokuchaphazela inqanaba le-vacuum kunye nokuzinza kwenkqubo.
Ukuba inkqubo yokufunxa amanzi ayinakukwazi ukususa ezi gesi ngempumelelo, indawo egcina amanzi isenokungazinzi, nto leyo enokubangela iziphene ezifana nokunamathelana kakubi, ukutshintsha kombala, imingxunya yemingxuma, amasuntswana, okanye iimpawu zefilimu ezingazinziyo.
Ngoko ke, izixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza isinyithi seplastiki kufuneka zibe nenkqubo yokumpompa i-vacuum elungiselelwe ngokufanelekileyo, igumbi lokuphompa, imigca yokupompa, iivalvu, kunye nenkqubo yokulinganisa i-vacuum. Isantya sokupompa kunye noxinzelelo lokugqibela kufuneka zikhethwe ngokwevolumu yegumbi, umthwalo wezinto zokusebenza, iimpawu ze-substrate, kunye nomjikelo wemveliso.
Kwangaxeshanye, unyango lwangaphambi kwesiseko kunye neenkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokubhaka kwangaphambili okanye ukomisa nge-vacuum zinokufuneka kwizixhobo ezithile zeplastiki kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo ukunciphisa ukufuma kunye nokukhululwa kokuguquguquka.
Indawo ezinzileyo yokufunxa i-vacuum ayibalulekanga nje kuphela ekufezekiseni umgangatho wefilimu ofunekayo; ikwabalulekile nasekugcineni ukuphindaphindeka kwayo ngexesha lokuveliswa okuqhubekayo.
4. Itekhnoloji yokubeka izinto kufuneka ihambelane nokusebenza okufunekayo kokugquma
Usetyenziso olwahlukeneyo lweplastiki yokwenza isinyithi lunokufuna ubuchwepheshe obahlukeneyo bokubeka.
Ukufuma kwe-resistance kusetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-metallization yokuhombisa ngenxa yenkqubo yayo elula kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokubeka. Ukufuma kwe-aluminium, umzekelo, kudla ngokusetyenziswa ukwenza imbonakalo yesinyithi eqaqambileyo kwiindawo zeplastiki.
Ukutshiza ngeMagnetron kunika ukuguquguquka okukhulu ngokubhekiselele ekukhetheni izinto kunye nolwakhiwo lwengubo kwaye kungasetyenziselwa iifilimu zesinyithi, iifilimu ze-alloy, kunye neengubo ezisabelayo. Ifanelekile ngokukodwa kwizicelo ezifuna iipropati zokukhanya ezilawulwayo, umbala, ukubonakalisa, okanye izakhiwo ezisebenzayo ze-multilayer.
Kwizicelo ezithile, i-PECVD okanye ezinye iinkqubo ezincediswa yi-plasma zinokudityaniswa ne-PVD ukuze kufakwe iileya ezikhuselayo okanye ezisebenzayo. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi xa umphezulu wesinyithi ufuna ukumelana okuphuculweyo nokukrala, iikhemikhali, ukufuma, ukugqwala, okanye ukuguga kwendalo.
Ngoko ke, ukukhethwa kwezixhobo kufuneka kusekelwe kuyilo olupheleleyo lokugquma, endaweni yokukhetha nje iteknoloji enye yokufaka.
5. Ulawulo lobushushu be-Substrate alunakubethwa ngoyaba
Ulawulo lobushushu lolunye lolona mahluko aphambili phakathi kokwenziwa kwesinyithi seplastiki kunye nezinto zokugquma zesinyithi.
Uninzi lwezixhobo zeplastiki zinokunyamezela ubushushu obulinganiselweyo. Ubushushu obugqithisileyo be-substrate bunokubangela ukuguquka kobukhulu, iziphene zomphezulu, utshintsho olukhanyayo, okanye utshintsho oluhlala luhleli kwicandelo elibunjiweyo.
Kwangaxeshanye, ezinye iinkqubo zokubeka izinto zivelisa ubushushu obukhulu ngokusebenzisa i-plasma bombardment okanye i-radiation evela kumthombo wokufuma. Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo yokugquma kufuneka ilawule umthwalo wobushushu obekwa kwiindawo zokusebenza.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwisicelo, izixhobo zinokufuna izixhobo ezipholisiweyo ngamanzi, ubushushu obulawulwayo be-substrate, umgama olungelelanisiweyo ukusuka kumthombo ukuya kwi-substrate, amazinga afanelekileyo okufaka, okanye ulandelelwano lweenkqubo ukuthintela ukufudumeza okugqithisileyo.
Kwizinto ezichanekileyo zeemoto kunye nezokukhanya, ulawulo lobushushu kufuneka luvavanywe kunye nokunyamezelana kobukhulu kunye neemfuno zokukhanya zemveliso egqityiweyo.
6. Uyilo lokulungisa umphezulu kunye nokwaleka kufuneka luqwalaselwe kunye nezixhobo
Ukusebenza kwe-vacuum metallization akuxhomekanga kuphela kwizixhobo zokubeka kodwa nakwimeko yomphezulu weplastiki.
Kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo, umphezulu weplastiki otyhidiweyo unokufuna ukucocwa, unyango lweplasma, isiseko sokwaleka, iprimer, okanye ukulungiswa komphezulu ngaphambi kokuba ungene kwigumbi lokufunxa. Injongo kukuphucula ukucoceka komphezulu, ukunciphisa ungcoliseko, ukubonelela ngomphezulu ofanelekileyo wokubeka, kunye nokuphucula ukunamathela kokwaleka.
Uyilo lwepeyinti lungabandakanya umaleko wesinyithi olandelwa yi-topcoat ekhuselayo okanye umaleko okhuselayo we-plasma-polymerized, kuxhomekeke kukuqina okufunekayo.
Umzekelo, izinto zeplastiki ezihonjisiweyo zinokufuna umphezulu osisiseko ogudileyo nocwebezelayo ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe i-aluminium. Izinto zangaphandle zemoto zinokufuna ukhuseleko olongezelelweyo kumswakama, iikhemikhali, ukuvezwa yi-UV, kunye nokuguguleka koomatshini.
Ngoko ke, ucwangciso lwezixhobo lufanele luqwalasele yonke imigca yokugquma, kuquka ulungiso lwangaphambi konyango, ukufakwa kwe-vacuum, ukupholisa, kunye neenkqubo zokugquma ezikhuselayo ezilandelayo, endaweni yokuvavanya igumbi lokugquma njengesixhobo esahlukileyo.
7. Uyilo lweZixhobo lubalulekile kwiinxalenye zeplastiki ezintsonkothileyo
Kwizinto zeplastiki ezinejometri ezintsonkothileyo, uyilo lwezixhobo luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukugqunywa kwengubo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.
Isixokelelwano kufuneka sinike indawo ezinzileyo ngelixa sinciphisa iindawo ezifihliweyo ukusuka ekugubungeleni. Kwangaxeshanye, isixokelelwano kufuneka sivumele ukulayisha nokukhulula impahla ngokufanelekileyo kwaye sinike uqhagamshelo olwaneleyo lombane okanye loomatshini apho kufuneka khona yinkqubo.
Kwizinto ezinamacala amathathu, ukujikeleza kweeplanethi, ukujikeleza kwe-multi-axis, okanye ukujongwa kakuhle kwemisebenzi kungasetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukugquma kunye nokufana kwengubo.
Isixokelelwano kufuneka siqwalasele iimpawu zobushushu zecandelo leplastiki. Uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo lokunxibelelana okanye inkxaso embi yoomatshini inokukhokelela ekuguqukeni, ngelixa indawo engafanelekiyo inokubangela iziphumo zokugquma ezingahambelaniyo phakathi kweebhetshi ezahlukeneyo.
Ngenxa yemveliso enkulu, uyilo lwezixhobo kufuneka luphuhliswe kunye noyilo lwegumbi kunye nolwakhiwo lomthombo wokubeka.
8. Amandla okuvelisa amisela uqwalaselo olufanelekileyo lwezixhobo
Inkqubo yokugquma efanelekileyo kwiisampuli zelebhu isenokungafaneleki ukuvelisa ngobuninzi.
Umthamo wezixhobo kufuneka uvavanywe ngokusekelwe kubukhulu benxalenye, inani leenxalenye ngebhetshi nganye, uxinano lomthwalo, ixesha lomjikelo wokugquma, izinga lokufakwa, kunye nemveliso efunekayo yemihla ngemihla.
Ukwandisa inani leendawo ezifakwe kwigumbi kunokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, kodwa ukulayisha okugqithisileyo kunokuchaphazela ukufana kwengubo kunye nexesha lokubuyisela i-vacuum. Ke ngoko, ubungakanani obufanelekileyo bokulayisha akunyanzelekanga ukuba bube bubuninzi obunokwenzeka.
Kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso, ukukhethwa kwezixhobo kufuneka kulungelelanise ukusetyenziswa kwegumbi, ukufana kwengubo, ixesha lokujikeleza, umthamo wokumpompa, uqwalaselo lomthombo, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle komqhubi.
Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiimoto nakwimveliso yabathengi, apho ukuhambelana okuzinzileyo kwebhetshi nganye nganye kudla ngokubaluleka njengokusebenza kwengubo eqhelekileyo.
9. Uhlengahlengiso lwezixhobo kufuneka lusekelwe kwiMfuno epheleleyo yeMveliso
Akukho matshini wokugquma i-vacuum osetyenziswa kwihlabathi liphela ofanelekileyo ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izicelo zeplastiki zokunyibilikisa isinyithi.
Inkqubo efanelekileyo kufuneka iphuhliswe ngokweemfuno ezithile zemveliso, kuquka izinto zeplastiki, ubungakanani bezinto, ijiyometri, izinto zokugquma, inkangeleko efunekayo, ukusebenza kwe-optical, iimfuno zokuqina, amandla emveliso yemihla ngemihla, kunye nenqanaba lokuzenzekela.
Kwizinto zeplastiki ezilula zokuhombisa, inkqubo yokufunxa ethe ngqo inokwanela. Kwizinto ezintsonkothileyo zeemoto okanye iimveliso ezifuna iileya ezininzi ezisebenzayo, inkqubo esebenza ngeendlela ezininzi edibanisa ukutshiza kwemagnetron, ukufunxa, unyango lweplasma, kunye neetekhnoloji zokukhusela ukugquma inokubonelela ngokuguquguquka okukhulu kwenkqubo.
Izixhobo kufuneka zibonelele ngokubekwa esweni kwenkqubo nolawulo olwaneleyo ukugcina iiparameter ezizinzileyo ngexesha lemveliso eqhubekayo.
Ukwenziwa kwesinyithi ngeplastiki kukudibanisa isayensi yezinto eziphathekayo, iteknoloji ye-vacuum, i-plasma physics, ubunjineli benkqubo yokugquma, kunye noyilo lwenkqubo yemveliso. Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo zokugquma nge-vacuum akunakusekelwa kuphela kubungakanani begumbi okanye umthamo wokumpompa oqhelekileyo.
Izinto ezisetyenziswa phantsi komhlaba zimisela iimfuno ezisisiseko zobushushu nezomphezulu; ijiyometri yenxalenye imisela indawo yokugquma esebenzayo kunye noqwalaselo lwezixhobo; ukusebenza kwe-vacuum kuchaphazela ulawulo lokuphuma kwegesi kunye nokuzinza kwenkqubo; iteknoloji yokufaka imisela izixhobo zokugquma ezikhoyo kunye nezakhiwo zefilimu; ngelixa amandla emveliso emisela ukusetyenziswa kwegumbi kunye nenqanaba lokuzenzekelayo elifunekayo.
Kubavelisi abatshintsha ukusuka ekuphuhlisweni kwesampulu ukuya kwimveliso enkulu, eyona njongo ibalulekileyo kukumisela ifestile yenkqubo ezinzileyo nephindaphindwayo apho ukufana kwengubo, ukunamathela, inkangeleko, imveliso, kunye nokuthembeka kwexesha elide kunokugcinwa ngaxeshanye.
Ngokufanisa izixhobo zokugquma nge-vacuum neempawu zokwenyani kunye neemfuno zemveliso zezixhobo zeplastiki, abavelisi banokufikelela kumgangatho ohambelanayo wokwenziwa kwesinyithi ngelixa benciphisa uhlengahlengiso lwenkqubo, inkunkuma yezinto, kunye neendleko zemveliso.
-Eli nqaku lipapashwe nguumenzi wezixhobo zokugquma nge-vacuumI-Zhenhua Vacuum
Ixesha leposi: Sep-05-2026