Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iteknoloji yokutshiza nge-vacuum ibe yinkqubo ephambili kumashishini ahlukeneyo ukusuka kwi-elektroniki ukuya kwi-optics. Le ndlela intsonkothileyo ivumela ukufakwa kweefilimu ezincinci kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, okuphucula iipropati zezinto kunye nemiphezulu esebenzayo. Iteknoloji yokutshiza nge-vacuum ineendlela ezininzi zokusebenza kwaye inamandla amakhulu okuguqula amasimi aliqela emizi-mveliso. Kule posi yebhlog, sihlola inkqubela eyenziweyo kweli candelo kwaye sixoxe ngamathuba alo ekamva.
Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zobuchwepheshe bokutshiza nge-vacuum kukukwazi kwayo ukuphucula ukusebenza kwezixhobo ze-elektroniki. Ngokufaka iifilimu ezincinci zezinto ezithile kwizinto ze-elektroniki, abavelisi banokuphucula ukuhanjiswa kwazo, ukuxhathisa kunye nokuqina kwazo. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi kwimveliso yee-semiconductors, iiseli zelanga kunye nezibonisi zephaneli ezisicaba apho ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokusebenza kubalulekile. Iindlela zotshiza nge-vacuum zinokufaka ezi filimu ngokuchanekileyo okuphezulu, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwesixhobo ngokufanelekileyo.
Ukongeza, ukutshiza nge-vacuum kunezicelo ezibalulekileyo kwicandelo le-optics. Ngokusebenzisa obu buchwepheshe ukugquma izinto ze-optical ngeefilimu ezincinci, abavelisi banokulawula ukubonakaliswa, ukufunxwa kunye nokudluliselwa kokukhanya. Oku kuvula indlela yophuhliso lwe-optical coatings eziphambili ezisetyenziswa kwiinethiwekhi zonxibelelwano, iilensi zekhamera kunye ne-anti-reflective coatings zeglasi zamehlo. Ukuguquguquka kwetekhnoloji yokutshiza nge-vacuum sputtering kuvumela ukuveliswa kwezi coatings ngobukhulu obuchanekileyo kunye nokwakheka kweempawu ze-optical eziphezulu.
Itekhnoloji yokutshiza nge-vacuum ibone inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Enye yezo nkqubela phambili yayikukuphuhliswa kokutshiza nge-magnetron, esebenzisa amasimi emagnethi ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nomgangatho wenkqubo yokubeka. Ngokusebenzisa ii-magnetron, abavelisi banokufikelela kumazinga aphezulu okutshiza, banciphise ungcoliseko lwamasuntswana kwaye baphucule ukunamathela kwefilimu. Olu tshintsho lube negalelo elikhulu ekwamkelweni ngokubanzi kwetekhnoloji yokutshiza nge-vacuum kumashishini ahlukeneyo.
Ngaphezu koko, ukudityaniswa kweenkqubo zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzekelayo kunye neenkqubo zokulawula kuye kwaguqula inkqubo yokutshiza nge-vacuum. Iinkqubo zanamhlanje zokutshiza nge-vacuum zixhotyiswe ngee-sensors eziphambili, iimonitha kunye neendlela zokuphendula ezivumela ulawulo lwenkqubo kunye nokwenza ngcono ngexesha langempela. Oku akunyusi nje kuphela ukuthembeka kunye nokuphindaphinda kwenkqubo yokubeka, kodwa kukwanciphisa inkunkuma yezinto kunye nexesha lokungasebenzi. Ukufika kobukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye nokufunda koomatshini kuye kwakhawulezisa ngakumbi le nkqubela phambili, okuvumela ukugcinwa kwangaphambili kunye nolawulo lwenkqubo olukrelekrele.
Ukujonga phambili, amathuba obuchwephesha bokutshiza nge-vacuum aqaqambile. Ngenxa yemfuno ekhulayo yezixhobo ze-elektroniki ezisebenzayo kunye neenkqubo ze-optical eziphambili, kufuneka ezinye izinto ezintsha kweli candelo. Abaphandi ngoku bahlola izixhobo ezintsha kunye neendlela zokwandisa ububanzi beendlela zokutshiza nge-vacuum. Umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kweegesi ezisebenzayo ngexesha lokufakwa kunokuvelisa iifilimu ezincinci zeekhompawundi ezineempawu ezizodwa, zivula amathuba amatsha kwiindawo ezifana ne-catalysis kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla.
Ukuqukumbela, iteknoloji yokutshiza nge-vacuum iye yatshintsha umdlalo kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo. Amandla ayo okufaka iifilimu ezincinci ngokuchanekileyo nangolawulo atshintshe indlela ekwenziwa ngayo izinto ze-elektroniki kunye ne-optics. Ngenkqubela phambili efana nokutshiza nge-magnetron kunye nokuzisebenzela, iteknoloji iye yasebenza kakuhle kwaye yathembeka. Ukujonga phambili, ikamva lokutshiza nge-vacuum linamandla amakhulu njengoko abaphandi beqhubeka nokuphonononga izixhobo ezintsha kunye netekhnoloji. Njengoko amashishini ezama ukufumana izisombululo ezisebenza kakuhle nezizinzileyo, iteknoloji yokutshiza nge-vacuum ngokuqinisekileyo iya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni ikamva.
——Eli nqaku likhutshwe nguumenzi womatshini wokugquma nge-vacuumGuangdong Zhenhua
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-25-2023