Pali mitundu yambiri ya magawo a magalasi ndi magalasi, monga CR39, PC (polycarbonate), 1.53 Trivex156, pulasitiki ya refractive index, galasi, ndi zina zotero. Kwa magalasi owongolera, ma lens onse a utomoni ndi magalasi a magalasi ndi pafupifupi 91%, ndipo kuwala kwina kumawonekeranso ndi ma s awiri ...
Pambuyo pa kupezeka kwa photovoltaic effect ku Ulaya mu 1863, United States inapanga selo loyamba la photovoltaic ndi (Se) mu 1883. M'masiku oyambirira, maselo a photovoltaic ankagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mumlengalenga, asilikali ndi madera ena. M'zaka zapitazi za 20, kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mtengo wa photovolta ...
Vacuum ion plating (ion plating mwachidule) ndiukadaulo watsopano wochiritsa pamwamba womwe umapangidwa mwachangu mu 1970s, womwe udapangidwa ndi DM Mattox waku Somdia Company ku United States mu 1963.
① Kanema wotsutsa-reflection. Mwachitsanzo, makamera, ma slide projekita, ma projekita, ma projekiti amakanema, zowonera kanema, magalasi owonera, ndi makanema osanjikiza amodzi a MgF omwe amakutidwa pamagalasi ndi ma prism a zida zosiyanasiyana zowunikira, ndi mafilimu amitundu iwiri kapena angapo osanjikiza ma Broadband opangidwa ndi SiOFrO2, AlO, ...
① Kuwongolera kwabwino komanso kubwereza kwa makulidwe a kanema Kaya makulidwe a filimu amatha kuwongolera pamtengo wodziwikiratu amatchedwa kuwongolera makulidwe a kanema. The chofunika filimu makulidwe akhoza kubwerezedwa kwa nthawi zambiri, amene amatchedwa filimu makulidwe repeatability.Because kumaliseche ...